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2. ICT for Education
An Overview Report
Prepared by
FLORES JEHORAM

3. Overview
 ICTs in Education – Dilemmas and Realities
 Role and Nature of ICTs in Education
 Potential of ICTs
 From Potential to Effectiveness

4. Dilemmas Realities
 Analyze Educational
objectives
 Determine Objective for ICT
•Vendors
•Monolithic
 Understand Potential of ICTs
Decision •Belief
Maker •Parents
•Automatic
 Examine suitability of ICTs
Myths •Doubt
 Plan program of investment
•Business
•Computers
•Wait
 Implement prerequisites
and •Substitute
•Techies
corequisites
 Evaluate and adjust
continuously

5. Necessity of ICTs
Effective Learning
•Globalization of
•Economy
•Information
• Tech Innovations For All
• Knowledge-based
•Economy
•Society
Anytime
•Escalating Demand
for Education
Anywhere

6. ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs for Learning Objectives
Learning Objective Technology
Text Audio Video Computer Internet
Storage or display x x x x x
Exploration x x x x x
Application x x x
Analysis x x
Evaluation x x x x x
Constructing or design of x x x
project

7. ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs for Teaching Objectives
Teaching Objective Technology
Text Audio Video Computer Internet
Presentation x x x x x
Demonstration x x x x x
Drill and practice x (e.g., x x
Language
lab)
Animation and simulation x x
Research x x x x x
Collaboration/ communication networked x
Management of student learning x x x

8. ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs and the School
Technologies on Location Technologies at a Distance
Printed matter Correspondence
Slides, transparencies
Scanners
Digital notepads and white boards
Audiotapes Radio
Films and videos TV broadcasts
Digital books Web pages
CDs Web: Internet, intranet
Computer projection Webcast

9. Access
Community
Efficiency
Linkages
Potential
Planning & Of
Learning
Management ICTs
Lifelong
Teaching
Learning
Skill Formation

10. Potential:
1. Expanding Educational Opportunities
• Radio Broadcast
• Interactive Radio Instruction
• Television
• Virtual Schools
• Virtual Universities

11. Potential:
2. Increasing Efficiency
Issues Solutions
 Dual Shift Systems  Broadcast Radio
 Multigrade Schools  Interactive Radio
 Small Urban or  Educational TV
Rural Schools  Virtual Online
 Flexibility in Courses
Learning Schedule

12. Potential:
3. Enhancing Quality of Learning
Potential Solutions
• Motivate and engage learners • Radio and TV
• Bring life to concepts and processes • Multimedia Learning
• Foster inquiry Modules
• Provide flexibility • Virtual Labs
• Allow application of information • Connecting to the Worlds
• Provide access to world of • Designing and Creating
information Things
• Bring the world into the classroom
• Offer collaborative opportunities
and communication
• Offer tutored and individualized
learning

13. Potential:
4. Enhancing Quality of Teaching
Issues Solutions
• Difficult Profession • Multimedia Training
• No One-Shot Training and Support System
• Continuum • Training Videos
 Initial Training • Teacher Development
 Lifelong Upgrading Portal
 Connecting • Internet Resources
for Teachers

14. Potential:
5. Facilitating Skill Formation
• New Workplace Realities Solutions
• E-Training  Simulations
 Just-in-Time  Competency-based
 Convenient Place multi-media
 Up-to-Pate  Video and Interactive
 User-centric media
 Workplace Training

15. Potential:
6. Sustaining Lifelong Learning
Issues Solutions
 Workers need to learn  Radio and TV
new skills  Multimedia Packages
 Modern societies demand  Online Courses
constant updating
 Open Universities
 The “educated” can
become obsolete  “Third Age” Universities
 Life-cycle pattern is
changing

16. Potential:
7. Improving Policy Planning & Management
• Management of Institutions and Systems
– School: Admissions, student flow, personnel, staff
development, facilities…
– System: School mapping, personnel payroll, MIS,
communication, information, . . .
• Management of Policy Making
– Storage and analysis of data
– Construction and assessment of policy scenarios
– Tracer studies and tracking systems

17. Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Growth in ICT Access
Millions
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Main telephone lines (millions) Mobile cellular subscribers (millions) Personal computers (millions) Internet users (millions)

18. Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Telephones, Cellular phones and PCs per 1,000 inhabitants
140
120
100
Telephone subscribers/100 Inhabitants
Cellular subscribers/100 Inhabitants
80
PCs/100 inhabitants
60
40
20
0
Africa America w/o US US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD
& Canada

19. Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Internet hosts and users per 10,000 inhabitants
6000
5000
Internet Hosts/10,000
4000 inhabitants
Internet Users/10,000 inhabitants
3000
2000
1000
0
Africa America w/o US US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD
& Canada

20. Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
• ICT access varies within countries
• Disparities is magnified by gender factor
• ICT access contributes to escape from poverty
• ICT access for all requires attention to
– Infrastructure
– Cost
– Laws and regulations

21. Radio Stations and Receivers
Suitcase Radio Station
Crank/Solar
Radio
Crank Radio
Digital
Satellite
Radio

22. Telecenters

23. Women-Friendly Telecenters
• Within accepted culture; fosters harmony
• Women do not have to travel far
• Center meets needs of men and women
• No childcare problem
• Space is roomy and provides privacy
• Staff is well integrated

24. Potential
Prerequisites
Corequisites
Effectiveness

25. From Potential to Effectiveness
1. Educational Policy
2. Approach to ICTs
3. Infrastructure
4. ICT-Enhanced Content
5. Committed and Trained Personnel
6. Financial Resources
7. Integration
8. Piloting and Evaluation

26. Levels of ICTs for Different Learning
Objectives and Roles of Learners
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Constructing or
design of
Project
Evaluation
Levels of ICTs
Analysis
Application
Exploration
Storage or Passive ACTIVE
display
LEARNER’S ROLE

27. Levels of ICTs for Different Teaching Uses and
Roles of Teachers
TEACHING OBJECTIVE
Management of
Student Learning
Collaboration/Co
mmunication
Levels of ICTs
Research
Animation/
Simulation
Drill & Practice
Demonstration
Presentation Provider Facilitator
TEACHER’S ROLE
Go Back

28. Infrastructure
Wind Power Generator
Solar Energy
Namibia Schoolnet
Pedal Power Generator
Go Back

29. 5. Costing and Budgeting
Total Cost of Ownership
 Acquisition - hardware and software
 Installation and configuration
 Connectivity
 Maintenance : 15-20% of initial investment
 Supplies: 8-10%
 Utilities: 4-8%
 Computer training 5-10%
 Retrofitting of physical facilities
 replacement costs (5-7 years)
31-48%
Additional Costs
 Acquisition and creation of content materials
 Orientation and training of staff
 Testing, evaluation and adjustment
Go Back

30. Conclusion
XTo Tech or not to Tech Education
•
• ICT ――►Education More Effective and
Responsive
ICTs

31. “We do not think anymore of the
spectacle of printing every time we
read a book, the phenomenon of TV
every time we watch a movie, or the
miracle of the telephone every time we
make a call.
The ultimate success of ICTs for
learning will be attained when we stop
marveling about the ICTs and apply our
minds and emotions to the wonders of
learning.”

32. The End