1. Chapter 3 Tracking the AIDS Epidemic in the United States: Diffusion through Space and Time

2. Spatial Diffusion The spread of some phenomenon (not only diseases, but also cultural traits and innovations) over space and through time from a limited number of origins.

3. Relocation Diffusion

4. The Spread of Cricket Figure 3.1 (p. 63)

5. Expansion Diffusion

6. Relocation Diffusion The key distinction between relocation and expansion diffusion is whether the number of adopters is expanding. Expansion Diffusion vs.

7. Figure 3.2 (p. 64) S -Curve Percentage of Population That Adopts the Idea or Innovation Majority Adopters Laggards Innovators Time

8. Figure 3.3 (p. 64) U.S. Cell Phone Subscribers

9. Figure 3.4 (p. 65) Hydrogen Fuel Stations Worldwide

10. Contagious Effects Figure 3.5a (p.66)

11. Figure 3.6 (p. 67) The Spread of Islam

12. Figure 3.5b (p. 66) Hierarchical Effects

13. Figure 3.5b (p. 66) Hierarchical Effects

14. Figure 3.5b (p. 66) Hierarchical Effects

15. Larger cities are generally the first to experience phenomena which spreads by hierarchical diffusion . Online Activity Major U.S. Cities

16. Relocation Diffusion Expansion Diffusion Hierarchical Effects Contagious Effects Hierarchical Effects Contagious Effects

17. A biased innovation a barrier to diffusion ? or • ownership of BMW vehicles • a joke in Quebec which doesn't translate into English • the spread of certain ring tones • the popularity of a new movie • the popularity of a new movie in Spanish • a software program subject to export restrictions • a disease found only among the mammals on a large island

18. Other Examples of Diffusion clothing fads video games radio broadcasting punk rock computers chemical fertilizers for farming anti-HIV drug cocktail

19. Name That Key Term

20. A process in which items being diffused leave the originating areas as they move to new areas (i.e. the items diffuse with people migrating). Relocation Diffusion Innovations (or diseases) that are less (or more) accessible to people of a certain gender, class, age, or ethnicity. This diffusion theory emphasizes social context in addition to spatial context. Biased Innovation Physical, political, cultural, or economic impediments to diffusion. The spread of some phenomenon over space and through time from a limited number of origins. Spatial Diffusion Barriers to Diffusion

21. A system of cities consisting of various levels, with few cities at the top level and increasingly more settlements on each lower level. The position of a city within the hierarchy is determined by the types of central place functions it provides. Urban Hierarchy A process in which the items being diffused remain and often intensify in the origin area as new areas are being affected (i.e. the items diffuse from person to person). Expansion Diffusion

22. Diffusion of a disease, cultural trait, idea, or innovation that spreads outward from a node or epicenter in wave-like fashion. This diffusion emphasizes the frictional force of distance in explaining the spread of things in time and space. Contagious Effects Diffusion of a disease, cultural trait, idea, or innovation from larger to smaller places, leaping over nearby but small places in the early stages. This diffusion emphasizes the size distribution of urban places (i.e. the urban hierarchy) in explaining the spread of things over time and space. Hierarchical Effects

23. Tracking the AIDS Epidemic in the United States: Diffusion through Space and Time Case Study Chapter 3

24. After completing this chapter, you will be able to: • Define and give examples of hierarchical diffusion. • Define and give examples of contagious diffusion. • Interpret a scatter diagram. • Interpret animated maps that change over time. • Calculate cumulative totals and make a cumulative graph. • Describe the diffusion of AIDS in the United States.

25. Background on AIDS • What is AIDS? • AIDS in Africa • Global pathways and global hotspots • Current situation in the United States

26. Figure 3.8 (p. 71) Population Pyramid for Botswana

27. Figure 3.10 (p. 72) Probable Early Diffusion of AIDS

28. Figure 3.11 (p. 73) World HIV/AIDS Rate for Adults

29. Activity 1: Mapping the Diffusion of AIDS Online Activity

30. Figure 3.13 (p. 80) Activity 2: Distance from Initial Centers Typical Downward-Sloping Scatterplot

31. Online Activity

32. Activity 3: S -Curves Online Activity