2. Geography of the oceans
Earthâs oceans:
âą Cover 70.8% of Earthâs surface
âą Are interconnected (âworld oceanâ)
âą Have huge size and volume (as a
reservoir, contain 97% of Earthâs water)
3. The four principal oceans
âą Pacific
âą Atlantic
âą Indian
âą Arctic
Plus:
âą Southern or
Antarctic
Ocean
Figure 1-2
6. Early exploration of the oceans
âą Pacific
navigators
peopled
many
remote
islands
Figure 1-6
7. Early exploration of the oceans
âą Advancements of European navigators
â Phoenicians explored the Mediterranean Sea
and beyond
â Pytheas developed method to determine
latitude
â Eratosthenes calculated circumference of
Earth
â Ptolemy produced map that shows known
land surrounded by largely unexplored
oceans
8. Early exploration of the oceans
âą The Vikings
explored the
North Atlantic
and
established
many colonies
Figure 1-7
9. Early exploration of the oceans
âą During the Age of Discovery, Columbus
and Magellan make journeys of
exploration
Figure 1-8
10. Early exploration of the oceans
âą Voyaging for science began with English
navigator and explorer Captain James
Cook
â Mapped many unknown islands
â Determined outline of the Pacific Ocean
â Sampled ocean properties
â Modified shipboard diet to eliminate scurvy
â Used John Harrisonâs chronometer to
determine longitude
11. Seven continents
âą What exactly is a continent?
â A continent is large landmasses on the earthâs
surface.
â North America, South America, Europe, Asia,
Africa, Australia, and Antarctica are the seven
continents of Earth.