Kittelson's Brian Ray and special guest Dr. John M. Mason, PhD presented this topic at a workshop on 4/15/10. It focused on how industry trends in performance based design can support practical design-based project solutions. Brian and John provided a summary of current and emerging tools that can aid professionals in evaluating, screening, and selecting project alternative concepts. For more information contact Brian 800-878-5230.

1. Performance Based Analysis in support of “practical design” solutions Transportation Education Series April 15, 2010 John M. Mason, PhD, PE Brian L. Ray, PE

14. AASHTO (AASHO) Geometric Design Policies Title Year Policy on Criteria for Marking, Signing No-Passing-Zones on Two- and Three-Lane Roads 1940 A Policy on Sight Distance for Highways 1940 A Policy on Highway Types (Geometric) 1940 A Policy on Highway Classifications 1938

15. AASHTO (AASHO) Geometric Design Policies Design Standards: Interstate System, Primary System, and Secondary and Feeder Roads 1945 A Policy on Grade Separations for Intersecting Highways 1944 A Policy on Rotary Intersections 1941 A Policy on Intersections at Grade 1940 Title Year

17. AASHTO (AASHO) Geometric Design Policies A Policy on Design of Urban Highways and Arterial Streets 1973 A Policy on Arterial Highways in Urban Areas 1957 A Policy on Geometric Design of Rural Highways 1954 1965 Policies on Geometric Highway Design 1950 Title Year

19. AASHTO (AASHO) Geometric Design Policies A Policy on Design Standards – Interstate System 1991 2005 Guidelines for the Geometric Design of Very Low Volume Local Roads (ADT≤400) 2001 A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 1984 1990 1994 2001 2004 Title Year

20. AASHTO (AASHO) Geometric Design Policies Highway Capacity Manual, Special Report 209 (TRB) 2000 Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance of Rural Two-Lane Highways. Report No. FHWA-RD-99-207 2000 Speed Prediction for Two-lane Rural Highways. Report No. FHWA-RD-99-171, Federal Highway Administration 1999 NCHRP Report 279: Intersection Channelization Design Guide 1985 Title Year

21. AASHTO (AASHO) Geometric Design Policies Neighborhood Street Design Guidelines: An ITE Proposed Recommended Practice (ITE) 2003 Transportation and Land Development (ITE) 2002 Geometric Design Criteria for Highway-Rail Intersections (Grade Crossings) [ITE] 2001 Roundabouts: An Informational Guide (FHWA) 2000 Title Year

22. AASHTO (AASHO) Geometric Design Policies Geometric Design Handbook: Freeway and Interchange Design (ITE) 2005 Context Sensitive Solutions in Designing Major Urban Thoroughfares for Walkable Communities: An ITE Proposed Recommended Practice (ITE) 2005 Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide (FHWA) 2004 Access Management Manual, Transportation Research Board 2003 Title Year

28. Performance Based Concepts Operation uniformity to test design consistency 4.10 ft/sec 6.56 ft/sec ∆ V85 > 12 mph Poor 2.92 to 4.10 ft/sec 4.85 to 6.56 ft/sec 12mph ≥ ∆V85 ≥ 6 mph Fair 1.77 to 2.92 ft/sec 3.28 to 4.85 ft/sec ∆ V85 ≤ 6mph Good Acceleration Rate Deceleration Rate Speed Change Rating

29. Performance Based Applications FHWA, Exhibit 6-2, p. 131 Roundabouts employ an iterative design process to optimize safety and operations Typical “linear” process

31. Performance Based Tools IHSDM: Design Consistency Module Output

33. IHSDM Crash Prediction Module Output

38. Airport Way Improvements Reconnaissance Study “ Practical solutions for an evolving corridor” Fairbanks, Alaska

39. A changing system context

40. Arterial Corridor with Frontage Roads

41. Vision Concepts: Freeways to Unlimited Access Balance between Mobility & Access

42. Evaluating and screening solution concepts

43. Selecting recommended alternatives

44. Vision Concepts, Concepts, Alternatives Initial Concepts Most-Promising Alternatives Refined Concepts Applying the same evaluation criteria consistently with increasingly detailed evaluations on fewer solutions

45. OR 34 at Seven Mile Lane Intersection Design Study “ Considering solutions within available project funding” Linn County, Oregon

47. Roundabout Concept

48. Comparing the two alternatives Less impact to traffic More impact to traffic Construction $650,000 to $800,000 $1,500,000 to $1,800,000 Cost Acceptable Not Acceptable 2030 Traffic Conditions Acceptable Acceptable 2008 Traffic Conditions Considerations

49. Comparing safety qualitatively Minor and major crashes Minor crashes More severe crashes Less severe crashes High, variable speeds Lower, consistent speeds Multiple decision points Simplified decision making 32 vehicle conflict points 8 vehicle conflict points

54. Part C Predictive Method:

57. Crash Prediction Calculations

58. Performance Based Predictive Safety Results Future No Build Condition Future Alternative Condition N rs = 41 crashes/year N rs = 36 crashes/year Photo Courtesy of Yolanda Takesian

70. Design Exception Issues Right of Way Construction Costs Environmental Impacts Historic/Scenic Preservation Safety Traffic Operations

72. Most Common Design Deviations/Variances Source: NCHRP Synthesis 316 Design Exception Practices

74. 13 FHWA Controlling Criteria: AMFs and Trends by Facility Types

75. Applying the HSM to support the OR 213 Design Exception request Oregon City, Oregon

77. Constrained bridge cross section

78. Reduce dimensions and add a NB lane

82. Analysis Summary 2.00 1.60 1.70 1.40 0.92 0.72 0.10 0.82 Single-veh run-off-road, all severities Install Continuous Rolled Rumble Strips on Shoulder 2.00 1.70 1.70 1.40 0.90 0.76 0.07 0.83 All types, nighttime, non-injury Install Illumination 1.70 1.50 1.50 1.30 0.78 0.66 0.06 0.72 All types, nighttime, nonfatal, injury 2.20 1.90 1.11 0.95 0.08 1.03 All types, all severities Maintain Existing ROW, Add Lanes by Narrowing Existing Lanes and Shoulders 2.00 n/a n/a n/a All types, all severities Maintain Existing Cross Section OR 213 Annual Crash Frequency AMF Range Std Dev AMF Accident Type/Severity Treatment Description

87. Questions and Discussion?