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Food Energy Through Ecosystems
- 1. Energy Flow in an Ecosystem copyright cmassengale 1
- 2. Energy Flow • Energy in an ecosystem originally comes from the sun • Energy flows through Ecosystems from producers to consumers – Producers (make food) – Consumers (use food by eating producers or other consumers) copyright cmassengale 2
- 3. Producers • Sunlight is the main source of energy for most life on earth. • Producers contain chlorophyll & can use energy directly from the sun copyright cmassengale 3
- 4. Autotrophs • An Autotroph is any organism that can produce its own food supply! • Autotrophs are also called Producers • Plants, algae, some protists, & some bacteria are examples copyright cmassengale 4
- 5. Niche of a Producer • Captures energy and transforms it into organic, stored energy for the use of living organisms. • May be photoautotrophs using light energy (e.g. plants) • May be chemoautotrophs using chemical energy (e.g. cyanobacteria) copyright cmassengale 5
- 6. Photoautotroph Producer That Captures Energy from the sun by: – Photosynthesis • Adds Oxygen to the atmosphere • Removes Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere Algae copyright cmassengale 6
- 7. Habitat of Photoautotrophs • On Land – Plants • In The Sea – Algae • Tidal Flats & Salt Marshes – Cyanobacteria copyright cmassengale 7
- 8. Chemoautotrophs • Capture energy from the bonds of inorganic molecules such as Hydrogen Sulfide • Process is called Chemosynthesis • Often occurs in deep Called a Black sea vents or gut of smoker (thermal animals copyright cmassengale vent) 8
- 9. Tube Worms living in Black copyright cmassengale 9
- 10. Consumers Heterotrophs eat other organisms to obtain energy. (e.g. animals) • Herbivores – Eat Only Plants • Carnivores – Eat Only Other Animals copyright cmassengale 10
- 11. Consumers Heterotrophs eat other organisms to obtain energy. • Omnivores (Humans) – Eat Plants & Animals • Detritivores (Scavengers) – Feed On Dead Plant & Animal Remains (buzzards) • Decomposers – Fungi & Bacteriacmassengale copyright 11
- 12. Feeding Relationships Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction from producers to various levels of consumers copyright cmassengale 12
- 13. Feeding Relationships • Food Chain – Simple Energy path through an ecosystem • Food Web – More realistic path through an ecosystem made of many food chains copyright cmassengale 13
- 14. Food Chain 3rd 1 order st 2nd Order Order Consumer consumer 4th Order Consumer Consumer Producer (trapped sunlight & stored food) copyright cmassengale 14
- 15. Name the Producer, Consumers & Decomposers in this food chain: copyright cmassengale 15
- 16. Food Web copyright cmassengale 17
- 17. copyright cmassengale 18
- 18. Trophic Levels Each Level In A Food Chain or Food Web is a Trophic Level. • Producers – Always The First Trophic Level – How Energy Enters The System • Herbivores – Second Trophic Level copyright cmassengale 19
- 19. Trophic Levels • Carnivores/Omnivores – Make Up The Remaining Trophic Levels Each level depends on the one below it for energy. copyright cmassengale 20
- 20. Ecological Pyramids Graphic Representations Of The Relative Amounts of Energy or Matter At Each Trophic Level May be: Energy Pyramid Biomass Pyramid Pyramid of Numbers copyright cmassengale 21
- 21. Energy Pyramid copyright cmassengale 22
- 22. Biomass Pyramid copyright cmassengale 23
- 23. Pyramid of Numbers copyright cmassengale 24
- 24. copyright cmassengale 25