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MGA IMPERYO SA TIMOG - 
SILANGANG ASYA
MAP of Southeast Asia and Khmer 
Empire
A short history of southeast Asia 
The history of Southeast Asia has 
been characterized as interaction 
between regional players and 
foreign powers. Though 11 
countries currently make up the 
region, the history of each country 
is intertwined with all the others. 
For instance, the Malay empires of 
Srivijaya and Malacca covered 
modern day Indonesia, Malaysia, 
and Singapore while the Burmese, 
Thai, and Khmer peoples governed 
much of Indochina. At the same 
time, opportunities and threats 
from the east and the west shaped 
the direction of Southeast Asia. 
The history of the countries within the 
region only started to develop 
independently of each other after 
European colonialization was at full 
steam between the 17th and the 20th 
century.
KINGDOMS OF 
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Ayutthaya [1351-1767](Thailand) 
After the Siamese conquered Angkor, they brought 
many Khmer captives back to Ayutthaya. Some of 
these had been officials or craftsmen at the Khmer 
royal court and Ayutthaya's rulers adopted many 
Hindu practices that had been followed by the 
Khmer, including the concept of the ruler as god-king. 
The king acquired powers of life and death 
over all his people. Only members of the royal 
family could gaze upon his face and he had to be 
addressed in a special language used exclusively 
for royalty. The power of the ruler was enhanced 
not only through symbolic and ideological 
concepts drawn from Khmer-Hindu beliefs about 
the god-king but also through the centralization of 
political power. The Thai developed a state in 
which the ruler stood at the centre of a series of 
concentric circles. The outer circles were governed 
by hereditary lords, while the inner circles were 
administered by office-holders appointed by the 
king.
- The kings of Ayutthaya also issued formal codes 
of civil and criminal law based on ancient Indian 
jurisprudence. At the same time, a formal and 
highly complex hierarchical system assigned each 
person a varying number of units that designated 
one's rank within society. At the bottom of the 
scale, a slave was worth 5 units; freemen were 
ranked at 25 and above, while the heir apparent 
was assigned no fewer than 100,000 units. 
-The mass of the people in Ayutthayan times were 
peasant farmers, either freemen or slaves. The 
latter included war captives, bondsmen, and 
debtors. Freemen were obliged to work for six 
months each year for the local representatives of 
the king, to pay taxes, and to provide military
Bagan kingdom [849-1287](Myanmar) 
Between about 500 and 950, people of the Burman 
ethnic group had been infiltrating from the north into 
the central region of Myanmar which was occupied 
by Pyu people that had come under the influence of 
Mahayana Buddhism from Bihar and Bengal. The 
Burmans centred on the small settlement of Bagan 
on the left bank of the Irrawaddy River 150 km 
southwest of Mandalay. By the mid-9th century, 
Bagan had emerged as the capital of a powerful 
kingdom that would unify Myanmar and would 
inaugurate the Burman domination of the country 
that has continued to the present day. During the 
8th and 9th centuries the kingdom of Nanzhao 
became the dominant power in southwestern 
China.
Nanzhao mounted a series of raids 
on the cities of mainland Southeast 
Asia in the early decades of the 9th 
century and even captured Hanoi in 
861. The Mon and Khmer cities held 
firm, but the Pyu capital of Halingyi 
fell. The Burmans moved into this 
political vacuum, establishing 
Bagan as their capital city in 849. In 
1287 Bagan was overrun by the 
Mongols during their wide-ranging 
conquests, and it never recovered 
its predominant position. 
Bagan is now a pilgrimage centre 
and contains ancient Buddhist 
shrines that have been restored and 
redecorated and are in current use. 
Ruins of other shrines and pagodas 
cover a wide area. An earthquake, in 
1975, severely damaged more than 
half of the important structures and
British period [1824- 
1948](Myanmar) 
The First Anglo-Burmese War arose from friction between Arakan 
in western Burma and British-held Chittagong to the north. After 
Burma's defeat of the kingdom of Arakan in 1784-85, Arakanese 
refugees went north into British territory and, from their 
sanctuaries in Bengal, formed armed contingents and recrossed 
the border, attacking Burmese garrisons in Arakan. In retaliation, 
Burmese forces crossed into Bengal, withdrawing only when 
challenged by Bengal authorities. In 1823, Burmese forces again 
crossed the frontier and the British responded with a large 
seaborne expedition that took Rangoon (1824) without a fight. The 
British hope of making the Burmese submit by holding the delta 
region and threatening the capital failed as Burmese resistance 
stiffened. In 1825 the British Indian forces advanced northward. 
In a skirmish south of Ava, the Burmese general Bandula was 
killed and his armies routed. The 1926 Treaty of Yandabo formally 
ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. The British victory had been
After 25 years of peace, the British Indian 
government sent a naval officer, 
Commodore Lambert, to Rangoon to 
investigate British merchant's complaints of 
extortion. When Lambert seized a ship that 
belonged to the Burmese king, another war 
began. By July 1852 the British had 
captured the ports of Lower Burma and had 
begun a March on the capital. Slowly but 
steadily the British-Indian forces occupied 
the central teak forests of Burma. The new 
king Mindon Min (ruled 1853-78) requested 
the dispersal of British forces. The British 
were unreceptive but were hesitant to 
advance farther northward; with both sides 
at an impasse, the fighting simply ceased.
Champa kingdom [192-1700](Vietnam) 
Champa was formed in AD 192, during the breakup of the Han 
dynasty of China, when the Han official in charge of the region 
established his own kingdom around the area of the present 
city of Hue. Although the territory was at first inhabited mainly 
by wild tribes involved in incessant struggles with the Chinese 
colonies in Tonkin, it gradually came under Indian cultural 
influence, evolving into a decentralized country composed of 
four small states, named after regions of India, Amaravati 
(Quang Nam), Vijaya (Binh Dinh), Kauthara (Nha Trang), and 
Panduranga (Phan Rang). The four states had a powerful fleet 
that was used for commerce and for piracy. The Cham people, 
of Malayo-Polynesian stock and Indianized culture, were finally 
united under the rule of King Bhadravarman around 400AD. 
In retaliation for Cham raids on their coast, the Chinese 
invaded Champa in 446, bringing the region under their 
suzerainty once again. Finally, under a new dynasty in the 6th 
century, Champa threw off its allegiance to China and entered 
into an era of great independent prosperity and artistic
Chiang Mai [1292-1558](Thailand) 
The Chiang Mai kingdom(also called LanNa)in what is today northern Thailand, 
was founded by the Thai ruler of Chiang Rai, Mangrai, who conquered the 
ancient(9th century) Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya and built a new capital at 
Chiang Mai in 1296. Under Mangrai and his successors Chiang Mai became not 
only powerful but also a centre for the spread of Theravada Buddhism to Thai 
peoples in what are now northeastern Myanmar, southern China, and northern 
Laos. Under Tilokaracha (ruled 1441-87), Chiang Mai became famous for its 
Buddhist scholarship and literature. It was conquered by the Toungoo and 
incorporated into the Burman empire in 1558 but the central Thai states of 
Ayutthaya and Bangkok challenged Burman control over the area. In 1774, the 
Thai king Taksin drove out the Myanma; but Chiang Mai retained a degree of 
independence from Bangkok until the late 19th century. 
Chiang Mai is the largest city in northern Thailand and the third largest city in 
the nation after Bangkok and Khorat(Nakhon Ratchasima). It is located on the 
Ping River, a major tributary of the Chao Phraya River, near the centre of a 
fertile intermontane basin at an elevation of 335 meters. It serves as the 
religious, economic, cultural, educational, and transportation centre for both 
northern Thailand and part of neighbouring Myanmar. The older part of town 
and particularly the 18th-century walled settlement, is on the west bank of the 
river; it contains ruins of many 13th and 14th century temples of which Wat 
Phra Sing (1345) that houses Phra Sing, the most venerated Buddha figure of
Khmer 
ALPHABETH 
Khmer kingdom [802-1432](Cambodia) 
Khmer civilization developed over several distinct periods. The first was 
marked by the small, somewhat decentralized Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms of 
Funan and Chenla, beginning in the 1st century AD and extending into the 
8th century. 
In the late 8th and early 9th centuries, Jayavarman II founded the dynasty 
that became established at Angkor by the early 10th century. This era has 
been called the classical period of Khmer civilization (802-1432). Jayavarman's 
successors constructed great architectural monuments at Angkor. The power 
of the Khmer empire peaked in the 12th century under Suryavarman II, who 
built the temple complex of Angkor Wat. His armies ranged as far west as 
northern Thailand and as far east as northern Vietnam. The Khmer empire's
Lan Xang kingdom [1353- 
1713](Laos) 
Recorded Laotian history begins with Fa 
Ngum, the ruler who founded the first Laotian 
state, Lan Xang, with the help of the Khmer 
sovereign at Angkor. Fa Ngum was a great 
warrior and, between 1353 and 1371, he 
conquered territories that included all of 
present-day Laos and much of what is today 
northern and eastern Thailand. He extended 
the Indo-Khmer civilization to the upper 
Mekong River and introduced Theravada 
Buddhism, which had been preached by 
Khmer missionaries from Angkor. In 1373 Fa 
Ngum was succeeded by his son Oun Hueun, 
who did much to organize the pattern of 
administration and defense for the kingdom. 
After his death in 1416, a long period of calm, 
broken only by a Vietnamese invasion in 
1479, allowed his successors to complete the 
work of organizing Lan Xang.
This period of peace and tranquility 
ended with Photisarath (ruled 1520- 
48), who involved Lan Xang in a 
struggle against Myanmar and the 
Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya that lasted 
two centuries. Photisarath waged three 
wars against Ayutthaya and succeeded 
in placing his son Setthathirath on the 
throne of the Thai state of Chiang Mai 
(Lan Na), marking Lan Xang's 
maximum territorial expansion. On 
Photisarath's death, his son returned 
to rule Lan Xang as Setthathirath I 
(ruled 1548-71). His reign was marked 
by the loss of Chiang Mai to the 
Myanma, by the transfer of the capital
Pyu kingdoms [100BC- 840AD](Myanmar) 
Between the 1st century BC and the 9th century AD, 
speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages known as the Pyu 
were establishing city-kingdoms in Myanmar at Binnaka, 
Mongamo, Shri Ksetra, and Halingyi. For a long time, a 
trade route between China and India had passed through 
northern Myanmar and then across the Chindwin River 
valley. In 97 and 121 AD, Roman embassies to China chose 
the overland route through Myanmar for their journey. The 
Pyu, however, provided an alternative route down the 
Irrawaddy to Shri Ksetra and then by sea westward to India 
and eastward to insular Southeast Asia. 
Chinese historical records noted that the Pyu claimed 
sovereignty over 18 kingdoms. The same Chinese records 
emphasized the humane nature of the Pyu government and 
the elegance and grace of Pyu life. Fetters, chains, and 
prisons were unknown, and punishment for criminals was 
a few strokes with the whip. The men, gaily dressed in blue, 
wore gold ornaments on their hats, and the women wore 
jewels in their hair. The Pyu lived in houses built of timber
Tabinshwehti 
Toungoo dynasty 
King Minkyinyo (1486-1531) of 
Toungoo is considered the founder 
of the dynasty which conquered 
the Mohnyin Shan peoples in 
northern Myanmar, thus 
eliminating one element of the 
fragmentation that had existed in 
Myanmar since the demise of the 
Bagan dynasty in 1287. 
Consolidating his power in 
Toungoo, far up the Sittang River, 
Tabinshwehti pushed southward, 
overrunning the Irrawaddy delta 
region and crushing the Mon 
capital of Bago(Pegu). After 
defeating a Shan-led counterattack 
at Pyay(Prome)in 1544, 
Tabinshwehti was crowned as king 
of all Myanmar at the ancient 
capital of Bagan. He then began 
assembling an army for an attack 
on coastal Arakan to the west. The 
Myanmar forces were defeated at 
Arakan but Tabinshwehti led his 
retreating army eastward to 
Ayutthaya where he was defeated
Ang Kultura ng Timog Silangang Asya 
Panimula 
Gaano kahalaga ang ating pagiging mula sa 
Timog Silangang Asya? Ano ang alam natin tungkol 
sa rehiyong ito na ating kinabibilangan? Mayroon ba 
tayong alam tungkol sa mga kultura ng ating mga 
karatig-bansa? Ano ang kaibhan at/o pagkapareho 
ng kanilang kultura sa kulturang Pilipino? 
Masasagot natin ang mga tanong na ito sa 
pamamagitan ng pagbabasa ng ilang teksto tungkol 
sa kultura ng Indonesia at Malaysia, dalawa sa mga 
bansa sa Timog Silangang Asya.
RELIHIYON 
Ang mga bansa sa Timog Silangang Asya ay 
naniniwala sa maraming iba't ibang mga relihiyon. 
Ang mga bansang nasa kalupaang Asya. gaya ng 
Thailand. Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar. at Vietnam ay 
pangunahing naniniwala sa Budhismo. Ang 
Singapore ay pangunahin din Budhista. Ang mga 
paniniwalang namana at Confucianismo ay 
malawak din pinananaligan sa Vietnam at 
Singapore. Sa Kapuluaang Malay, ang mga taong 
nakatira sa Malaysia, kanlurang Indonesia at Brunei 
ay pangunahing naniniwala sa Islam. 
AngKristiyanismo ay ang pangunahing relihiyon sa 
Pilipinas, silangang Indonesia at Silangang Timor. 
AngPilipinas ang pinakamalaking Katolikong 
populasyon na sinundan naman ng vietnam sa 
malayong agwat. Ang Silangang Timor ay isa ring 
predominanteng Katoliko dahil sa matagal na
Ekonomiya 
Ang rehiyon ay isa sa pinakaproduktibo. Ang mga 
imbak ng langis ay mayroon sa rehiyon. 
Labingpitong kumpanyang pangtelekomunikasyn 
ang kumontrata upang buuin ang bagon kableng 
submarino upang ikonekta ang Timog Silangang 
Asya sa Estados Unidos. Ito ay upang maiwasan 
ang pagkaabala na tulad ng nangyaring 
pagkaputol ng kable mula Taiwan patungong E.U. 
sa isang lindol.
MGA NAGING AMBAG 
NG IBA’t IBANG 
IMPERYO
MGA NAGAWA AT AMBAG NG 
IMPERYONG KHMER 
-NAGPATAYO NG MGA NAGLALAKIHAN 
AT NAGGAGANDAHANG TEMPLO 
-ITINAYO ANG ANGKOR WAT, KINILALA 
BILANG PINAKAMATANDA AT 
PINAKAMALAKING ESTRUKTURANG 
PANGARKITEKTURA 
ANG KHMER NA CAMBODIA SA 
KASALUKUYAN ANG DATING 
PINAKAMAKAPANGYARIHANG KAHARIAN 
SA KALAKHANG LUPAIN NG TIMOG 
SILANGANG ASYA.
SA ILALIM NG PAMUMUNO NI 
JAYAVARMAN II ANG PINAKADAKILANG 
HARI NG MGA KHMER. SINAKOP NI 
JAYAVARMAN II ANG KALAPIT NA 
KAHARIAN AT IKINABIT ANG MGA ITO SA 
KANYANG IMPERYO. 
- ITINATAG NIYA ANG KABISERA NG 
KHMER SA LUNGSOD NG ANGKOR. 
NATAMO NG KHMER ANG TUGATOG NG 
KAPANGYARIHAN NOONG PANAHON NG 
ANGKOR SA ILALIM NI JAYAVARMAN II 
BUMAGSAK ANG IMPERYO NOONG 1430 
DAHIL SA DI MAPIGILANG REBELYON
ANG IMPERYO NG ANNAM 
ANG MGA ANNAMESE ANG ITINUTURING NA 
PINAKADOMINANTENG TAO SA VIETNAM. 
-SILA AY NAGMULA SA LAHI NG MGA 
MONGOLIAN TSINO NA NANINIRAHAN SA 
TONKIN 
-ANG TONKIN NA MATATAGPUAN SA TIMOG 
HANGGANAN NG TSINA NA KINIKILALANG 
ORIHINAL NA ESTADO NG MGA ANNAMESE. 
-ANG VIETNAM AY NAGING ISANG MALAYANG 
KAHARIAN 939 CE AT PINAMAHALAAN NG 
DINASTIYANG LY. 
- ANG HANOI ANG NAGING KABISERA NITO . 
-ANG RELIHIYONG BUDDHISM ANG 
PINAKAMAHALAGANG PAMANA NG MGA TSINO
ANG IMPERYONG SIAM 
. 
ANG SIAM NA THAILAND SA 
KASALUKUYAN ANG KAISA-ISANG 
BANSA SA TIMOG SILANGANG ASYA NA 
NANATILING MALAYA SIMULA PA NONG 
SINAUNANG PANAHON. 
BUNGA NITO TINAWAG ANG MGA 
MAMAMAYAN NITO NA THAI (MALAYA) 
ANG KANILANG LAHI AT MUANG THAI 
(LUPAIN NG MALALAYA) ANG KANILANG 
BANSA. ITINATAG ANG KANILANG
MAY MGA NAKARATING SA BURMA AT MENAM 
VALLEY. 
ANG MGA NAKARATING SA MENAM VALLEY AY 
NAGTATAG NG KAHARIANG TINAWAG NA 
SUKHOTAI 
DITO LUMITAW ANG KULTURANG THAI NA 
NAKABATAY SA KULTURANG TSINO AT HINDU. 
KAHARIANG SUKHOTAI 
-PINAMUNUAN NI RAMA KANKEN NA KINILALANG 
MAHUSAY NA HARI 
-SIYA ANG LUMIKHA NG SULAT KAMAY NA THAI 
SINUNDAN SIYA NI RAMA TIBODI NA PINALAWAK 
ANG TERITORYO NG KAHARIAN SA KATIMUGANG 
BAHAGI . SIYA’Y PINALTAN NI PHRA NARET 
TANYAG NA BAYANING THAI NA NAGPASIMULA SA
GROUP 4 
MEMBERS : 
APRIL GARRIDO 
GINO CANDOLESAS 
EDDIE VIBAR 
ALBERT DESTAJO

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Project in ap

  • 1. MGA IMPERYO SA TIMOG - SILANGANG ASYA
  • 2. MAP of Southeast Asia and Khmer Empire
  • 3. A short history of southeast Asia The history of Southeast Asia has been characterized as interaction between regional players and foreign powers. Though 11 countries currently make up the region, the history of each country is intertwined with all the others. For instance, the Malay empires of Srivijaya and Malacca covered modern day Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore while the Burmese, Thai, and Khmer peoples governed much of Indochina. At the same time, opportunities and threats from the east and the west shaped the direction of Southeast Asia. The history of the countries within the region only started to develop independently of each other after European colonialization was at full steam between the 17th and the 20th century.
  • 5. Ayutthaya [1351-1767](Thailand) After the Siamese conquered Angkor, they brought many Khmer captives back to Ayutthaya. Some of these had been officials or craftsmen at the Khmer royal court and Ayutthaya's rulers adopted many Hindu practices that had been followed by the Khmer, including the concept of the ruler as god-king. The king acquired powers of life and death over all his people. Only members of the royal family could gaze upon his face and he had to be addressed in a special language used exclusively for royalty. The power of the ruler was enhanced not only through symbolic and ideological concepts drawn from Khmer-Hindu beliefs about the god-king but also through the centralization of political power. The Thai developed a state in which the ruler stood at the centre of a series of concentric circles. The outer circles were governed by hereditary lords, while the inner circles were administered by office-holders appointed by the king.
  • 6. - The kings of Ayutthaya also issued formal codes of civil and criminal law based on ancient Indian jurisprudence. At the same time, a formal and highly complex hierarchical system assigned each person a varying number of units that designated one's rank within society. At the bottom of the scale, a slave was worth 5 units; freemen were ranked at 25 and above, while the heir apparent was assigned no fewer than 100,000 units. -The mass of the people in Ayutthayan times were peasant farmers, either freemen or slaves. The latter included war captives, bondsmen, and debtors. Freemen were obliged to work for six months each year for the local representatives of the king, to pay taxes, and to provide military
  • 7. Bagan kingdom [849-1287](Myanmar) Between about 500 and 950, people of the Burman ethnic group had been infiltrating from the north into the central region of Myanmar which was occupied by Pyu people that had come under the influence of Mahayana Buddhism from Bihar and Bengal. The Burmans centred on the small settlement of Bagan on the left bank of the Irrawaddy River 150 km southwest of Mandalay. By the mid-9th century, Bagan had emerged as the capital of a powerful kingdom that would unify Myanmar and would inaugurate the Burman domination of the country that has continued to the present day. During the 8th and 9th centuries the kingdom of Nanzhao became the dominant power in southwestern China.
  • 8. Nanzhao mounted a series of raids on the cities of mainland Southeast Asia in the early decades of the 9th century and even captured Hanoi in 861. The Mon and Khmer cities held firm, but the Pyu capital of Halingyi fell. The Burmans moved into this political vacuum, establishing Bagan as their capital city in 849. In 1287 Bagan was overrun by the Mongols during their wide-ranging conquests, and it never recovered its predominant position. Bagan is now a pilgrimage centre and contains ancient Buddhist shrines that have been restored and redecorated and are in current use. Ruins of other shrines and pagodas cover a wide area. An earthquake, in 1975, severely damaged more than half of the important structures and
  • 9. British period [1824- 1948](Myanmar) The First Anglo-Burmese War arose from friction between Arakan in western Burma and British-held Chittagong to the north. After Burma's defeat of the kingdom of Arakan in 1784-85, Arakanese refugees went north into British territory and, from their sanctuaries in Bengal, formed armed contingents and recrossed the border, attacking Burmese garrisons in Arakan. In retaliation, Burmese forces crossed into Bengal, withdrawing only when challenged by Bengal authorities. In 1823, Burmese forces again crossed the frontier and the British responded with a large seaborne expedition that took Rangoon (1824) without a fight. The British hope of making the Burmese submit by holding the delta region and threatening the capital failed as Burmese resistance stiffened. In 1825 the British Indian forces advanced northward. In a skirmish south of Ava, the Burmese general Bandula was killed and his armies routed. The 1926 Treaty of Yandabo formally ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. The British victory had been
  • 10. After 25 years of peace, the British Indian government sent a naval officer, Commodore Lambert, to Rangoon to investigate British merchant's complaints of extortion. When Lambert seized a ship that belonged to the Burmese king, another war began. By July 1852 the British had captured the ports of Lower Burma and had begun a March on the capital. Slowly but steadily the British-Indian forces occupied the central teak forests of Burma. The new king Mindon Min (ruled 1853-78) requested the dispersal of British forces. The British were unreceptive but were hesitant to advance farther northward; with both sides at an impasse, the fighting simply ceased.
  • 11. Champa kingdom [192-1700](Vietnam) Champa was formed in AD 192, during the breakup of the Han dynasty of China, when the Han official in charge of the region established his own kingdom around the area of the present city of Hue. Although the territory was at first inhabited mainly by wild tribes involved in incessant struggles with the Chinese colonies in Tonkin, it gradually came under Indian cultural influence, evolving into a decentralized country composed of four small states, named after regions of India, Amaravati (Quang Nam), Vijaya (Binh Dinh), Kauthara (Nha Trang), and Panduranga (Phan Rang). The four states had a powerful fleet that was used for commerce and for piracy. The Cham people, of Malayo-Polynesian stock and Indianized culture, were finally united under the rule of King Bhadravarman around 400AD. In retaliation for Cham raids on their coast, the Chinese invaded Champa in 446, bringing the region under their suzerainty once again. Finally, under a new dynasty in the 6th century, Champa threw off its allegiance to China and entered into an era of great independent prosperity and artistic
  • 12. Chiang Mai [1292-1558](Thailand) The Chiang Mai kingdom(also called LanNa)in what is today northern Thailand, was founded by the Thai ruler of Chiang Rai, Mangrai, who conquered the ancient(9th century) Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya and built a new capital at Chiang Mai in 1296. Under Mangrai and his successors Chiang Mai became not only powerful but also a centre for the spread of Theravada Buddhism to Thai peoples in what are now northeastern Myanmar, southern China, and northern Laos. Under Tilokaracha (ruled 1441-87), Chiang Mai became famous for its Buddhist scholarship and literature. It was conquered by the Toungoo and incorporated into the Burman empire in 1558 but the central Thai states of Ayutthaya and Bangkok challenged Burman control over the area. In 1774, the Thai king Taksin drove out the Myanma; but Chiang Mai retained a degree of independence from Bangkok until the late 19th century. Chiang Mai is the largest city in northern Thailand and the third largest city in the nation after Bangkok and Khorat(Nakhon Ratchasima). It is located on the Ping River, a major tributary of the Chao Phraya River, near the centre of a fertile intermontane basin at an elevation of 335 meters. It serves as the religious, economic, cultural, educational, and transportation centre for both northern Thailand and part of neighbouring Myanmar. The older part of town and particularly the 18th-century walled settlement, is on the west bank of the river; it contains ruins of many 13th and 14th century temples of which Wat Phra Sing (1345) that houses Phra Sing, the most venerated Buddha figure of
  • 13. Khmer ALPHABETH Khmer kingdom [802-1432](Cambodia) Khmer civilization developed over several distinct periods. The first was marked by the small, somewhat decentralized Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms of Funan and Chenla, beginning in the 1st century AD and extending into the 8th century. In the late 8th and early 9th centuries, Jayavarman II founded the dynasty that became established at Angkor by the early 10th century. This era has been called the classical period of Khmer civilization (802-1432). Jayavarman's successors constructed great architectural monuments at Angkor. The power of the Khmer empire peaked in the 12th century under Suryavarman II, who built the temple complex of Angkor Wat. His armies ranged as far west as northern Thailand and as far east as northern Vietnam. The Khmer empire's
  • 14. Lan Xang kingdom [1353- 1713](Laos) Recorded Laotian history begins with Fa Ngum, the ruler who founded the first Laotian state, Lan Xang, with the help of the Khmer sovereign at Angkor. Fa Ngum was a great warrior and, between 1353 and 1371, he conquered territories that included all of present-day Laos and much of what is today northern and eastern Thailand. He extended the Indo-Khmer civilization to the upper Mekong River and introduced Theravada Buddhism, which had been preached by Khmer missionaries from Angkor. In 1373 Fa Ngum was succeeded by his son Oun Hueun, who did much to organize the pattern of administration and defense for the kingdom. After his death in 1416, a long period of calm, broken only by a Vietnamese invasion in 1479, allowed his successors to complete the work of organizing Lan Xang.
  • 15. This period of peace and tranquility ended with Photisarath (ruled 1520- 48), who involved Lan Xang in a struggle against Myanmar and the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya that lasted two centuries. Photisarath waged three wars against Ayutthaya and succeeded in placing his son Setthathirath on the throne of the Thai state of Chiang Mai (Lan Na), marking Lan Xang's maximum territorial expansion. On Photisarath's death, his son returned to rule Lan Xang as Setthathirath I (ruled 1548-71). His reign was marked by the loss of Chiang Mai to the Myanma, by the transfer of the capital
  • 16. Pyu kingdoms [100BC- 840AD](Myanmar) Between the 1st century BC and the 9th century AD, speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages known as the Pyu were establishing city-kingdoms in Myanmar at Binnaka, Mongamo, Shri Ksetra, and Halingyi. For a long time, a trade route between China and India had passed through northern Myanmar and then across the Chindwin River valley. In 97 and 121 AD, Roman embassies to China chose the overland route through Myanmar for their journey. The Pyu, however, provided an alternative route down the Irrawaddy to Shri Ksetra and then by sea westward to India and eastward to insular Southeast Asia. Chinese historical records noted that the Pyu claimed sovereignty over 18 kingdoms. The same Chinese records emphasized the humane nature of the Pyu government and the elegance and grace of Pyu life. Fetters, chains, and prisons were unknown, and punishment for criminals was a few strokes with the whip. The men, gaily dressed in blue, wore gold ornaments on their hats, and the women wore jewels in their hair. The Pyu lived in houses built of timber
  • 17. Tabinshwehti Toungoo dynasty King Minkyinyo (1486-1531) of Toungoo is considered the founder of the dynasty which conquered the Mohnyin Shan peoples in northern Myanmar, thus eliminating one element of the fragmentation that had existed in Myanmar since the demise of the Bagan dynasty in 1287. Consolidating his power in Toungoo, far up the Sittang River, Tabinshwehti pushed southward, overrunning the Irrawaddy delta region and crushing the Mon capital of Bago(Pegu). After defeating a Shan-led counterattack at Pyay(Prome)in 1544, Tabinshwehti was crowned as king of all Myanmar at the ancient capital of Bagan. He then began assembling an army for an attack on coastal Arakan to the west. The Myanmar forces were defeated at Arakan but Tabinshwehti led his retreating army eastward to Ayutthaya where he was defeated
  • 18. Ang Kultura ng Timog Silangang Asya Panimula Gaano kahalaga ang ating pagiging mula sa Timog Silangang Asya? Ano ang alam natin tungkol sa rehiyong ito na ating kinabibilangan? Mayroon ba tayong alam tungkol sa mga kultura ng ating mga karatig-bansa? Ano ang kaibhan at/o pagkapareho ng kanilang kultura sa kulturang Pilipino? Masasagot natin ang mga tanong na ito sa pamamagitan ng pagbabasa ng ilang teksto tungkol sa kultura ng Indonesia at Malaysia, dalawa sa mga bansa sa Timog Silangang Asya.
  • 19. RELIHIYON Ang mga bansa sa Timog Silangang Asya ay naniniwala sa maraming iba't ibang mga relihiyon. Ang mga bansang nasa kalupaang Asya. gaya ng Thailand. Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar. at Vietnam ay pangunahing naniniwala sa Budhismo. Ang Singapore ay pangunahin din Budhista. Ang mga paniniwalang namana at Confucianismo ay malawak din pinananaligan sa Vietnam at Singapore. Sa Kapuluaang Malay, ang mga taong nakatira sa Malaysia, kanlurang Indonesia at Brunei ay pangunahing naniniwala sa Islam. AngKristiyanismo ay ang pangunahing relihiyon sa Pilipinas, silangang Indonesia at Silangang Timor. AngPilipinas ang pinakamalaking Katolikong populasyon na sinundan naman ng vietnam sa malayong agwat. Ang Silangang Timor ay isa ring predominanteng Katoliko dahil sa matagal na
  • 20. Ekonomiya Ang rehiyon ay isa sa pinakaproduktibo. Ang mga imbak ng langis ay mayroon sa rehiyon. Labingpitong kumpanyang pangtelekomunikasyn ang kumontrata upang buuin ang bagon kableng submarino upang ikonekta ang Timog Silangang Asya sa Estados Unidos. Ito ay upang maiwasan ang pagkaabala na tulad ng nangyaring pagkaputol ng kable mula Taiwan patungong E.U. sa isang lindol.
  • 21. MGA NAGING AMBAG NG IBA’t IBANG IMPERYO
  • 22. MGA NAGAWA AT AMBAG NG IMPERYONG KHMER -NAGPATAYO NG MGA NAGLALAKIHAN AT NAGGAGANDAHANG TEMPLO -ITINAYO ANG ANGKOR WAT, KINILALA BILANG PINAKAMATANDA AT PINAKAMALAKING ESTRUKTURANG PANGARKITEKTURA ANG KHMER NA CAMBODIA SA KASALUKUYAN ANG DATING PINAKAMAKAPANGYARIHANG KAHARIAN SA KALAKHANG LUPAIN NG TIMOG SILANGANG ASYA.
  • 23. SA ILALIM NG PAMUMUNO NI JAYAVARMAN II ANG PINAKADAKILANG HARI NG MGA KHMER. SINAKOP NI JAYAVARMAN II ANG KALAPIT NA KAHARIAN AT IKINABIT ANG MGA ITO SA KANYANG IMPERYO. - ITINATAG NIYA ANG KABISERA NG KHMER SA LUNGSOD NG ANGKOR. NATAMO NG KHMER ANG TUGATOG NG KAPANGYARIHAN NOONG PANAHON NG ANGKOR SA ILALIM NI JAYAVARMAN II BUMAGSAK ANG IMPERYO NOONG 1430 DAHIL SA DI MAPIGILANG REBELYON
  • 24. ANG IMPERYO NG ANNAM ANG MGA ANNAMESE ANG ITINUTURING NA PINAKADOMINANTENG TAO SA VIETNAM. -SILA AY NAGMULA SA LAHI NG MGA MONGOLIAN TSINO NA NANINIRAHAN SA TONKIN -ANG TONKIN NA MATATAGPUAN SA TIMOG HANGGANAN NG TSINA NA KINIKILALANG ORIHINAL NA ESTADO NG MGA ANNAMESE. -ANG VIETNAM AY NAGING ISANG MALAYANG KAHARIAN 939 CE AT PINAMAHALAAN NG DINASTIYANG LY. - ANG HANOI ANG NAGING KABISERA NITO . -ANG RELIHIYONG BUDDHISM ANG PINAKAMAHALAGANG PAMANA NG MGA TSINO
  • 25. ANG IMPERYONG SIAM . ANG SIAM NA THAILAND SA KASALUKUYAN ANG KAISA-ISANG BANSA SA TIMOG SILANGANG ASYA NA NANATILING MALAYA SIMULA PA NONG SINAUNANG PANAHON. BUNGA NITO TINAWAG ANG MGA MAMAMAYAN NITO NA THAI (MALAYA) ANG KANILANG LAHI AT MUANG THAI (LUPAIN NG MALALAYA) ANG KANILANG BANSA. ITINATAG ANG KANILANG
  • 26. MAY MGA NAKARATING SA BURMA AT MENAM VALLEY. ANG MGA NAKARATING SA MENAM VALLEY AY NAGTATAG NG KAHARIANG TINAWAG NA SUKHOTAI DITO LUMITAW ANG KULTURANG THAI NA NAKABATAY SA KULTURANG TSINO AT HINDU. KAHARIANG SUKHOTAI -PINAMUNUAN NI RAMA KANKEN NA KINILALANG MAHUSAY NA HARI -SIYA ANG LUMIKHA NG SULAT KAMAY NA THAI SINUNDAN SIYA NI RAMA TIBODI NA PINALAWAK ANG TERITORYO NG KAHARIAN SA KATIMUGANG BAHAGI . SIYA’Y PINALTAN NI PHRA NARET TANYAG NA BAYANING THAI NA NAGPASIMULA SA
  • 27. GROUP 4 MEMBERS : APRIL GARRIDO GINO CANDOLESAS EDDIE VIBAR ALBERT DESTAJO