special 17

1. ELIT 17 Class 19

2. AGENDA
Recitations
Class Countdown
Discussion: The Tempest
and “Of Cannibals”
Introduction to Essay #2
Introduction to Terms List
#3
AGENDA

3. Recitation

4. Count Down
Class 19 (today)
– Finish The Tempest
– Introduce Essay #2
Class 20
– Hip-Hop and
Shakespeare?
– Discussion: Homework
Grades
Friday, week 10 at noon
– Essay 1 Revisions due via
Kaizena
Class 21
o Homework Self-Assessments due
o Exam 3 Preparation
o Final paper discussion
Final: See website countdown
calendar
Essay #2 Due Before Class
o Exam #3 Comprehensive

5. You elves of hills, brooks, standing lakes, and
groves,
And you that on the sands with printless foot
Do chase the ebbing Neptune, and do fly him
When he comes back; you demi-puppets that
By moonshine do the green sour ringlets
make,
Whereof the ewe not bites; and you whose
pastime
Is to make midnight mushrumps, that rejoice
To hear the solemn curfew; by whose aid,
Weak masters though you be, I have
bedimmed
The noontide sun, called forth the mutinous
winds,
And ’twixt the green sea and the azured
vault
Set roaring war; to the dread rattling
thunder
Have I given fire, and rifted Jove’s stout oak
With his own bolt; the strong-based
promontory
Have I made shake, and by the spurs
plucked up
The pine and cedar; graves at my
command
Have waked their sleepers, oped, and let
’em forth
By my so potent art. But this rough magic
I here abjure, and when I have required
Some heavenly music, which even now I
do,
Prospero gestures with his staff.
To work mine end upon their senses that
This airy charm is for, I’ll break my staff,
Bury it certain fathoms in the earth,
And deeper than did ever plummet sound
I’ll drown my book.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKrX3MzdFUI (5.1.41-66)
The Tempest - Prospero's incantation with Helen Mirren

6. (5.1.41-66)
• Why does Prospero decide to give up magic?
What does his choice show about what he
thinks happened in the past? How does he plan
to live in the future? What has Prospero
learned? Has he changed in any fundamental
way or had the change already occurred before
the beginning of the action?

7. Source of The Tempest
In addition to the speech derived
from Montaigne's essay Of the
Canibales, much of Prospero's
incantation (5.1.41-66) is taken from
Ovid's poem Metamorphoses.

8. Golding's Ovid - Medea's incantation:
Ye Ayres and windes: ye Elves of Hilles, of Brookes, of Woods alone,
Of standing Lakes, and of the Night approche ye everychone.
Through helpe of whom (the crooked bankes much wondring at the thing)
I have compelled streames to run clean e backward to their spring.
By charmes I make the calme Seas rough, and make y rough Seas plaine
And cover all the Skie with Cloudes, and chase them thence againe.
By charmes I rayse and lay the windes, and burst the Vipers jaw,
And from the bowels of the Earth both stones and trees doe drawe.
Whole woods and Forestes I remove : I make the Mountaines shake,
And even the Earth it selfe to grone and fearfully to quake.
I call up dead men from their graves : and thee O lightsome Moone
I darken oft, though beaten brasse abate thy perill soone.
Our Sorcerie dimmes the Morning faire, and darkes y Sun at Noone.
See (5.1.41-66)

9. The Epilogue: The Tempest with
Michael Hordern as Prospero
1980: BBC Film
• This is the final scene of Shakespeare’s
final play. Some people suggest this is
Shakespeare’s goodbye to his audience.
What do you say?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7FGNagKR50&t=2s

10. The Epilogue
• This is the final scene of Shakespeare’s final
play. Some people suggest this is
Shakespeare’s goodbye to his audience. What
do you say?

11. Of Cannibals by Montaigne
Montaigne lived in an age of adventure and exploration, and, as
a result, he heard many tales of strange and fascinating people
elsewhere. One such tale originated from the explorer
Villegaignon. During a French expedition to South America in
1557, he encountered a tribe of cannibals in Brazil (then
referred to as “Antarctic France”). The crew returned with some
of those people they had come across, and Montaigne was
lucky enough not only to meet one of these cannibals at Rouen
in 1562 but also to employ a servant who had spent a dozen
years living among them in their native land.

12. Based both on his first hand knowledge and the interviews of his
servant, Montaigne reverses the egocentric European belief in
the superiority of Western culture. “Of Cannibals” asserts that
the cannibals are not simple, ignorant, and barbarous as some
claim, but rather live in harmony with nature, employ useful and
virtuous skills, and enjoy a perfect religious life and
governmental system. Montaigne asserts it is the European who
has bastardized nature and her works, while the “savage” lives in
a state of purity.

13. Clearly, as authors were to do for centuries afterward,
Montaigne romanticizes “the noble savage” in his essay. He
idealizes the life of Brazilian tribal peoples; nonetheless, he sees
the dignity, nobility, intelligence, and harmony of their lives. He is
one of the first great thinkers to question the Eurocentric view of
human behavior, the notion that the standard for human
behavior is white, Christian, and European. Montaigne forces the
readers to confront themselves and their own social behavior; he
points out the distance in character between the cannibals and
his audience. Montaigne tries hard throughout his essay to find
fault with the cannibals’ behavior and way of life but can offer
only one, slightly humorous, observation: They do not wear
trousers.

14. Let me
ask you!
Do you have
observations or
comments about “Of
Cannibals” by Michel
de Montaigne?

15. In
Groups
• Discuss your
answers to
the
homework
questions
and your
QHQs.

16. Gonzalo, as Act 5 shows, has never
approved of what was done to Prospero.
In his speech in 2.1 (on the ideal
commonwealth, echoing Montaigne’s
essay Of Cannibals), he expresses
distaste for the more cynical and divisive
features of government and society—
exploitation of labor, expropriation of
land and extremes of luxury, poverty,
drunkenness, gluttony. Discuss
Gonzalo’s speech in the context of
Montaigne’s essay.

17. GONZALO: I’ th’ commonwealth I would by contraries
Execute all things, for no kind of traffic
Would I admit; no name of magistrate;
Letters should not be known; riches, poverty,
And use of service, none; contract, succession,
Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none;
No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil;
No occupation; all men idle, all,
And women too, but innocent and pure;
No sovereignty—
[…]
GONZALO: All things in common nature should produce
Without sweat or endeavor; treason, felony,
Sword, pike, knife, gun, or need of any engine
Would I not have; but nature should bring forth
Of its own kind all foison, all abundance,
To feed my innocent people.
[…]
GONZALO: I would with such perfection govern, sir,
T’ excel the Golden Age.
2.1.164-184

18. Questions
The play can be read as Shakespeare’s commentary on European
exploration of new lands. Prospero lands on an island with a native
inhabitant, Caliban, a being he considers savage and uncivilized. He
teaches this “native” his language and customs, but this nurturing does
not affect the creature’s nature, at least from Prospero’s point of view.
But Prospero does not drive Caliban away, rather he enslaves him,
forcing him to do work he considers beneath himself and his noble
daughter. As modern readers, sensitive to the legacy of colonialism, we
need to ask if Shakespeare sees this as the right order; what are his views
of imperialism and colonialism? What are our twentieth century reactions
to the depiction of the relationship between the master and slave, shown
in this play? How does Montaigne’s essay complicate our view of
colonialism?

19. Questions
The theme of Utopianism is linked to the
explorations of new lands. Europeans were
intrigued with the possibilities presented for
new beginnings in these “new” lands. Was it
possible to create an ideal state when given a
chance to begin anew? Could humans hope to
recreate a “golden age,” in places not yet
subject to the ills of European social order?
Could there be different forms of government?
Consider both Shakespeare’s The Tempest and
Montaigne’s Of Cannibals in your response.

20. Sonnet Terms

21. Terms: List #3
1. Alliteration: The repetition of identical consonant sounds, most often the
sounds beginning words, in close proximity. Example: pensive poets, nattering
nabobs of negativism.
2. Allusion: Unacknowledged reference and quotations that authors assume their
readers will recognize.
3. Assonance: The repetition of identical vowel sounds in different words in close
proximity. Example: deep green sea.
4. Caesura: A short but definite pause used for effect within a line of poetry.
5. Consonance: is the counterpart of assonance; the partial or total identity of
consonants in words whose main vowels differ. Example: shadow meadow;
pressed, passed; sipped, supped. Owen uses this "impure rhyme" to convey the
anguish of war and death.
6. Elision: the omission of a sound or syllable when speaking (as
in I'm, let's, e ' en ).

22. 7. Enjambment: A line having no end punctuation but running over
to the next line.
8. Explication: A complete and detailed analysis of a work of literature,
often word-by-word and line-by-line.
9. Foot (prosody): A measured combination of heavy and light
stresses: monometer (1 foot) dimeter (2 feet) trimeter (3 feet)
tetrameter (4 feet) pentameter (5 feet) hexameter (6 feet) heptameter
or septenary (7 feet)
10.Heroic couplet: two successive rhyming lines of iambic pentameter;
the second line is usually end-stopped.
11.Iambic pentameter: Iamb (iambic): an unstressed stressed foot; it is
the most natural and common kind of meter in English.
12.Meter: The number of feet within a line of traditional verse.
Example: iambic pentameter.
13.Onomatopoeia. A blending of consonant and vowel sounds
designed to imitate or suggest the activity being described. Example:
buzz, slurp.

23. 14. Scan (scansion): the process of marking beats in a poem to establish
the prevailing metrical pattern.
a. Anapest: unstressed unstressed stressed. Also called "galloping
meter." Example: 'Twas the night before Christmas, and all through
the house/ Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse."
b. Dactyl (dactylic) stressed unstressed unstressed. This pattern is
more common (as dactylic hexameter) in Latin poetry than in
English poetry. Example: Grand go the years in the Crescent above
them/Worlds scoop their arcs/ and firmaments row (Emily
Dickinson)
c. Iambic: Unstressed stressed. Example “I think that I shall never
see”
d. Spondee: stressed stressed. A two-syllable foot with two stressed
accents. The opposite of a pyrrhic foot, this foot is used for effect.
e. Trochee (trochaic): stressed unstressed. Example: "Tyger!
Tyger! Burning bright"

24. 15. Sonnet: A closed form consisting of fourteen lines of rhyming
iambic pentameter.
16. Shakespearean or English sonnet: A fourteen-line poem written
in iambic pentameter, composed of three quatrains and a couplet,
often with three arguments or images in the quatrains being
resolved in the couplet. Rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg
17. Petrarchan or Italian sonnet: 8 lines (the "octave") and 6 lines
(the "sestet") of rhyming iambic pentameter, with a turning or
"volta" at about the 8th line. Rhyme scheme: abba abba cdcdcd (or
cde cde)
18. Quatrain: a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four
lines.
19. Repetition: a literary device that repeats the same words or
phrases a few times to make an idea clearer.
20. Rhythm: a strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or
sound. "Ruth listened to the rhythm of his breathing”

25. Essay #2 Othello or The Tempest 100 points
Due: before our “Final” class begins
Prompt Introduction
In a thesis driven essay of three to six pages excluding the Works Cited page,
respond to one of a variety of prompts on Othello or The Tempest. You may
also craft your own prompt if you like. Please see me for approval. You need
only the primary text for this essay, but you may incorporate other primary or
secondary texts or film productions as additional support. Remember, you can
also draw on your own knowledge to discuss, explain, and analyze your topic.
Your essay must be formatted MLA style with appropriate citations. There are
no research requirements for this essay, but you must include a works cited
page that includes any text you use in your essay. The Works Cited page for
this research project will include at least one of Shakespeare’s Plays. If you use
other sources, including other primary or secondary sources from class, please
list those too.

26. HOMEWORK
• Choose your essay topic:
Othello or The Tempest
• Post #19: Your prompt and
a one paragraph answer:
focus on your thesis. Work
on your essay!
• Learn: Terms List 3