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Saturn
Orbital and Physical Properties Mass: 5.7 × 10 26  kg (97 times Earth)  Radius: 60,000 km (9.5 times Earth, .8 times Jupiter) Density: 700 kg/m 3  – less than water! Rotation: rapid and differential, enough to flatten Saturn considerably Rings: very prominent; wide but extremely thin
Saturn’s Atmosphere ,[object Object],[object Object]
Saturn’s Atmosphere ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Saturn’s Cloud Structure
Saturn’s Atmosphere Wind patterns  on Saturn are similar to those on Jupiter, with  zonal flow :
Saturn’s Atmosphere Jupiter-style “ spots ” rare on Saturn; don’t form often and quickly dissipate if they do
A Storm on Saturn
Saturn, False Color
Saturn’s Interior and Magnetosphere Interior structure  similar to Jupiter’s:
Saturn’s Interior and Magnetosphere ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Saturn’s Interior and Magnetosphere Saturn also has a strong  magnetic field , but only 5% as strong as Jupiter’s Creates  aurorae :
Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Saturn has an extraordinarily large and complex  ring system , which was visible even to the first telescopes
Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Ring features  visible from Earth:
Saturn’s rings are not in order
Saturn's rings change their appearance to terrestrial observers as the tilted ring plane orbits the Sun.
Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Roche Limit
Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Closest distance that moon could survive is called  Roche limit ; ring systems are all inside this limit
Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Voyager  probes showed Saturn’s rings to be much more  complex  than originally thought Earth is shown on the same scale as the rings
Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Voyager  also found radial “ spokes ” that formed and then dissipated; this probably happens frequently
Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Cassini division  turns out not to be completely empty: It is caused by an orbital  resonance  with other ring particles and Saturn’s innermost moon
Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Strangest  ring is outermost, F ring: It appears to have  braids  and  kinks .
Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System F ring’s oddities probably caused by two  shepherd moons , one of which can be seen here:
Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Moons of Saturn Saturn’s many  moons  appear to be made of water ice Besides the small moons, Saturn has:  Six medium-sized moons ( Mimas ,  Enceladus ,  Tethys ,  Dione ,  Rhea , and  Iapetus ) One large moon ( Titan ) which is almost as large as Ganymede
 
The Moons of Saturn: Titan Titan  has been known for many years to have an atmosphere  thicker  and  denser  than Earth’s; mostly nitrogen and argon Makes  surface  impossible to see; the picture at right was taken from only 4000 km away:
The Moons of Saturn: Titan Trace chemicals  in Titan’s atmosphere make it chemically complex
The Moons of Saturn: Titan Due to difficulty of getting information, little is known about either the  surface  or the  interior  structure of Titan. This image, taken with an  infrared  telescope, shows some indication of  surface features :
Cassini–Huygens Probe
On the surface of Titan ,[object Object],[object Object]
Huygens to Titan
The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons
The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons Rhea , the largest, has a highly reflective, heavily  cratered  surface: Wispy features  are on trailing side but not leading; origin not yet understood:
The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons Dione  and  Tethys  are similar, having icy, heavily  cratered  surfaces:
The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons Mimas  is the closest moon to Saturn, and has a  crater  covering one-third of its surface, the result of an impact that must have almost destroyed the moon: That’s no moon! Oh, no. It totally is a moon.
The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons Enceladus  orbits close to Mimas, but is very  shiny , indicating a surface covered with ice crystals:
The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons Iapetus  is two-faced: its leading side is very  dark  (reflects 3% of incoming light), while its trailing side is  bright  (reflects 50% of incoming light). Cause is unknown.
Iapetus
Seeing Saturn ,[object Object],[object Object]
Seeing Saturn ,[object Object],[object Object]
Seeing Saturn ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exploring Saturn ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Other Side of Saturn
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Saturn

  • 2. Orbital and Physical Properties Mass: 5.7 × 10 26 kg (97 times Earth) Radius: 60,000 km (9.5 times Earth, .8 times Jupiter) Density: 700 kg/m 3 – less than water! Rotation: rapid and differential, enough to flatten Saturn considerably Rings: very prominent; wide but extremely thin
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 6. Saturn’s Atmosphere Wind patterns on Saturn are similar to those on Jupiter, with zonal flow :
  • 7. Saturn’s Atmosphere Jupiter-style “ spots ” rare on Saturn; don’t form often and quickly dissipate if they do
  • 8. A Storm on Saturn
  • 10. Saturn’s Interior and Magnetosphere Interior structure similar to Jupiter’s:
  • 11.
  • 12. Saturn’s Interior and Magnetosphere Saturn also has a strong magnetic field , but only 5% as strong as Jupiter’s Creates aurorae :
  • 13. Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Saturn has an extraordinarily large and complex ring system , which was visible even to the first telescopes
  • 14. Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Ring features visible from Earth:
  • 15. Saturn’s rings are not in order
  • 16. Saturn's rings change their appearance to terrestrial observers as the tilted ring plane orbits the Sun.
  • 17.
  • 19. Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Closest distance that moon could survive is called Roche limit ; ring systems are all inside this limit
  • 20. Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Voyager probes showed Saturn’s rings to be much more complex than originally thought Earth is shown on the same scale as the rings
  • 21. Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Voyager also found radial “ spokes ” that formed and then dissipated; this probably happens frequently
  • 22. Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Cassini division turns out not to be completely empty: It is caused by an orbital resonance with other ring particles and Saturn’s innermost moon
  • 23. Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System Strangest ring is outermost, F ring: It appears to have braids and kinks .
  • 24. Saturn’s Spectacular Ring System F ring’s oddities probably caused by two shepherd moons , one of which can be seen here:
  • 25.
  • 26. The Moons of Saturn Saturn’s many moons appear to be made of water ice Besides the small moons, Saturn has: Six medium-sized moons ( Mimas , Enceladus , Tethys , Dione , Rhea , and Iapetus ) One large moon ( Titan ) which is almost as large as Ganymede
  • 27.  
  • 28. The Moons of Saturn: Titan Titan has been known for many years to have an atmosphere thicker and denser than Earth’s; mostly nitrogen and argon Makes surface impossible to see; the picture at right was taken from only 4000 km away:
  • 29. The Moons of Saturn: Titan Trace chemicals in Titan’s atmosphere make it chemically complex
  • 30. The Moons of Saturn: Titan Due to difficulty of getting information, little is known about either the surface or the interior structure of Titan. This image, taken with an infrared telescope, shows some indication of surface features :
  • 32.
  • 34. The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons
  • 35.
  • 36. The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons Rhea , the largest, has a highly reflective, heavily cratered surface: Wispy features are on trailing side but not leading; origin not yet understood:
  • 37. The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons Dione and Tethys are similar, having icy, heavily cratered surfaces:
  • 38. The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons Mimas is the closest moon to Saturn, and has a crater covering one-third of its surface, the result of an impact that must have almost destroyed the moon: That’s no moon! Oh, no. It totally is a moon.
  • 39. The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons Enceladus orbits close to Mimas, but is very shiny , indicating a surface covered with ice crystals:
  • 40. The Moons of Saturn: The Medium-Sized Moons Iapetus is two-faced: its leading side is very dark (reflects 3% of incoming light), while its trailing side is bright (reflects 50% of incoming light). Cause is unknown.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46. The Other Side of Saturn
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.