1. This is
Brandon Harp!
6lbs 4 oz.
19 inches long
*
EWRT 2

2. *Vocabulary Exam #4: 15 minutes
*Discussion Lao Tzu/Machiavelli: Examples
and preparation
*Group Preparation for discussion of
Philosophy and A Game of Thrones.
*Class Discussion
*Essay #2 writing tips
*Group Preparation for Cicero
*Homework
*AGENDA

3. *You win or you die
*

4. *
A strategy of using textual evidence

5. *“He must, therefore, never raise his thought from this
exercise of war, and in peacetime he must train himself
more than in time of war; this can be done in two ways: one
by action, the other by the mind,” says Machiavelli.
* “Do you recall your history Bran”
* “And that‟s Torrhen Stark, the King Who Knelt. He was the last
King in the North and the first Lord of Winterfell, after he yielded
to Aegon the Conqueror. Oh, there, he‟s Cregan Stark. He fought
with Prince Aemon once, and the Dragonknight said he‟d never
faced a finer swordsman.

6. In teams, discuss your ideas
about applying Lao-Tzu and
Machiavelli to A Game of
Thrones.
You have about 10 minutes!
Make sure you have textual
support for your assertions!
Eddard Stark
Catelyn Stark
Robert Baratheon
Cersei Lannister
Joffrey Baratheon
Tyrion Lannister
The Night‟s Watch
Khal Drogo
Daenerys Targaryen
Viserys Targaryen
Petyr Baelish
Lord Stannis
Syrio Forel

7. *The
Starks

8. * “All streams flow to the sea because it is
lower than they are. Humility gives it its
power. If you want to govern the people,
you must place yourself below them. If you
want to lead the people, you must learn
how to follow them” (Lao Tzu 30 v 66).
* “[Arya‟s] father used to say that a lord
needed to eat with his men, if he hoped to
keep them. “Know the men who follow
you,” she heard him tell Robb once, ” and
let them know you. Don‟t ask your men to
die for a stranger.”
Eddard Stark

9. *“I have just three things to teach:
simplicity, patience, compassion.
These three are your greatest
treasures.
Simple in actions and in thoughts,
you return to the source of being.
Patient with both friends and
enemies,
you accord with the way things are.
Compassionate toward yourself,
you reconcile all beings in the
world” (Lao Tzu)
*“I will not be part of
murder, Robert. Do as
you will, but do not
ask me to fix my seal
to it” (354; Eddard
Stark to Robert
Baratheon about the
plot to kill Daenerys
and her unborn child).

10. “The man was an oathbreaker, a deserter from the Night‟s
Watch. No man is more dangerous. The deserter knows his
life is forfeit if he is taken, so he will not flinch from any
crime, no matter how vile. [. . .] If you would take a man‟s
life, you owe it to him to look into his eyes and hear his final
words. And if you cannot bear to do that, then perhaps the
man does not deserve to die” (Eddard Stark to his son, Bran)
*
(Lao-Tzu 25)
But when it is
necessary for him
to proceed against
the life of
someone, he must
do it on proper
justification and for
manifest cause
(Machiavelli).

11. * Machiavelli says “that every
prince must desire to be
considered merciful and not
cruel; nevertheless, he must
take care not to misuse this
mercy” (43).
* “Therefore, a prince must not
worry about the reproach of
cruelty when it is a matter of
keeping his subjects united and
loyal” (43).
*
* “His father took off the
man‟s head with a single
sure stroke. Blood sprayed
out across the snow, as red
as summerwine” (15).
* “„If you would take a man‟s
life, you owe it to him to
look into his eyes and hear
his final words. And if you
cannot bear to do that, then
perhaps the man does not
deserve to die‟” (16).

12. * “it would be good to be
considered generous”
(Machiavelli 43).
* “You are far too
generous, Lady Stark. The
honor of carrying a great lady
like yourself is all the reward
they need” (Captain of the
ship Catelyn took south;
Martin 165).

13. According to Machiavelli, a prince
“must, therefore, never raise his thought
from this exercise of war; and in peacetime
he must train himself more that in time of
war; this can be done in two ways: one by
action, the other by the mind. And as far as
actions are concerned, besides keeping his
soldiers well disciplined and trained, he must
always be out hunting, and must accustom his
body to hardships in this manner”
Robb Stark
“He was Robb the Lord now, or trying to be. He
wore a real sword and never smiled. His days
were spent drilling the guard and practicing his
swordplay, making the yard ring with the sound
of steel as Bran watched forlornly from his
window. At night he closeted himself with
Maester Luwin, talking or going over account
books. Sometimes he would ride out with Hallis
Mollen and be gone for days at a time, visiting
distant holdfasts. Whenever he was away more
than a day, Rickon would cry and ask Bran if
Robb was ever coming back.” (163)

14. * “everyone sees what you seem to
be, few perceive what you are,
and those few do not dare to
contradict the opinion of the many
who have the majesty of the state
to defend them [...] for ordinary
people are always deceived by
appearances and by the outcome
of a thing; and in the world there
is nothing but ordinary people; and
there is no room for the few, while
the many have a place to lean on”
(Machiavelli 47).
* “„My words lied. My eyes and my arm
Syrio Forel
shouted out the truth, but you were
not seeing [...] Watching is not seeing,
dead girl. The water dancer sees”
(Syrio Forel; Martin 363).

15. * “[The Prince] should choose
from among the beasts the
fox and the lion; for the
lion cannot defend itself
from traps and the fox
cannot protect itself from
the wolves” (Machiavelli
46).
* “Varys the eunuch was the
king‟s master of
whisperers” (Martin 78)
* “[Robert] became a
veritable giant. He‟d had a
giant‟s strength too” (28)
* Robert Baratheon

16. *“Ned was aghast.
*“For governing a
country well there
is nothing better
than moderation.”
(Lao Tzu 28)
„Aerys Targaryen left a
treasury flowing with
gold. How could you let
this happen?‟”
Littlefinger gave a
shrug. „The master of
coin finds the money.
The king and the Hand
spend it.‟” (Martin 133134)

17. “For a prince must have
two fears:
one, internal, concerning
his subjects; the
other, external, concerni
ng foreign powers”
(Machiavelli 50).
“This child will soon enough
spread her legs and start
breeding more dragonspawn
to plague me” (Martin 112).
“They all want something,
money or land or justice.
The lies they tell…and my
lords and ladies are no
better. I am surrounded by
flatterers and fools. It can
drive a man to madness,
Ned. Half of them don‟t
dare tell me the truth, and
the other half can‟t find it”
(Martin 47).

18. * “[the prince] need not worry
about incurring the bad
reputation of those vices
without which it would be
difficult to hold his state;
since, carefully taking
everything into account, one
will discover that something
which appears to be virtue, if
pursued, will end in his
destruction; while some other
thing which seems to be a
vice, if pursued, will result in
his safety and well-being”
(Machiavelli 40).
* ““The whore is pregnant!”
The king‟s fist slammed
down on the council table
loud as a thunderclap. “I
warned you this would
happen, Ned. Back in the
barrowlands, I warned
you, but you did not care to
hear it. Well, you‟ll hear it
now. I want them
dead, mother and child
both, and that fool Viserys
as well. Is that plain enough
for you? I want them dead”
(Martin 240).

19. Lord Stannis
Baratheon
Machiavelli says “when the prince
is with his armies and has under his
command a multitude of troops,
then it is absolutely necessary that
he not worry about being
considered cruel; for without that
reputation he will never keep an
army united or prepared for any
combat‟” (Machiavelli 46)
In conversation with Ned, Varys
says “Lord Stannis in particular
[strikes fear in Cersei Lannister].
His claim is the true one, he is
known for his prowess as a battle
commander, and he is utterly
without mercy. There is no
creature on earth half so terrifying
as a truly just man.” ( Martin 433)

20. * He is the “the fox [that]
cannot protect itself from
wolves […] Those who play
only the part of the lion do
not understand matters. A
wise ruler, therefore, cannot
and should not keep his word
when such an observance of
faith would be to his
disadvantage and when the
reasons which made him
promise are removed. And if
men were all good, this rule
would not be good; but since
men are a sorry lot and will
not keep their promises to
you, you likewise need not
keep yours to them.”
(Machiavelli 46)
Petyr Baelish
* “‟Is there a man in your
service that you trust utterly
and completely?‟ […]
„Distrusting me was the
wisest thing you‟ve done
since you climbed down off
your horse‟” (Petyr to Ned;
Martin 258).

21. * “A wise ruler, therefore,
cannot and should not keep his
word when such observance of
faith would be to his
disadvantage and when the
reasons which made him
promise are removed”
(Machiavelli 46).
 “Everyone sees what you
seem to be, few perceive
what you are” (Machiavelli
47).
*“I did warn you not to
trust me, you know”
(Petyr Baelish: Martin
442).
 “I am desperately
sentimental, sweet lady.
Best not tell anyone. I
have spent years
convincing the court that I
am wicked and cruel”
(Baelish: Martin 169).

22. The Lannister family is more
Taoist than any other in A Game
of Thrones.
* 44 (79)
“Therefore,
The sage holds the debtor‟s
side of a contract
And does not make claims
upon others.
“Therefore,
The man of integrity attends
to his debts;
The man without integrity
attends to his extractions.”
* “‟The lady did not ask your
views, dwarf,‟ snapped Kurleket, a great
fat oaf with short-cropped hair and a
pig‟s face. He was one of the
Brackens, a man-at-arms in the service
of Lord Jonos. Tyrion had made a special
effort to learn all their names, so he
might thank them later for their tender
treatment of him. A Lannister always
paid his debts. Kurleket would learn that
someday, as would his friends Lharys and
Mohor, and the good Ser Willis, and the
sellswords Bronn and Chiggen. He
planned an especially sharp lesson for
Marillion, him of the woodharp and the
sweet tenor voice, who was struggling so
manfully to rhyme imp with gimp and
limp so he could make a song of this
outrage.” (224)

23. Cersei Lannister
* 80 (36)
“When you wish to contract
something,
You must momentarily expand
it;
When you wish to weaken
something,
You must momentarily
strengthen it;
When you wish to reject
something,
You must momentarily join with
it;
When you wish to seize
something,
You must momentarily give it
up.
This is called “subtle insight.”
* “The queen stood. „And what of
my wrath, Lord Stark?‟ she asked
softly. Her eyes searched his face.
“You should have taken the realm
for yourself. It was there for the
taking. Jaime told me how you
found him on the Iron Throne the
day King‟s Landing fell, and made
him yield it up. That was your
moment. All you needed to do was
climb those steps, and sit. Such a
sad mistake.‟ […] „Oh, but it was,
my lord,‟ Cersei insisted. „When
you play the game of thrones, you
win or you die. There is no middle
ground.‟” (334)

24. *Machiavelli says to be,
“careful never to let anything
slip from his lips which is not
full of the five qualities
mentioned above: he should
appear, upon seeing and
hearing him, to be all mercy,
all faithfulness, all integrity,
all kindness, all religion”(49).
Cersei [lays] a soft hand
on her wrist “Such a
beautiful child. I do
hope you know how
much Joffrey and I love
you”(457; Cersei to
Sansa).

25. * “A prince, therefore, must not
have any other object, nor
any other thought, nor must
he take anything as his
profession but war”
(Machiavelli 39).
* “The hunt left at dawn. The
king wanted wild boar at the
feast tonight. Prince Joffrey
rode with his father, so Robb
had been allowed to join the
hunters as well” (Martin 76)

26. A prince must not worry about the reproach of cruelty when it is a matter
of keeping his subjects united and loyal; for with a very few examples of
cruelty he will be more compassionate than those who, out of excessive
mercy, permit disorders to continue, from which arise murders and
plundering; for these usually harm the community at large, while the
executions that come from the prince harm one individual in particular.
And the new prince, above all other princes, cannot escape the reputation
of being called cruel since new states are full of dangers. (Machiavelli 43)
* In Machiavelli‟s, The Prince, he writes, “I reply that one should
like to be both one and the other, but since it is difficult to join
them together, it is much safer to be feared than to be loved when
one of the two must be lacking” (Machiavelli 46).
* “But they have the soft hearts of women. So long as I am your
king, treason shall never go unpunished. Ser Ilyn, bring me his
head!” (Joffrey; Martin 498).

27. * “it is essential to understand
this: that a prince , and
especially a new prince, cannot
observe all those things by
which men are considered
good, for in order to maintain
the state he is often obliged to
act against his
promises, against
charity, against humanity, and
against religion.[…] He should
know how to enter into evil
when necessity commands”
(Machiavelli 23)
* “Let a prince therefore act to
seize and to maintain the
state” (Machiavelli 24)
* “He was a traitor. I
never promised to
spare him, only that
I‟d be merciful, and I
was. If he hadn‟t been
your father, I would
have had him torn or
flayed, but I gave him
a clean death.
(Joffrey; Martin 743)”

28. *Tyrion
Lannister

29. Lao-Tzu and
Tyrion Lannister

30. If a nation is
centered in
the Tao, and
it nourishes
its own
people and
doesn’t
meddle in the affairs of
others, it will be a light to
all nations of the world”
(Lao-Tzu 29).
The Night‟s Watch
“the Night’s Watch
would take no part in
the battles of the
realms it guarded”
(Maester Aemon; 553).

31. *
Machiavelli writes that “a prince,
therefore, must not have any other
object nor any other thought, nor
must he take anything as his
profession but war, its institutions,
and its discipline; . . . A prince who
does not understand military
matters . . . cannot be esteemed by
his own soldiers, nor can he trust
them” (38).
The Dothraki agree in that they
“follow only the strong” (Martin
519). [. . .] “Khal Drogo was a head
taller than the tallest man in the
room, yet somehow light on his
feet, as graceful as the panther in
Illyrio‟s menagerie.” [. . .] “Drogo
had never lost a fight” (Martin 27).

32. “A prince either spends his own money and that of his
subjects or that of others; in the first case he must be
economical; in the second he must not restrain any part of his
generosity. And for that prince who goes out with his soldiers
and lives by looting, sacking, and ransoms, who controls the
property of others, such generosity is necessary; otherwise he
would not be followed by his troops” (Machiavelli 44).

33. * “The Master doesn‟t try to
be powerful; thus he is truly
powerful. The ordinary man
keeps reaching for power;
thus he never has enough.”
* “I‟d let his whole khalasar fuck
you if need be, sweet sister, all
forty thousand men, and their
horses too if that was what it
took to get my army” (Viserys;
Martin 38).
* “Among the Dothraki, the man
who does not ride was no man at
all, the lowest of the low,
without honor or pride. Let
everyone see him as he is”
(Martin; Daenerys; 231).

34. * “a prince, therefore, must not have
any other object nor any other
thought, nor must he take anything
as his profession but war, its
institutions, and its discipline [. . .]
not only does it maintain those who
were born to that position, but many
times it enables men of private
station to rise to that position”
(Machiavelli 40).
*“I‟d let his whole khalasar fuck
Viserys Targaryen
you if need be, sweet sister, all
forty thousand men, and their
horses too if that was what it
took to get my army. (Viserys
to Daenerys about wedding
Khal Drogo)

35. *Machiavelli argues that
“a prince who does not
understand military
matters… cannot be
esteemed by his own
soldiers, nor can he
trust them”(Machiavelli
40).
*“My brother will never
take back the Seven
Kingdoms… He could
not lead an army even
if my lord husband
gave him one”
(Daenerys; Martin
233).

36. * Do you agree with Machiavelli’s thesis that
stability and power are the only qualities
that matter in the evaluation of
governments? If not, what else matters?
* Can we have Lao-Tzu’s peace, even though
there is ambition, materialism, war, and
famine on earth? How is it possible?
*

37. *

38. * Write about literature in the present
tense.
* Write in third person (avoid “I” and
“you”)
* Be specific: Avoid “thing” and words
with “thing” in them: something,
anything, everything.
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Coordinating Conjunctions
Remember, you need a comma and a coordinating conjunction to
connect two complete sentences:
Machiavelli holds that the skill of war making is what a prince must
*necessarily* make his career on, for war making is the primary means by
which he can advance his state.
Use a comma after an introductory clause:
As the Lord of Winterfell, he carries out the execution of the deserter
himself rather than assigning the dreadful task to one of his subordinates.

39. Form new teams for this unit. Remember, 50% of
your team must be new to you!
THEN, DISCUSS THE DIVISION OF LABOR FOR CICERO
Questions for Critical Reading (page 129)
We will come back together to go over the homework
before we leave!

40.  Read A World of Ideas: Marcus Tullius Cicero
"The Defense of Injustice" (119-129)
 Post #23 Questions for Critical Reading:
(page 129)
 Post #24 QHQ Cicero
 Essay #2 is due by noon on Friday:
palmorekim@fhda.edu
*HOMEWORK