1. November 21-23 2012
Apo View Hotel, DAVAO,
Philippines

2. Order of Presentation
• Background
• Hybrid Clone development Program-PNG
• Selection Criteria
• Achievements
• Production and Distribution of Clonal Materials
• Support Technologies
• Current Situation
• Few Points for Philippines Cocoa

3. Development of Cocoa Hybrid
Clones for Improved Cocoa
Production in Papua New Guinea.
By Jeffrie Marfu
PNG Cocoa Coconut Research Institute
P.O.Box 1846
Rabaul, ENBP
Papua New Guinea.

4. Background
 Cocoa mostly exported as dry cocoa beans
 Production based on Trinitario and Upper Amazon
 Recent production 35-45,000 metric tonnes
 Third most important commodity cash crop
 Fetches between USD100-150 million
 Close to 70% of production small holder based.
 PNG cocoa classified “Fine Flavoured” cocoa.
 Cocoa R&D undertaken by PNGCCRI

5. • Genetically IDENTICAL
• Uniformity of all trees within the same clones
• Performance should be reliable and repeatable at
any given sets of environmental conditions

6. Hybrid Clone Development Program
 Adopted in 1994 as main breeding Strategy to address;
 Low farm yields – 200-300kg/ha
 High yield variability
 Rapid Yield Decline after 4-5 years
 Has become an integral part of the current breeding
program

7. Criteria for Selection of Clones
• High yielding Potential
• Good Production Stability
• Good levels of resistance to pest and diseases
• Good environmental adaptability and stability
• Good quality characteristics
****Maintenance of the FF genetic materials****

8. Achievements
• Two Series of Hybrid Clones Produced
• First series of Hybrid Clones released in March 2003-
Eight Clones
• Second Series to be released in first quarter of 2013-
Ten Clones

9. First Series of Clones
Big Clones Small Clones
37-13/1 34-13/2
16-2/3 17-3/1
36-3/1 73-14/1
63-7/3 73-2/2

10. Big Clones
37-13/1 16-2/3 63-7/3
Small Clones
34-13/2 17-3/1 73-14/1

11. Second Series of Clones
Big Clones Small Clones
K-9 16-4-2
K-6 15-4-7
K-4 63-3-8
21-4-8 13-3-2
17-2-16 37-2-10

12. 17-2-16 37-2-10
21-4-8
15-4-7 16-4-2 63-8-3

13. Production and Distribution of Clonal
Planting Materials to Farmers
 Awareness of Clones
 Establishment of central nurseries
 Establishment of central bud wood gardens
 Training on Grafting Techniques
-Patch Budding
-Top Grafting
 Clonal seedling distribution to farmers
 Training of Management of Clones

14. Supporting Technologies
1) Juvenile Budding Using 14 days old root stock

15. 2) Use of Secondary Orthotropic Buds to Reduce
Jorquette Height

16. Orthotropic Budded Clone

17. 3) Use of Mutant Root Stock to Reduce Plant
Height

18. Current Situation with Planting Materials
• Hybrid seed production to be phased out by 2015
• Currently Hybrid seeds are distributed to more distant
farmers
• Government support of USD 3million for extension services
to establish nurseries and bud wood garden & train
farmers.

19. Few thoughts for Cocoa in the Philippines
Current R&D efforts on Cocoa should be further
supported.
Production of clones should be encouraged to improve
production at farm level.
Farmers should be mobilized into formation of farmer
groups and corporative,-training, quality , quantity.
Proactive approach should be taken by government,
donors and stake holders to ensure sustainability.
Approach to the industry should be holistic – Farm to
Market.