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The USA Patriot Act
The USA Patriot Act 
 Formal definition: the UUnniittiinngg aanndd SSttrreennggtthheenniinngg 
AAmmeerriiccaa bbyy PPrroovviiddiinngg TToooollss RReeqquuiirreedd TToo 
IInntteerrcceepptt aanndd OObbssttrruucctt TTeerrrroorriissmm ((UUSSAAPPAA))
History Behind The Computing 
Policies of the USAPA 
 Attorney GGeenneerraall JJoohhnn AAsshhccrroofftt 
 HHiiss vviieewwss oonn ccyybbeerr--ccrriimmee iinn tthhee UUnniitteedd 
SSttaatteess pprree--99//1111 
 MMaayy 2222,, 220011
Terrorism In the U.S. 
 DDoommeessttiicc vvss.. IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall 
tteerrrroorriissmm 
 TThhee nneeeedd ttoo ffiigghhtt tteerrrroorriissmm 
 RReellaattiioonn ttoo ccoommppuuttiinngg 
 TThhee ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt’’ss ssoolluuttiioonn
What is the Patriot Act? 
 AAnnttii--tteerrrroorriissmm lleeggiissllaattiivvee ddooccuummeenntt 
 AAddddrreesssseess ccyybbeerr ccrriimmeess iissssuueess 
 FFuunnddaammeennttaall pprriivvaaccyy vvss.. sseeccuurriittyy iissssuueess 
 CCrreeaatteess nneeww llaawwss // AAppppeennddss OOlldd LLaawwss
Some of the Major Provisions 
 Court subpoena nnoo lloonnggeerr nneeeeddeedd ffoorr IISSPP’’ss ttoo ggiivvee 
iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn 
 CCoommppuutteerr ccrriimmeess aarree nnooww ““tteerrrroorriisstt”” ooffffeennsseess 
 IISSPP’’ss hhaavvee ttoo ggiivvee uupp mmoorree uusseerr iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn 
 CCoouurrtt oorrddeerrss nnoo lloonnggeerr nneeeeddeedd ffoorr mmoonniittoorriinngg 
ssuussppeeccttss iinn ccoommppuutteerr ccrriimmeess ccaasseess 
 AAppppeennddss tthhee CCoommppuutteerr FFrraauudd aanndd AAbbuussee AAcctt 
 MMaajjoorr cchhaannggeess aatt LLiibbrraarriieess iinn tthhee UU..SS.. 
 DDeevveellooppmmeenntt ooff eelleeccttrroonniicc ccrriimmee ttaasskk ffoorrccee wwiitthhiinn 
tthhee UU..SS.. SSeeccrreett SSeerrvviiccee 
 IImmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn ooff tthhee CCaarrnniivvoorree TTrraacckkiinngg DDeevviiccee
Who Are the Stakeholders? 
 CCoommppuutteerr uusseerrss iinn tthhee ppuubblliicc 
 IInntteerrnneett SSeerrvviiccee PPrroovviiddeerrss 
 LLiibbrraarriieess 
 LLaaww EEnnffoorrcceemmeenntt 
 TTeerrrroorriissttss
Advocates vs. Opponents 
T H E P A T R I O T A C T 
S U P P O R T E R S 
L a w E n f o r c e m e n t 
G o v e r n m e n t 
A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l J o h n A s h c r o f t 
P o l i t i c a l C o n s e r v a t i v e s 
O P P O N E N T S 
L i b e r t a r i a n s 
P r i v a c y A d v o c a t e s
Ethical and Legal Questions 
about the USAPA 
 The USAPA aaffffeeccttss ppoolliicciieess rreeggaarrddiinngg 
wwiirreettaappppiinngg aanndd wwaarrrraannttss 
 AAss iiss ccoommmmoonn wwiitthh ssuucchh ccaasseess, iitt iiss aasskkeedd 
““DDoo tthheessee nneeww cchhaannggeess vviioollaattee 
CCoonnssttiittuuttiioonnaall ((LLeeggaall)) RRiigghhttss??”” 
 MMaannyy ppeeooppllee hhaavvee ssttrroonngg rreesseerrvvaattiioonnss aabboouutt 
tthhee nneeeedd ffoorr pprriivvaaccyy.. ““DDoo tthheessee nneeww 
ppoolliicciieess vviioollaattee tthhee rriigghhtt ttoo pprriivvaaccyy??””
Ethical and Legal Questions 
 Debate has aarriisseenn oovveerr uusseeffuullnneessss vvss.. 
lleeggiittiimmaaccyy 
 NNoo ccaasseess hhaass cchhaalllleennggeedd tthhee ccoommppuutteerr 
pprroovviissiioonnss iinn tthhee UUSSAAPPAA yyeett 
 BBiiggggeesstt ccoonncceerrnnss:: eemmaaiill aanndd iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn 
hhaannddlliinngg 
 FFoouurrtthh aanndd NNiinntthh AAmmeennddmmeennttss iinn QQuueessttiioonn
The Right to Privacy 
 Not expressly ggiivveenn iinn tthhee CCoonnssttiittuuttiioonn 
 FFoouurrtthh AAmmeennddmmeenntt iiss aa ccoommppeelllliinngg 
aarrgguummeenntt ffoorr pprriivvaaccyy bbeeccaauussee iitt gguuaarraanntteeeess 
tthhee rriigghhtt ttoo bbee sseeccuurree iinn oonnee’’ss oowwnn ppeerrssoonn,, 
hhoouussee,, aanndd ppaappeerrss 
 FFiifftthh AAmmeennddmmeenntt pprrootteeccttss ppeeooppllee ffrroomm 
ddiivvuullggiinngg cceerrttaaiinn iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn 
 NNiinntthh AAmmeennddmmeenntt ggrraannttss rriigghhttss nnoott 
eexxpprreessssllyy ggiivveenn iinn tthhee CCoonnssttiittuuttiioonn
The Right to Search only with 
Probable Cause 
 Email iinntteerrcceeppttiioonn hhaass bbeeeenn ttrreeaatteedd iinn tthhee 
UUSSAAPPAA aass ssiimmiillaarr ttoo wwiirreettaappppiinngg 
 FFoouurrtthh AAmmeennddmmeenntt rreeqquuiirreess pprroobbaabbllee ccaauussee 
ffoorr tthhee iissssuuee ooff aa wwaarrrraanntt 
 IInn KKaattzz vvss.. UU..SS.. 11996677,, tthhee SSuupprreemmee CCoouurrtt 
ssttaatteedd tthhaatt tthhee FFoouurrtthh AAmmeennddmmeenntt pprrootteeccttss 
ppeeooppllee,, nnoott ppllaacceess.. WWhhaatt aa ppeerrssoonn sseeeekkss ttoo 
kkeeeepp pprriivvaattee iiss ccoonnssttiittuuttiioonnaallllyy pprrootteecctteedd 
((pphhoonnee ccoonnvveerrssaattiioonnss iinncclluuddeedd))
To reiterate: 
 s Who are the major siiddeess iinn tthhee aarrgguummeenntt ffoorr 
aanndd aaggaaiinnsstt tthhee PPaattrriioott AAcctt?? 
 UU..SS.. GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt ooffffiicceess ssuucchh aass tthhee 
WWhhiitteehhoouussee,, CCIIAA,, FFBBII,, aanndd DDeepptt.. ooff JJuussttiiccee 
aarree iinn ffaavvoorr.. 
 CCiivviill LLiibbeerrttiieess GGrroouuppss ssuucchh aass tthhee AACCLLUU,, 
aanndd EElleeccttrroonniicc FFrroonnttiieerr FFoouunnddaattiioonn 
((EEFFFF))aarree aaggaaiinnsstt iitt..
Analysis of the USAPA by 
President Bush 
““Surveillance ooff ccoommmmuunniiccaattiioonnss iiss aann 
eesssseennttiiaall ttooooll ttoo ppuurrssuuee aanndd ssttoopp tteerrrroorriissttss.. 
TThhee eexxiissttiinngg llaawwss wweerree wwrriitttteenn iinn tthhee eerraa ooff 
rroottaarryy tteelleepphhoonneess.. TThhiiss bbiillll mmeett wwiitthh aann 
oovveerrwwhheellmmiinngg ssuuppppoorrtt iinn CCoonnggrreessss bbeeccaauussee 
iitt uupphhoollddss aanndd rreessppeeccttss cciivviill lliibbeerrttiieess..
Analysis of the USAPA by the 
Congressional Research Service 
““Critics of the UUSSAAPPAA hhaavvee ssuuggggeesstteedd tthhaatt iitt 
mmaayy hhaavvee ggoonnee ttoooo ffaarr.. TThhee AAcctt iittsseellff 
rreessppoonnddss ttoo ssoommee ooff tthheessee rreesseerrvvaattiioonnss.. 
MMaannyy ooff tthhee wwiirreettaappppiinngg aammeennddmmeennttss 
ssuunnsseett oonn DDeecceemmbbeerr 22000055.. TThhee FFoouurrtthh 
AAmmeennddmmeenntt pprrootteeccttss pprriivvaattee ccoonnvveerrssaattiioonnss,, 
bbuutt iitt ddooeess nnoott ccllooaakk eevveenn hhiigghhllyy ppeerrssoonnaall 
iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn [[ssuucchh aass IISSPP rreeccoorrddss]]..””
Ethical Questions Continued 
 The USA Patriot Act allows for ISPs to 
“voluntarily” disclose information to law 
enforcement, how will the public view the 
ISP who “might” have had information 
which could have prevented a terrorist act? 
 The FBI has recently come under fire for 
this exact situation
Internet Users 
 Most businesses and home computer users 
as well, require an internet connection 
 We are the minority of the Computing 
Public 
 Most of the general computing is weary of 
the security of the internet 
 Anything that affects an ISPs ability to 
function also impacts the general computing 
public
Pro’s 
 TThhee eeaassyy aannsswweerr……!! 
 MMoosstt wwiillll nnoott nnoottiiccee aannyy ddiiffffeerreennccee 
 ISPs able to provide better service to their 
customers
Con’s 
 TThhee eeaassyy aannsswweerr……!! 
 MMoorree iinnnnoocceenntt vviiccttiimmss 
 ISPs unable to provide adequate service to 
their customers

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Patriotact

  • 2. The USA Patriot Act  Formal definition: the UUnniittiinngg aanndd SSttrreennggtthheenniinngg AAmmeerriiccaa bbyy PPrroovviiddiinngg TToooollss RReeqquuiirreedd TToo IInntteerrcceepptt aanndd OObbssttrruucctt TTeerrrroorriissmm ((UUSSAAPPAA))
  • 3. History Behind The Computing Policies of the USAPA  Attorney GGeenneerraall JJoohhnn AAsshhccrroofftt  HHiiss vviieewwss oonn ccyybbeerr--ccrriimmee iinn tthhee UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess pprree--99//1111  MMaayy 2222,, 220011
  • 4. Terrorism In the U.S.  DDoommeessttiicc vvss.. IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall tteerrrroorriissmm  TThhee nneeeedd ttoo ffiigghhtt tteerrrroorriissmm  RReellaattiioonn ttoo ccoommppuuttiinngg  TThhee ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt’’ss ssoolluuttiioonn
  • 5. What is the Patriot Act?  AAnnttii--tteerrrroorriissmm lleeggiissllaattiivvee ddooccuummeenntt  AAddddrreesssseess ccyybbeerr ccrriimmeess iissssuueess  FFuunnddaammeennttaall pprriivvaaccyy vvss.. sseeccuurriittyy iissssuueess  CCrreeaatteess nneeww llaawwss // AAppppeennddss OOlldd LLaawwss
  • 6. Some of the Major Provisions  Court subpoena nnoo lloonnggeerr nneeeeddeedd ffoorr IISSPP’’ss ttoo ggiivvee iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn  CCoommppuutteerr ccrriimmeess aarree nnooww ““tteerrrroorriisstt”” ooffffeennsseess  IISSPP’’ss hhaavvee ttoo ggiivvee uupp mmoorree uusseerr iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn  CCoouurrtt oorrddeerrss nnoo lloonnggeerr nneeeeddeedd ffoorr mmoonniittoorriinngg ssuussppeeccttss iinn ccoommppuutteerr ccrriimmeess ccaasseess  AAppppeennddss tthhee CCoommppuutteerr FFrraauudd aanndd AAbbuussee AAcctt  MMaajjoorr cchhaannggeess aatt LLiibbrraarriieess iinn tthhee UU..SS..  DDeevveellooppmmeenntt ooff eelleeccttrroonniicc ccrriimmee ttaasskk ffoorrccee wwiitthhiinn tthhee UU..SS.. SSeeccrreett SSeerrvviiccee  IImmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn ooff tthhee CCaarrnniivvoorree TTrraacckkiinngg DDeevviiccee
  • 7. Who Are the Stakeholders?  CCoommppuutteerr uusseerrss iinn tthhee ppuubblliicc  IInntteerrnneett SSeerrvviiccee PPrroovviiddeerrss  LLiibbrraarriieess  LLaaww EEnnffoorrcceemmeenntt  TTeerrrroorriissttss
  • 8. Advocates vs. Opponents T H E P A T R I O T A C T S U P P O R T E R S L a w E n f o r c e m e n t G o v e r n m e n t A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l J o h n A s h c r o f t P o l i t i c a l C o n s e r v a t i v e s O P P O N E N T S L i b e r t a r i a n s P r i v a c y A d v o c a t e s
  • 9. Ethical and Legal Questions about the USAPA  The USAPA aaffffeeccttss ppoolliicciieess rreeggaarrddiinngg wwiirreettaappppiinngg aanndd wwaarrrraannttss  AAss iiss ccoommmmoonn wwiitthh ssuucchh ccaasseess, iitt iiss aasskkeedd ““DDoo tthheessee nneeww cchhaannggeess vviioollaattee CCoonnssttiittuuttiioonnaall ((LLeeggaall)) RRiigghhttss??””  MMaannyy ppeeooppllee hhaavvee ssttrroonngg rreesseerrvvaattiioonnss aabboouutt tthhee nneeeedd ffoorr pprriivvaaccyy.. ““DDoo tthheessee nneeww ppoolliicciieess vviioollaattee tthhee rriigghhtt ttoo pprriivvaaccyy??””
  • 10. Ethical and Legal Questions  Debate has aarriisseenn oovveerr uusseeffuullnneessss vvss.. lleeggiittiimmaaccyy  NNoo ccaasseess hhaass cchhaalllleennggeedd tthhee ccoommppuutteerr pprroovviissiioonnss iinn tthhee UUSSAAPPAA yyeett  BBiiggggeesstt ccoonncceerrnnss:: eemmaaiill aanndd iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn hhaannddlliinngg  FFoouurrtthh aanndd NNiinntthh AAmmeennddmmeennttss iinn QQuueessttiioonn
  • 11. The Right to Privacy  Not expressly ggiivveenn iinn tthhee CCoonnssttiittuuttiioonn  FFoouurrtthh AAmmeennddmmeenntt iiss aa ccoommppeelllliinngg aarrgguummeenntt ffoorr pprriivvaaccyy bbeeccaauussee iitt gguuaarraanntteeeess tthhee rriigghhtt ttoo bbee sseeccuurree iinn oonnee’’ss oowwnn ppeerrssoonn,, hhoouussee,, aanndd ppaappeerrss  FFiifftthh AAmmeennddmmeenntt pprrootteeccttss ppeeooppllee ffrroomm ddiivvuullggiinngg cceerrttaaiinn iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn  NNiinntthh AAmmeennddmmeenntt ggrraannttss rriigghhttss nnoott eexxpprreessssllyy ggiivveenn iinn tthhee CCoonnssttiittuuttiioonn
  • 12. The Right to Search only with Probable Cause  Email iinntteerrcceeppttiioonn hhaass bbeeeenn ttrreeaatteedd iinn tthhee UUSSAAPPAA aass ssiimmiillaarr ttoo wwiirreettaappppiinngg  FFoouurrtthh AAmmeennddmmeenntt rreeqquuiirreess pprroobbaabbllee ccaauussee ffoorr tthhee iissssuuee ooff aa wwaarrrraanntt  IInn KKaattzz vvss.. UU..SS.. 11996677,, tthhee SSuupprreemmee CCoouurrtt ssttaatteedd tthhaatt tthhee FFoouurrtthh AAmmeennddmmeenntt pprrootteeccttss ppeeooppllee,, nnoott ppllaacceess.. WWhhaatt aa ppeerrssoonn sseeeekkss ttoo kkeeeepp pprriivvaattee iiss ccoonnssttiittuuttiioonnaallllyy pprrootteecctteedd ((pphhoonnee ccoonnvveerrssaattiioonnss iinncclluuddeedd))
  • 13. To reiterate:  s Who are the major siiddeess iinn tthhee aarrgguummeenntt ffoorr aanndd aaggaaiinnsstt tthhee PPaattrriioott AAcctt??  UU..SS.. GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt ooffffiicceess ssuucchh aass tthhee WWhhiitteehhoouussee,, CCIIAA,, FFBBII,, aanndd DDeepptt.. ooff JJuussttiiccee aarree iinn ffaavvoorr..  CCiivviill LLiibbeerrttiieess GGrroouuppss ssuucchh aass tthhee AACCLLUU,, aanndd EElleeccttrroonniicc FFrroonnttiieerr FFoouunnddaattiioonn ((EEFFFF))aarree aaggaaiinnsstt iitt..
  • 14. Analysis of the USAPA by President Bush ““Surveillance ooff ccoommmmuunniiccaattiioonnss iiss aann eesssseennttiiaall ttooooll ttoo ppuurrssuuee aanndd ssttoopp tteerrrroorriissttss.. TThhee eexxiissttiinngg llaawwss wweerree wwrriitttteenn iinn tthhee eerraa ooff rroottaarryy tteelleepphhoonneess.. TThhiiss bbiillll mmeett wwiitthh aann oovveerrwwhheellmmiinngg ssuuppppoorrtt iinn CCoonnggrreessss bbeeccaauussee iitt uupphhoollddss aanndd rreessppeeccttss cciivviill lliibbeerrttiieess..
  • 15. Analysis of the USAPA by the Congressional Research Service ““Critics of the UUSSAAPPAA hhaavvee ssuuggggeesstteedd tthhaatt iitt mmaayy hhaavvee ggoonnee ttoooo ffaarr.. TThhee AAcctt iittsseellff rreessppoonnddss ttoo ssoommee ooff tthheessee rreesseerrvvaattiioonnss.. MMaannyy ooff tthhee wwiirreettaappppiinngg aammeennddmmeennttss ssuunnsseett oonn DDeecceemmbbeerr 22000055.. TThhee FFoouurrtthh AAmmeennddmmeenntt pprrootteeccttss pprriivvaattee ccoonnvveerrssaattiioonnss,, bbuutt iitt ddooeess nnoott ccllooaakk eevveenn hhiigghhllyy ppeerrssoonnaall iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn [[ssuucchh aass IISSPP rreeccoorrddss]]..””
  • 16. Ethical Questions Continued  The USA Patriot Act allows for ISPs to “voluntarily” disclose information to law enforcement, how will the public view the ISP who “might” have had information which could have prevented a terrorist act?  The FBI has recently come under fire for this exact situation
  • 17. Internet Users  Most businesses and home computer users as well, require an internet connection  We are the minority of the Computing Public  Most of the general computing is weary of the security of the internet  Anything that affects an ISPs ability to function also impacts the general computing public
  • 18. Pro’s  TThhee eeaassyy aannsswweerr……!!  MMoosstt wwiillll nnoott nnoottiiccee aannyy ddiiffffeerreennccee  ISPs able to provide better service to their customers
  • 19. Con’s  TThhee eeaassyy aannsswweerr……!!  MMoorree iinnnnoocceenntt vviiccttiimmss  ISPs unable to provide adequate service to their customers