This is my lesson in my Media Laws and Ethics class at the University of San Jose Recoletos in Cebu City.

1. PLAGIARISM
Both a crime and an ethical
violation

2. What is PLAGIARISM?
Source: www.plagiarism.org
…is the use of another's original words or
ideas as though they were your own.

3. What is PLAGIARISM?
Source: www.plagiarism.org
…is the use of another's original words or
ideas as though they were your own.
Source: Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
• to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another)
as one's own
• to use (another's production) without crediting the
source
• to commit literary theft
• to present as new and original an idea or product
derived from an existing source.

4. But can words and ideas really be
stolen?

5. But can words and ideas really be
stolen?
• The expression of original ideas is
considered intellectual property, and is
protected by copyright laws, just like original
inventions.
• Almost all forms of expression fall under
copyright protection as long as they are
recorded in some way (such as a book or a
computer file).

6. What are considered plagiarism?

7. What are considered plagiarism?
• Turning in someone else's work as your own
• Copying words or ideas from someone else without
giving credit.
• Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
• Giving incorrect information about the source of a
quotation.
• Changing words but copying the sentence structure
of a source without giving credit.
• Copying so many words or ideas from a source that
it makes up the majority of your work, whether you
give credit or not.

8. Types of PLAGIARISM
1-Sources NOT Cited 2-Sources CITED (but
still plagiarized)
•The Ghost Writer
•The Photocopy •The Forgotten Footnote
•The Potluck Paper •The Misinformer
•The Poor Disguise •The Too-Perfect
•The Labor of Laziness Paraphrase
•The Self-Stealer •The Resourceful Citer
•The Perfect Crime

9. Types of PLAGIARISM
1-Sources NOT Cited
•The Ghost Writer
•The Photocopy The writer turns in
•The Potluck Paper another's work, word-
•The Poor Disguise for-word, as his or her
own.
•The Labor of
Laziness
•The Self-Stealer

10. Types of PLAGIARISM
1-Sources NOT Cited
•The Ghost Writer
•The Photocopy The writer copies
•The Potluck Paper significant portions of
•The Poor Disguise text straight from a
single source, without
•The Labor of alteration.
Laziness
•The Self-Stealer

11. Types of PLAGIARISM
1-Sources NOT Cited
The writer tries to
•The Ghost Writer disguise plagiarism by
•The Photocopy copying from several
different sources,
•The Potluck Paper tweaking the
•The Poor Disguise sentences to make
•The Labor of them fit together while
Laziness retaining most of the
•The Self-Stealer original phrasing.

12. Types of PLAGIARISM
1-Sources NOT Cited
Although the writer
•The Ghost Writer has retained the
•The Photocopy essential content of
the source, he or she
•The Potluck Paper has altered the
•The Poor Disguise paper's appearance
•The Labor of slightly by changing
Laziness key words and
•The Self-Stealer phrases.

13. Types of PLAGIARISM
1-Sources NOT Cited
The writer takes the
•The Ghost Writer time to paraphrase
•The Photocopy most of the paper
from other sources
•The Potluck Paper and make it all fit
•The Poor Disguise together, instead of
•The Labor of spending the same
Laziness effort on original work.
•The Self-Stealer

14. Types of PLAGIARISM
1-Sources NOT Cited
The writer
•The Ghost Writer "borrows"
•The Photocopy generously from his or
her previous work,
•The Potluck Paper violating policies
•The Poor Disguise concerning the
•The Labor of expectation of
Laziness originality adopted by
•The Self-Stealer most academic
institutions.

15. Types of PLAGIARISM
The writer mentions an 2-Sources CITED (but
author's name for a still plagiarized)
source, but neglects to
include specific •The Forgotten
information on the Footnote
location of the material
referenced. This often •The Misinformer
masks other forms of •The Too-Perfect
plagiarism by obscuring Paraphrase
source locations. •The Resourceful
Citer
•The Perfect Crime

16. Types of PLAGIARISM
2-Sources CITED (but
still plagiarized)
The writer provides •The Forgotten
inaccurate information Footnote
regarding the sources, •The Misinformer
making it impossible to •The Too-Perfect
find them. Paraphrase
•The Resourceful
Citer
•The Perfect Crime

17. Types of PLAGIARISM
The writer properly cites 2-Sources CITED (but
a source, but neglects to still plagiarized)
put in quotation marks
text that has been copied
word-for-word, or close to •The Forgotten
it. Although attributing the Footnote
basic ideas to the source, •The Misinformer
the writer is falsely •The Too-Perfect
claiming original Paraphrase
presentation and •The Resourceful
interpretation of the Citer
information.
•The Perfect Crime

18. Types of PLAGIARISM
The writer properly
cites all sources, 2-Sources CITED (but
paraphrasing and still plagiarized)
using quotations
appropriately. The •The Forgotten
catch? The paper Footnote
contains almost no
•The Misinformer
original work! It is
sometimes difficult to •The Too-Perfect
spot this form of Paraphrase
plagiarism because it •The Resourceful
looks like any other Citer
well-researched •The Perfect Crime
document.

19. Types of PLAGIARISM
In this case, the writer 2-Sources CITED (but
properly quotes and cites still plagiarized)
sources in some places,
but goes on to
paraphrase other •The Forgotten
arguments from those Footnote
sources without citation. •The Misinformer
This way, the writer tries •The Too-Perfect
to pass off the Paraphrase
paraphrased material as •The Resourceful
his or her own analysis of Citer
the cited material.
•The Perfect Crime

20. Plagiarism in the U.S.
• If a plagiarist receives more than $2,500 for
copyrighted material, he or she may face up to
$250,000 in fines and up to ten years in jail!
• 80% of "high-achieving" high school students
admit to cheating.
• 51% of high school students did not believe
cheating was wrong .
• 95% of cheating high school students said that
they had not been detected.
• 75% of college students admitted cheating, and
90% of college students didn't believe cheaters
would be caught.
• Almost 85% of college students said cheating
was necessary to get ahead .

21. Plagiarism hurts everyone…
• Plagiarists do not acquire the skills legitimate
work would teach them, and risk failure and
expulsion.
• Classmates who have worked hard for their
grades have to compete with plagiarists for jobs
and admissions.
• Teachers have to take time out of the education
process to deal with plagiarism.
• Administrators find the principles upon which
their institutions are founded undermined by
plagiarism, and must devote resources to
combating it.

22. Copyright Law
A law protecting the intellectual property of
individuals, giving them exclusive rights over
the distribution and reproduction of that
material.

23. Copyright Law
A law protecting the intellectual property of
individuals, giving them exclusive rights over
the distribution and reproduction of that
material.
» Music
» Images
» Written words
» Video, and
» A variety of other media

24. Copyright Law

25. Are all published works copyrighted?

26. Are all published works copyrighted?
• Compilations of readily available
information, such as the phone book
• Works published by the U.S.
government
• Facts that are not the result of original
research (such as the fact that there are
fifty U.S. states, or that carrots contain
Vitamin A)
• Works in the public domain (provided
you cite properly)

27. CITATION—prevents plagiarism
A "citation" is the way you tell your readers
that certain material in your work came from
another source. It also gives your readers
the information necessary to find that source
again, including:
• information about the author
• the title of the work
• the name and location of the company that published
your copy of the source
• the date your copy was published
• the page numbers of the material you are borrowing

28. Importance of Citation
• Citations are extremely helpful to anyone who
wants to find out more about your ideas and
where they came from.
• Not all sources are good or right -- your own
ideas may often be more accurate or interesting
than those of your sources. Proper citation will
keep you from taking the rap for someone else's
bad ideas.
• Citing sources shows the amount of research
you've done.
• Citing sources strengthens your work by lending
outside support to your ideas.

29. When do I need to cite?
• whenever you use quotes
• whenever you paraphrase
• whenever you use an idea that someone
else has already expressed
• whenever you make specific reference to
the work of another
• whenever someone else's work has been
critical in developing your own ideas.

30. Quoting Material
• In his essay, “United Shareholders of America,”
Jacob Weisberg insists that “The citizen-investor
serves his fellow citizens badly by his inclination to
withdraw from the community. He tends to serve
himself badly... by focusing his pursuit of happiness
on something that very seldom makes people
happy in the way they expect it to.”
• As John Archer explains, “The Mountain Coyote
has been described as a 'wily' and 'single-minded'
predator by zoologist Lma Warner.”

31. Trivial Facts on Plagiarism
• Even a small part of a work is found to have been
plagiarized, it is still considered a copyright
violation.
• While it is possible that you might write on the
same topic as someone else, odds are that you will
not have exactly the same ideas or express them in
exactly the same way.
• Most colleges and universities have zero tolerance
for plagiarists. In fact, academic standards of
intellectual honesty are often more demanding than
governmental copyright laws.

32. Trivial Facts on Plagiarism
• Most cases of plagiarism are considered
misdemeanors, punishable by fines of anywhere
between $100 and $50,000 -- and up to one year in
jail.
• Ignorance of the law is never an excuse. So even if
you did not realize you were plagiarizing, you may
still be found guilty. However, there are different
punishments for willful infringement, or deliberate
plagiarism, and innocent infringement, or accidental
plagiarism.
• “Fair Use” is allowed on some works that may be
"borrowed" without explicit written consent. These
are called "fair use" laws, because they try to
establish whether certain uses of original material
are reasonable.

33. IMPORTANT NOTE:
• Familiarize the terms about Plagiarism. Also
download/read “Important Terms” along with
this presentation.
• Long Quiz/Monday(Feb.20).
• Coverage:
• Anti-Wire Tapping Law
• Hidden Camera in the News
• Plagiarism