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Contextualized Mobile Learning

Prof. Dr. Marcus Specht
Open Universiteit Nederlands
CELSTEC - Centre for Learning Sciences and Technologies
marcus.specht@ou.nl




                                                 1
Open University of the
Netherlands - CELSTEC




                         2
Open University of the Netherlands

• Public University
• Open Admission, Distance Education
• Degree programmes (Ba, MSc, Ph.D.)
  - Psychology
  - Law
  - Business Administration
  - Computer Science
  - Learning Sciences
  - Cultural Sciences
  - Environmental Sciences
• Innovation of Education and Training
• Mission is focussed on Lifelong Learning
Location
CELSTEC @ OUNL
The Centre of Excellence of the OUNL in the fields of:
• a. Learning Sciences
• b. Technology Enhanced Learning

The history of the institute goes back to the early 1980's.
Mission

• CELSTEC aims to research, develop and provide
  sustainable and evidence-based solutions for the
  advancement of learning at work, at school, at home
  and on the move.

• This is accomplished by combining state-of-the-art
  research in the learning sciences with the innovative
  powers of new media, mobile devices and the Internet.
Activities of CELSTEC
• Three programmes, each with three themes:
   – Learning and Cognition
   – Learning Networks for Professional Development
   – Learning Media
• Each programme integrates three activities:
   – Research Activities
   – Laboratory Activities for Open Innovations
   – Providing Solutions and Services to the market
• Institute for Education & Training
   – MSc Learning Sciences
   – Commercial Training (provided by the staff of 3
     programmes)
• Temporary Strategic Programmes
   – Lifelong Learning Services
   – OUNL related programmes (e.g. IPO)
   – Open Educational Resources
The Learning & Cognition Programme

• Objective:
  Improve education & training at schools and in-
  company by providing efficient arrangements
• Target Users of the results:
  Teachers, trainers, managers in schools, universities,
  training companies
• Three themes:
   – learning tasks
   – learning environments
   – learning assessments
The Learning Networks Programme

• Objective:
  Improve professional development by providing
  efficient network-oriented methods and technologies
• Target Users of the results:
  Professionals, Human Resource Managers, Managers
  of SME's & employment agencies, regions,
  cities,unions, sector organisations
• Three themes:
   – professional development
   – learning network services
   – professional communities
The Learning Media Programme

• Objective:
  Improve the learning experience by utilizing the
  innovative power of new media, mobile devices and
  the Internet
• Target Users of the results:
  Innovators in Education, Training and Human
  Resource Management
• Three themes:
   – immersive media
   – mobile media
   – social media
Staff
• CELSTEC employes over a 110 FTE professionals
  from over 18 different countries:
  - Full, Associate & Assistent Professors
  - Post Docs
  - Ph.D. Students (90% of them are employed)
  - Media Specialists
  - Administrative and Support Staff
• 53% of the staff is payed from primary funding, 47% is
  employed on secondary (national science foundation,
  EU research) and tertiary (industry contracts) budgets
• The institute has the collaborate with national and
  international partners where possible (co-development,
  co-research, etc.)
CELSTEC Laboratory
   Introduction




                 12
                  1
Directed by Celstec              Directed by partners



                  Laboratory

     R&D            Experiments   Implementation      Appliance



Celstec staff                                       Partner staff
CELSTEC Laboratory
• Open Innovation Policy
• Experimentation stage of CELSTEC’s
  innovation model;
• Supports knowledge creation, knowledge
  emergence and knowledge dissemination
• Develops and offers innovation services
  on behalf of third parties;
Work - Innovation - Place
           • atmosphere that is
             essentially different
             from regular office
             ambiance;
           • will serve as a test
             plot for hot desking
             (‘flexplekken’).


                              15
                               6
Structure, Facilities, and
    current Educational
              Scenarios




                      16
                       7
Basic idea: user contexts
                                                                   • @home
                                                                   • @work
                                                                   • @school

                                                                   • What does this mean
                                                                     for the @education
                                                                     provider?

http://flickr.com/photos/kjarrett/1195498600/sizes/l/#cc_license


                                                                                   17
                                                                                    8
Innovation Scenarios




                       18
                        9
CELSTEC Laboratory floor plan
Open Scenarios and Facilities




                          20
                          14
Currently Implemented
               Scenarios
•   #ES1 Content Engineering for Education in OER
•   #ES2 Multi User Gaming and Simulations
•   #LR1 Rapid Content Production in Classroom Situations
•   #LR2 Remote Teaching and Peer Group Learning
•   #ML1- Free Educational Games and Infotainment
•   #ML2- Second Life
•   #ML3 - Content Production with Social Media Tools
•   #TR1 Innovation in the Workplace, Brainstorming
•   #TR2 Idea Collection and Structuring


                                                  21
                                                  15
Pedagogical Perspectives on
Mobile Learning




                          22
Why Mobile Social Software for
         Learning?
• Knowledge acquisition in a cultural context and the
  integration in a community of practice (Wenger&
  Lave, 1991)

• Learning is always situated within its application
  and the community of practice (Mandl, Gruber, &
  Renkl, 1995)

• Reflection in action and reflection about action (D.
  A. Schön, 1983; D.A. Schön, 1987)
                                               23
A Reference Model of Mobile Social Software
(DeJong, Specht & Koper, 2007)




                                      24
Example: Shared Documents
with Notification




                       25
Content …
– Content, describes applications based on the
  artefacts exchanged and shared by users.




                                            26
Different forms of Content
•   The MOBILearn project combined multimedia content creation, content
    delivery and stores context metadata about that content.


•   KLIV project (Eva Brandt & Hillgren, 2003) delivered video content to PDAs
    used by nurses.


•   xTask adds the collaborative editing of content and instant messaging for
    discussing the content.


•   Environmental Detectives (Klopfer, Squire, & Jenkins, 2002) is an
    example that along with content creation stores location metadata


- RAFT project, which demonstrated effects on classroom engagement and participation
  with the integration of authentic learning materials from remote field trips (Bergin et
  al., 2007)
                                                                              27
Context …
– Context, describes applications based on the
  context parameters taken into account for learning
  support.




                                            28
Context taken into Account
• Individuality Context, includes information about objects
  and users in the real world as also information about
  groups and the attributes or properties the members have
  in common.
• Time Context, basically this dimension ranges from simple
  points in time to ranges, intervals and a complete history of
  entities.
• Locations Context, are divided into quantitative and
  qualitative location models, which allow to work with
  absolute and relative positions.
• Activity Context, reflects the entities goals, tasks, and
  actions.
• Relations Context, captures the relation an entity has
  establish to other entities, and describes social, functional,
                                                        29
Purpose …
– Purpose, describes applications according to the
  goals and methods of the system for enabling
  learning.




                                            30
Purpose
• Social Software in General: Identity management,
  information sharing, relationship management (Richter
  &Koch, 2007)
• Sharing Content and Knowledge: iLogbook (Bull et al.,
  2004)
• Facilitate discussion and brainstorming: Mobile notes.
• Mobile recommender systems like MovieLens
  Unplugged
• Location awareness, group awareness, NearMe
• HANDLer project offers conversation between mobile
  learners to support knowledge (Sharples, Corlett, &
  Westmancott, 2002)                              31
Information Flow
– Information Flow, classifies applications
  according to the number of entities in the systems
  information flow.




                                              32
Context Blogging




                   33
Pedagogical Models
– Pedagogical paradigms and instructional models




                                          34
Perspectives: Mobile
Technologies for Learning




                            35
Behaviourist Learning - Content
in Context




                           36
Mobile Situated Learning




                       37
Examples
•   Behaviourist approaches on learning are the foundation of most
    notifications systems.(SMSCoach) Moreover, the more standard form
    of notification systems want the user to react on or learn about
    some peer activity being performed.
•   Constructivist approaches like MediaBoard (Colley & Stead, 2004)
    create a mobile accessible working space aimed at fostering interaction
    in a community of practice. Annotation tools like Mobile Notes , used
    in brainstorming sessions are also often designed from a
    constructivist point of view.
•   An example of situated learning support is the RAFT project that aims
    “to provide a cooperative learning environment spanning field trip
    and the classroom”.
•   Informal and lifelong learning approaches are also encountered in
    some systems. QueryLens is one example of such a system, in
    which a interest community develops around real world content as
    music.
                                                                  38
Results of Analysis
• provide more integrated systems with a range of
  functionality
• better and wider use of metadata
• more advanced and wider use of notification
  techniques
• the use of more context information that location
  and identity alone and use of techniques to
  derive more complex context information
• more attention to systems aiming at informal and
  lifelong learning.
                                            39
Once Again the Overview




De Jong, T., Specht, M., & Koper, R. (2008). A Reference Model for Mobile
Social Software for Learning. International Journal of Continuing Engineering
Education and Life-Long Learning (IJCEELL). 18(1), 118-138.




                                                                 40
Dejong, T., Specht, M., Koper, R. (in press), Contextualized Media for
Learning. to appear in Educational Technology and Society

Specht, M. (2006), Contextualized Learning. in Advances in Web-based
Education: Personalized Learning Environments, Sherry Y. Chen and Dr.
George D. Magoulas. IDEA Publishing Group

Zimmermann, A., Lorenz, A., Specht, M. (2005). Personalization and
Context-Management. User Modeling and User Adaptive Interaction
(UMUAI), Special Issue on User Modeling in Ubiquitous Computing, (15),
275-302


                                                                   41
Standards
• Interaction Modelling,
  UML
• Learning Process
  Modelling
  (EML, IMS-LD)
• Semantic Web
  Approaches,
  RDF, POIXML
• Sensor Protocols and
  Modelling, Location
                           42
eduroam or local
                                     PodCa                                                                                                             Awaren
wireless mmlab-device                       st
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c315t                                Produc
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                                                                                                                                                       System ss
                                                                                                                                                            door
                                                                           T                          s                       s
                                                                                                               c                       c
                                                                                                                                                           FlexPlek

 #mlss0                                   1.25

            9
                                                                                                              cont         cont                            SmartBoard
                                                                                                                      115*                             19'' Touchpanel




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                                                              5
                                                               4
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 twitter,
                                          1.27                                                115*


            flickr, tw
                                                             c                 c               79                                                         Shared Books



                      eme, ..
                                                                                                              s
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            /medial                                                                                           cont            cont


                    ab_mls
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                                                                                                                                                   g
          earning                                                                                                                          Learnin e
                                                         s           s         s


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                                                             screen
Thank You.
marcus.specht@ou.nl




                      44

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Mobile Learning in the CELSTEC Medialab - Marcus Specht

  • 1. Contextualized Mobile Learning Prof. Dr. Marcus Specht Open Universiteit Nederlands CELSTEC - Centre for Learning Sciences and Technologies marcus.specht@ou.nl 1
  • 2. Open University of the Netherlands - CELSTEC 2
  • 3. Open University of the Netherlands • Public University • Open Admission, Distance Education • Degree programmes (Ba, MSc, Ph.D.) - Psychology - Law - Business Administration - Computer Science - Learning Sciences - Cultural Sciences - Environmental Sciences • Innovation of Education and Training • Mission is focussed on Lifelong Learning
  • 5. CELSTEC @ OUNL The Centre of Excellence of the OUNL in the fields of: • a. Learning Sciences • b. Technology Enhanced Learning The history of the institute goes back to the early 1980's.
  • 6. Mission • CELSTEC aims to research, develop and provide sustainable and evidence-based solutions for the advancement of learning at work, at school, at home and on the move. • This is accomplished by combining state-of-the-art research in the learning sciences with the innovative powers of new media, mobile devices and the Internet.
  • 7. Activities of CELSTEC • Three programmes, each with three themes: – Learning and Cognition – Learning Networks for Professional Development – Learning Media • Each programme integrates three activities: – Research Activities – Laboratory Activities for Open Innovations – Providing Solutions and Services to the market • Institute for Education & Training – MSc Learning Sciences – Commercial Training (provided by the staff of 3 programmes) • Temporary Strategic Programmes – Lifelong Learning Services – OUNL related programmes (e.g. IPO) – Open Educational Resources
  • 8. The Learning & Cognition Programme • Objective: Improve education & training at schools and in- company by providing efficient arrangements • Target Users of the results: Teachers, trainers, managers in schools, universities, training companies • Three themes: – learning tasks – learning environments – learning assessments
  • 9. The Learning Networks Programme • Objective: Improve professional development by providing efficient network-oriented methods and technologies • Target Users of the results: Professionals, Human Resource Managers, Managers of SME's & employment agencies, regions, cities,unions, sector organisations • Three themes: – professional development – learning network services – professional communities
  • 10. The Learning Media Programme • Objective: Improve the learning experience by utilizing the innovative power of new media, mobile devices and the Internet • Target Users of the results: Innovators in Education, Training and Human Resource Management • Three themes: – immersive media – mobile media – social media
  • 11. Staff • CELSTEC employes over a 110 FTE professionals from over 18 different countries: - Full, Associate & Assistent Professors - Post Docs - Ph.D. Students (90% of them are employed) - Media Specialists - Administrative and Support Staff • 53% of the staff is payed from primary funding, 47% is employed on secondary (national science foundation, EU research) and tertiary (industry contracts) budgets • The institute has the collaborate with national and international partners where possible (co-development, co-research, etc.)
  • 12. CELSTEC Laboratory Introduction 12 1
  • 13. Directed by Celstec Directed by partners Laboratory R&D Experiments Implementation Appliance Celstec staff Partner staff
  • 14. CELSTEC Laboratory • Open Innovation Policy • Experimentation stage of CELSTEC’s innovation model; • Supports knowledge creation, knowledge emergence and knowledge dissemination • Develops and offers innovation services on behalf of third parties;
  • 15. Work - Innovation - Place • atmosphere that is essentially different from regular office ambiance; • will serve as a test plot for hot desking (‘flexplekken’). 15 6
  • 16. Structure, Facilities, and current Educational Scenarios 16 7
  • 17. Basic idea: user contexts • @home • @work • @school • What does this mean for the @education provider? http://flickr.com/photos/kjarrett/1195498600/sizes/l/#cc_license 17 8
  • 20. Open Scenarios and Facilities 20 14
  • 21. Currently Implemented Scenarios • #ES1 Content Engineering for Education in OER • #ES2 Multi User Gaming and Simulations • #LR1 Rapid Content Production in Classroom Situations • #LR2 Remote Teaching and Peer Group Learning • #ML1- Free Educational Games and Infotainment • #ML2- Second Life • #ML3 - Content Production with Social Media Tools • #TR1 Innovation in the Workplace, Brainstorming • #TR2 Idea Collection and Structuring 21 15
  • 23. Why Mobile Social Software for Learning? • Knowledge acquisition in a cultural context and the integration in a community of practice (Wenger& Lave, 1991) • Learning is always situated within its application and the community of practice (Mandl, Gruber, & Renkl, 1995) • Reflection in action and reflection about action (D. A. Schön, 1983; D.A. Schön, 1987) 23
  • 24. A Reference Model of Mobile Social Software (DeJong, Specht & Koper, 2007) 24
  • 26. Content … – Content, describes applications based on the artefacts exchanged and shared by users. 26
  • 27. Different forms of Content • The MOBILearn project combined multimedia content creation, content delivery and stores context metadata about that content. • KLIV project (Eva Brandt & Hillgren, 2003) delivered video content to PDAs used by nurses. • xTask adds the collaborative editing of content and instant messaging for discussing the content. • Environmental Detectives (Klopfer, Squire, & Jenkins, 2002) is an example that along with content creation stores location metadata - RAFT project, which demonstrated effects on classroom engagement and participation with the integration of authentic learning materials from remote field trips (Bergin et al., 2007) 27
  • 28. Context … – Context, describes applications based on the context parameters taken into account for learning support. 28
  • 29. Context taken into Account • Individuality Context, includes information about objects and users in the real world as also information about groups and the attributes or properties the members have in common. • Time Context, basically this dimension ranges from simple points in time to ranges, intervals and a complete history of entities. • Locations Context, are divided into quantitative and qualitative location models, which allow to work with absolute and relative positions. • Activity Context, reflects the entities goals, tasks, and actions. • Relations Context, captures the relation an entity has establish to other entities, and describes social, functional, 29
  • 30. Purpose … – Purpose, describes applications according to the goals and methods of the system for enabling learning. 30
  • 31. Purpose • Social Software in General: Identity management, information sharing, relationship management (Richter &Koch, 2007) • Sharing Content and Knowledge: iLogbook (Bull et al., 2004) • Facilitate discussion and brainstorming: Mobile notes. • Mobile recommender systems like MovieLens Unplugged • Location awareness, group awareness, NearMe • HANDLer project offers conversation between mobile learners to support knowledge (Sharples, Corlett, & Westmancott, 2002) 31
  • 32. Information Flow – Information Flow, classifies applications according to the number of entities in the systems information flow. 32
  • 34. Pedagogical Models – Pedagogical paradigms and instructional models 34
  • 36. Behaviourist Learning - Content in Context 36
  • 38. Examples • Behaviourist approaches on learning are the foundation of most notifications systems.(SMSCoach) Moreover, the more standard form of notification systems want the user to react on or learn about some peer activity being performed. • Constructivist approaches like MediaBoard (Colley & Stead, 2004) create a mobile accessible working space aimed at fostering interaction in a community of practice. Annotation tools like Mobile Notes , used in brainstorming sessions are also often designed from a constructivist point of view. • An example of situated learning support is the RAFT project that aims “to provide a cooperative learning environment spanning field trip and the classroom”. • Informal and lifelong learning approaches are also encountered in some systems. QueryLens is one example of such a system, in which a interest community develops around real world content as music. 38
  • 39. Results of Analysis • provide more integrated systems with a range of functionality • better and wider use of metadata • more advanced and wider use of notification techniques • the use of more context information that location and identity alone and use of techniques to derive more complex context information • more attention to systems aiming at informal and lifelong learning. 39
  • 40. Once Again the Overview De Jong, T., Specht, M., & Koper, R. (2008). A Reference Model for Mobile Social Software for Learning. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning (IJCEELL). 18(1), 118-138. 40
  • 41. Dejong, T., Specht, M., Koper, R. (in press), Contextualized Media for Learning. to appear in Educational Technology and Society Specht, M. (2006), Contextualized Learning. in Advances in Web-based Education: Personalized Learning Environments, Sherry Y. Chen and Dr. George D. Magoulas. IDEA Publishing Group Zimmermann, A., Lorenz, A., Specht, M. (2005). Personalization and Context-Management. User Modeling and User Adaptive Interaction (UMUAI), Special Issue on User Modeling in Ubiquitous Computing, (15), 275-302 41
  • 42. Standards • Interaction Modelling, UML • Learning Process Modelling (EML, IMS-LD) • Semantic Web Approaches, RDF, POIXML • Sensor Protocols and Modelling, Location 42
  • 43. eduroam or local PodCa Awaren wireless mmlab-device st e c315t Produc er 1 2 System ss door T s s c c FlexPlek #mlss0 1.25 9 cont cont SmartBoard 115* 19'' Touchpanel T 79 s cont 3 c 1.39 s 115* Personal 79 s c Android s c 5 4 Container twitter, 1.27 115* flickr, tw c c 79 Shared Books eme, .. s ScanaT cont Equipment a . Wikitud g/ T s e cont cont s 1.28 s c c s s Demo 1.37/38 mlss09 .twitterw 6 7 115* c c c c 79 allr.com 84 s 84 84 s s 84 drop.io s /medial cont cont ab_mls s09 s s s 1 s 2 s 3 s Mobile mobilel 4 5 6 Langua g earning Learnin e s s s s pringsc s s 7 8 9 hool.we s g Demo s s s s tpaint.c 10 11 12 om 115* s s 79 cont 84 screen