Risk & Protective Factor Framework: Application to Problem Gambling.
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Keynote presentation, 6/26/13. Midwest Conference on Problem Gambling & Substance Abuse. Presenter: Julie Hynes, MA, CPS
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Risk & Protective Factor Framework: Application to Problem Gambling.
- 1. Risk Factors & Protective Julie Hynes, MA, CPS Midwest Conference on Problem Gambling & Substance Abuse June 26, 2013 | Kansas City, MO in Prevention
- 2. These slides are online at www.preventionlane.org/mcpgsa
- 6. before change the factors that contribute to it.
- 9. ResiliencyTheory ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACE) 40 DEVELOPMENTAL ASSETS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PROMOTIVE FACTORS Risk & Protective Factor Theory Kernels
- 10. Risk-Focused Prevention • PREVENT problem behavior from happening: – Identify factors that increase risk of problem and then find ways to reduce those risks – Enhance protective/resiliency factors • Decades of research: Hawkins, Catalano & other researchers • Four Domains: – Community -- Family – School -- Individual/Peer
- 11. Problem behaviors share common risk factors Exposure to a greater number of risk factors a young person’s risk exponentially Protective factors buffer exposure to risk & build on strengths of individual, family, community The Risk & Protective Factor Theory:
- 12. Risk Factor A characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, community, or cultural level that precedes and is associated with a higher likelihood of problem outcomes Source: CAPT http://captus.samhsa.gov
- 13. My Analogy
- 14. Recognized Problem Behaviors • Substance abuse • Violence • Delinquency • Teenage pregnancy • School dropout Problem gambling?? – Apparently similar risk factors – Very high co-occurrence between problem gambling & other problem behaviors, especially alcohol/substance abuse
- 15. Risk Factors for Adolescent Problem Behavior
- 16. Protective Factors: Characteristics Individual Characteristics: – Gender – Resilient Temperament – Positive Social Orientation – Intelligence Protective Processes: – Opportunities for involvement – Social and cognitive skills – Recognition Dickson, Derevensky & Gupta, 2002
- 17. Source: Greater Old Town Communities that Care, Maine
- 18. but where does
- 19. Click to go http://www.problemgamblingprevention.org/resources/prevention-resource- guide03.pdf
- 21. Source: Marotta & Hynes, 2003 School: – Anti-Social behavior Individual/Peer: – Peer Involvement – Favorable Attitudes – Early Initiation – Constitutional Potential Shared Risk Factors for Problem Gambling
- 22. Risk or Protective? Individual, family, community /society? Young people who feel school is important. Young people who live in communities with norms tolerant of use. Young people who believe drug use is dangerous.
- 23. Young people who have friends who use alcohol or marijuana. Young people who have an opportunity to contribute to their schools. Young people who begin ______ at an early age. Risk or Protective? Individual, family, community /society?
- 24. Potential Shared Risk Factors for Problem Gambling Community: – Availability – Community Laws & Norms Family: – Family History – Family Conflict (competition) – Parental Attitudes/Involvement Source: Marotta & Hynes, 2003
- 25. • Single-parent household • Gambling on cards/sports • Being male, older teen • Lower household income • Competitive • Having lost more than $50 in a single month • Started gambling before 8th grade (early initiation) • Parents who gamble-- youth twice as likely to be at-risk gamblers & four times as likely to be problem gamblers Source: Volberg, et al (2008; bid). RISK FACTORS FOR YOUTH
- 26. “A” Unique Set of Risks Youth gambling is still under the radar.
- 31. “The earlier people begin gambling, the more likely they are to experience problems from gambling.” - National Academy of Sciences
- 32. •Amygdala active •Fight or flight, emotion •Decision-making altered •More vulnerable to risk- taking & impulsive behaviors Source: Ramoski, S., Nystrom, R. (2007). “The adolescent brain is especially sensitive to the effects of dopamine.
- 33. AWARENESS (low) 2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey, Lane County (“ESD”) and Oregon; available at http://oregon.pridesurveys.com/esds.php?year=2011
- 34. AWARENESS Oregon parent/youth focus groups : All parents in their focus groups said their kids didn’t gamble All of their kids, who were in their own focus groups, said they did gamble Neither sees gambling as risky
- 35. ATTITUDES Most parents & communities believe: Youth gambling is harmless Youth who gamble are unlikely to have problems in school Youth gambling is not associated with alcohol or drug use …and those beliefs are part of the problem!
- 36. 2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey (SWS) 2012 Gambling, Substance Use and Mental Health among Oregon Youth 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Gambling Alcohol Binge Alcohol Marijuana CigarettesDepression Psych distress Percentage 6th 8th 11th Source: http://oregon.pridesurveys.com/esds.php?year=2011 n=55,611 students (18,885 6th grade; 21,368 8th grade; 15,358 11th grade)
- 37. Used alcohol in the past month 3.1% 14.6% 29.5% 14.9% 30.9% 46.9% Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11 Did not gamble Gambled
- 38. Binge drank in the last 30 days 0.5% 5.6% 16.4% 4.3% 12.7% 28.7% Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11 Did not gamble Gambled Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm
- 39. Smoked cigarettes in the past month 1.1% 6.2% 12.5% 5.1% 10.8% 18.7% Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11 Did not gamble Gambled Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm
- 40. Used marijuana in the past month 0.7% 8.3% 19.3% 4.3% 15.8% 28.4% Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11 Did not gamble Gambled Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm
- 41. Skipped school one or more days in the past month 5.7% 12.8% 22.5% 15.4% 23.0% 35.4% Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11 Did not gamble Gambled Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm
- 42. 7.2% 5.0% 11.3% 9.0% Grade 8 Grade 11 Did not gamble Gambled Available at: www.preventionlane.org/sws.htm Percent of youth that attempted suicide in the past year
- 43. Percent of youth that attempted suicide in the past year 10.1% 8.0% 21.0% 18.6% Grade 8 Grade 11 Did not bet/gamble more than wanted to Bet/gambled more than wanted to
- 44. Delinquency (physical fight in last month) 41.80% 22.40% Physical fight Gambled Did not gamble
- 45. CONCLUSION? Teens who gamble are smoked up, toked up, drunk emo delinquents.
- 46. CONCLUSION? Teens who gamble are smoked up, toked up, drunk emo delinquents.
- 47. delinquency sexual behavior depression substance use gambling Problem Behaviors Conclusion: Problem Gambling is One Component of Problem Behaviors
- 48. Protective Factors & Gambling 60.60% 29% 65.90% 21.80% Strong Positive Youth development Depression Gambled Did not gamble
- 49. 43.80% 32.90% 53.70% 23.20% Likes school absenteeism Gambled Did not gamble Protective Factors & Gambling
- 50. Protective Factors & Gambling Lussier et al (2007): Social bonding & personal competence related to lower gambling severity.
- 51. SO NOW WHAT? PREVENTION in action
- 52. • Tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use and abuse • Delinquency and crime • Premature or unsafe sex • Depression and suicidality • School failure, dropout Scientific consensus is that that we can prevent these problems
- 53. By creating nurturing environments using EVIDENCE-BASED PREVENTION PRACTICES
- 54. Pre- conceptio n Prenatal/ Infancy Early Childhood Childhood Early Adolescence Adolescence Family • Prenatal care • Home visiting • Evidence-based parenting programs • Evidence-based kernels Schools • High-quality preschool and daycare • Classroom-based prevention curricula • Evidence-based kernels • Afterschool programs Community • Community organizing to improve neighborhood environments • Support for evidence-based strategies • Support for out-of-school activities • Evidence-based kernels Policy • Community members have ensured access to services to meet basic needs • Promotion and support of healthy lifestyles • Policy to promote and support evidence-based strategies Prevention strategies by developmental phase and domain Source: Project WEAVE, 2011
- 55. The right support to the right people Ideally, we would have varying levels of support to meet the needs of diverse youth and their families.Size of population affected More intensive for at- risk youth and families ~15% Most intensive interventions for the youth and families at highest risk ~10% Universal supports for all youth and families ~75% Source: Project WEAVE, 2011
- 56. Evidence-based prevention is a good investment $61 $120 $880 $1,200 $15 $30,828 $79,935 $94,900 $50 $5,050 $10,050 $15,050 $20,050 Annual cost per person per family Source: Project WEAVE, 2011
- 57. Evidence-based prevention programs save money • On average, for every dollar invested in these evidence-based prevention programs nationwide… – $6 was saved with Project Alert – $8 was saved with Adolescent Transitions Program – $11 was saved with Strengthening Families 10-14 – $35 was saved with Good Behavior Game We can expect all of these to work with problem gambling!
- 58. It’s ALL of us. NOT JUST programs OR those prevention people.
- 60. More links: Consider doing one of your assignments on a vulnerable population group we didn’t get to explore. National Registry of Effective Prevention Practices (NREPP) (SAMHSA) “Best Intentions Aren’t Enough: Techniques for Using Research & Data to Develop New Evidence- Informed Prevention Programs” (U.S. Dept of H&HS, 2013)
- 61. preventionlane For more info & resources, visit preventionlane preventionlane