1. Jacalyn Newman uses toys and analogies to teach large introductory biology courses to help compensate for constraints like lack of lab space and large class sizes. 2. Some of her favorite analogies include using bubbles to represent cell signaling, balloons for endocrine signaling, and the board game Mousetrap to demonstrate the stages of cell signaling. 3. She also uses toys like barrels of monkeys, pop beads, and quick links to illustrate concepts like macromolecule structure and protein folding.

17. Cellulose vs Starch ...and the diagram of celllulose’s structure here I put the textbook diagram of starch (linear chain) here...

19. The city of the cell part 1 City Cell Government Nucleus City limits Plasma membrane Structure i.e. Buildings, roads cytoskeleton Recycling/ trash lysosomes, export to blood Power plants Mitochondria, chloroplasts Communications Signal transduction Transportation microtubules, vesicles

20. The city of the cell part 2 City Cell Manufacturing Ribosomes Maintenance Proteins Good neighbor relations Intercellular junctions, extra cellular matrix Police/ anti-Crime Chaperonins, Lysosomes Imports/exports Vesicles, endocytosis, exocytosis, secretion

21. Country Defense A.K.A. The Immune System Nonspecific Defense Nonspecific Defense Specific defense mechanisms of the immune system First line defenses: skin, mucous membranes, secretions Second line defenses: complement proteins, inflammatory response Third line defenses: B & T cells Canadian border Local police FBI