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“Air Pollutants”
Air pollution is a real public health
and environmental problem that can
lead to—among other things—
global warming, acid rain, and the
deterioration of the ozone layer. This
chart names some common
pollutants, their sources, and their
effect on the environment.
Major Air Pollutants
POLLUTANTS SOURCES EFFECT
Ozone. A gas that can be
found in two places. Near
the ground (the
troposphere), it is a major
part of smog. The harmful
ozone in the lower
atmosphere should not be
confused with the
protective layer of ozone in
the upper atmosphere
(stratosphere), which
screens out harmful
ultraviolet rays.
Ozone is not created
directly, but is formed
when nitrogen oxides and
volatile organic compounds
mix in sunlight. That is why
ozone is mostly found in
the summer. Nitrogen
oxides come from burning
gasoline, coal, or other
fossil fuels. There are many
types of volatile organic
compounds, and they
come from sources ranging
from factories to trees.
Ozone near the ground can
cause a number of health
problems. Ozone can lead
to more frequent asthma
attacks in people who have
asthma and can cause sore
throats, coughs, and
breathing difficulty. It may
even lead to premature
death. Ozone can also hurt
plants and crops.
Ozone production from NOx pollutants:
Oxygen atoms freed from nitrogen dioxide by
the action of sunlight attack oxygen molecules
to make ozone. Nitrogen oxide can combine
with ozone to reform nitrogen dioxide, and the
cycle repeats
pollutant sources effects
Carbon monoxide. A gas
that comes from the
burning of fossil
fuels, mostly in cars. It
cannot be seen or smelled.
Carbon monoxide is
released when engines
burn fossil fuels. Emissions
are higher when engines
are not tuned properly, and
when fuel is not
completely burned. Cars
emit a lot of the carbon
monoxide found outdoors.
Furnaces and heaters in
the home can emit high
concentrations of carbon
monoxide, too, if they are
not properly maintained.
Carbon monoxide makes it
hard for body parts to get
the oxygen they need to
run correctly. Exposure to
carbon monoxide makes
people feel dizzy and tired
and gives them headaches.
In high concentrations it is
fatal. Elderly people with
heart disease are
hospitalized more often
when they are exposed to
higher amounts of carbon
monoxide.
Air pollutants
pollutant sources effects
Nitrogen dioxide. A
reddish-brown gas that
comes from the burning of
fossil fuels. It has a strong
smell at high levels
Nitrogen dioxide mostly
comes from power plants
and cars. Nitrogen dioxide
is formed in two ways—
when nitrogen in the fuel is
burned, or when nitrogen
in the air reacts with
oxygen at very high
temperatures. Nitrogen
dioxide can also react in
the atmosphere to form
ozone, acid rain, and
particles
High levels of nitrogen
dioxide exposure can give
people coughs and can
make them feel short of
breath. People who are
exposed to nitrogen
dioxide for a long time
have a higher chance of
getting respiratory
infections. Nitrogen dioxide
reacts in the atmosphere
to form acid rain, which
can harm plants and
animals.
Nitrogen dioxide-highway pollution-
pollutant sources effects
Particulate matter. Solid or
liquid matter that is
suspended in the air. To
remain in the air, particles
usually must be less than
0.1-mm wide and can be as
small as 0.00005 mm.
Particulate matter can be
divided into two types—
coarse particles and fine
particles. Coarse particles
are formed from sources
like road dust, sea spray,
and construction. Fine
particles are formed when
fuel is burned in
automobiles and power
plants.
Particulate matter that is
small enough can enter the
lungs and cause health
problems. Some of these
problems include more
frequent asthma attacks,
respiratory problems, and
premature death.
Particulate matter.smoke emitted from
cars.
pollutant sources effects
Sulfur dioxide. A corrosive
gas that cannot be seen or
smelled at low levels but
can have a “rotten egg”
smell at high levels.
Sulfur dioxide mostly
comes from the burning of
coal or oil in power plants.
It also comes from
factories that make
chemicals, paper, or fuel.
Like nitrogen dioxide,
sulfur dioxide reacts in the
atmosphere to form acid
rain and particles.
Sulfur dioxide exposure can
affect people who have
asthma or emphysema by
making it more difficult for
them to breathe. It can
also irritate people's eyes,
noses, and throats. Sulfur
dioxide can harm trees and
crops, damage buildings,
and make it harder for
people to see long
distances.
Volcanic eruption
pollutant sources effects
Toxic air pollutants. A large
number of chemicals that
are known or suspected to
cause cancer. Some
important pollutants in this
category include arsenic,
asbestos, benzene, and
dioxin.
Each toxic air pollutant
comes from a slightly
different source, but many
are created in chemical
plants or are emitted when
fossil fuels are burned.
Some toxic air pollutants,
like asbestos and
formaldehyde, can be
found in building materials
and can lead to indoor air
problems. Many toxic air
pollutants can also enter
the food and water
supplies.
Toxic air pollutants can
cause cancer. Some toxic
air pollutants can also
cause birth defects. Other
effects depend on the
pollutant, but can include
skin and eye irritation and
breathing problems.
Coal power plant
pollutants sources effects
Stratospheric ozone
depleters. Chemicals that
can destroy the ozone in
the stratosphere. These
chemicals include
chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs), halons, and other
compounds that include
chlorine or bromine.
CFCs are used in air
conditioners and
refrigerators, since they
work well as coolants. They
can also be found in
aerosol cans and fire
extinguishers. Other
stratospheric ozone
depleters are used as
solvents in industry.
If the ozone in the
stratosphere is destroyed,
people are exposed to
more radiation from the
sun (ultraviolet radiation).
This can lead to skin cancer
and eye problems. Higher
ultraviolet radiation can
also harm plants and
animals.
Greenhouse gases. Gases
that stay in the air for a
long time and warm up the
planet by trapping sunlight.
This is called the
“greenhouse effect”
because the gases act like
the glass in a greenhouse.
Some of the important
greenhouse gases are
carbon dioxide, methane,
and nitrous oxide.
Carbon dioxide is the most
important greenhouse gas.
It comes from the burning
of fossil fuels in cars,
power plants, houses, and
industry. Methane is
released during the
processing of fossil fuels,
and also comes from
natural sources like cows
and rice paddies. Nitrous
oxide comes from
industrial sources and
The greenhouse effect can
lead to changes in the
climate of the planet.
Some of these changes
might include more
temperature extremes,
higher sea levels, changes
in forest composition, and
damage to land near the
coast. Human health might
be affected by diseases
that are related to
temperature or by damage
Stratospheric ozone
Air pollutants
Other Common pollutants:
• Carbon Oxide-a colorless,odorless but highly
toxic gas.
• Carbon Dioxide-a natural non toxic
greenhouse gas in the atmosphere which has
been identified as the major cause of global
warming.
• Nitrogen Oxide-a highly reactive gas that is
formed when nitrogen is heated to high
temperatures.
Chemical Pollutants Effects
Lead Brain damage and behavioral disorders
Beryllium Promotes lung diseases
Cadmium Produces kidney and lung disease
Mercury Induces tremors and skin eruption
Nickel Causes dizziness and nausea
Carbon monoxide Prevents blood from carrying oxygen, can cause
symptoms like headache, dizziness and nausea

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Air pollutants

  • 1. “Air Pollutants” Air pollution is a real public health and environmental problem that can lead to—among other things— global warming, acid rain, and the deterioration of the ozone layer. This chart names some common pollutants, their sources, and their effect on the environment.
  • 2. Major Air Pollutants POLLUTANTS SOURCES EFFECT Ozone. A gas that can be found in two places. Near the ground (the troposphere), it is a major part of smog. The harmful ozone in the lower atmosphere should not be confused with the protective layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere), which screens out harmful ultraviolet rays. Ozone is not created directly, but is formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds mix in sunlight. That is why ozone is mostly found in the summer. Nitrogen oxides come from burning gasoline, coal, or other fossil fuels. There are many types of volatile organic compounds, and they come from sources ranging from factories to trees. Ozone near the ground can cause a number of health problems. Ozone can lead to more frequent asthma attacks in people who have asthma and can cause sore throats, coughs, and breathing difficulty. It may even lead to premature death. Ozone can also hurt plants and crops.
  • 3. Ozone production from NOx pollutants: Oxygen atoms freed from nitrogen dioxide by the action of sunlight attack oxygen molecules to make ozone. Nitrogen oxide can combine with ozone to reform nitrogen dioxide, and the cycle repeats
  • 4. pollutant sources effects Carbon monoxide. A gas that comes from the burning of fossil fuels, mostly in cars. It cannot be seen or smelled. Carbon monoxide is released when engines burn fossil fuels. Emissions are higher when engines are not tuned properly, and when fuel is not completely burned. Cars emit a lot of the carbon monoxide found outdoors. Furnaces and heaters in the home can emit high concentrations of carbon monoxide, too, if they are not properly maintained. Carbon monoxide makes it hard for body parts to get the oxygen they need to run correctly. Exposure to carbon monoxide makes people feel dizzy and tired and gives them headaches. In high concentrations it is fatal. Elderly people with heart disease are hospitalized more often when they are exposed to higher amounts of carbon monoxide.
  • 6. pollutant sources effects Nitrogen dioxide. A reddish-brown gas that comes from the burning of fossil fuels. It has a strong smell at high levels Nitrogen dioxide mostly comes from power plants and cars. Nitrogen dioxide is formed in two ways— when nitrogen in the fuel is burned, or when nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen at very high temperatures. Nitrogen dioxide can also react in the atmosphere to form ozone, acid rain, and particles High levels of nitrogen dioxide exposure can give people coughs and can make them feel short of breath. People who are exposed to nitrogen dioxide for a long time have a higher chance of getting respiratory infections. Nitrogen dioxide reacts in the atmosphere to form acid rain, which can harm plants and animals.
  • 8. pollutant sources effects Particulate matter. Solid or liquid matter that is suspended in the air. To remain in the air, particles usually must be less than 0.1-mm wide and can be as small as 0.00005 mm. Particulate matter can be divided into two types— coarse particles and fine particles. Coarse particles are formed from sources like road dust, sea spray, and construction. Fine particles are formed when fuel is burned in automobiles and power plants. Particulate matter that is small enough can enter the lungs and cause health problems. Some of these problems include more frequent asthma attacks, respiratory problems, and premature death.
  • 10. pollutant sources effects Sulfur dioxide. A corrosive gas that cannot be seen or smelled at low levels but can have a “rotten egg” smell at high levels. Sulfur dioxide mostly comes from the burning of coal or oil in power plants. It also comes from factories that make chemicals, paper, or fuel. Like nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide reacts in the atmosphere to form acid rain and particles. Sulfur dioxide exposure can affect people who have asthma or emphysema by making it more difficult for them to breathe. It can also irritate people's eyes, noses, and throats. Sulfur dioxide can harm trees and crops, damage buildings, and make it harder for people to see long distances.
  • 12. pollutant sources effects Toxic air pollutants. A large number of chemicals that are known or suspected to cause cancer. Some important pollutants in this category include arsenic, asbestos, benzene, and dioxin. Each toxic air pollutant comes from a slightly different source, but many are created in chemical plants or are emitted when fossil fuels are burned. Some toxic air pollutants, like asbestos and formaldehyde, can be found in building materials and can lead to indoor air problems. Many toxic air pollutants can also enter the food and water supplies. Toxic air pollutants can cause cancer. Some toxic air pollutants can also cause birth defects. Other effects depend on the pollutant, but can include skin and eye irritation and breathing problems.
  • 14. pollutants sources effects Stratospheric ozone depleters. Chemicals that can destroy the ozone in the stratosphere. These chemicals include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and other compounds that include chlorine or bromine. CFCs are used in air conditioners and refrigerators, since they work well as coolants. They can also be found in aerosol cans and fire extinguishers. Other stratospheric ozone depleters are used as solvents in industry. If the ozone in the stratosphere is destroyed, people are exposed to more radiation from the sun (ultraviolet radiation). This can lead to skin cancer and eye problems. Higher ultraviolet radiation can also harm plants and animals. Greenhouse gases. Gases that stay in the air for a long time and warm up the planet by trapping sunlight. This is called the “greenhouse effect” because the gases act like the glass in a greenhouse. Some of the important greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas. It comes from the burning of fossil fuels in cars, power plants, houses, and industry. Methane is released during the processing of fossil fuels, and also comes from natural sources like cows and rice paddies. Nitrous oxide comes from industrial sources and The greenhouse effect can lead to changes in the climate of the planet. Some of these changes might include more temperature extremes, higher sea levels, changes in forest composition, and damage to land near the coast. Human health might be affected by diseases that are related to temperature or by damage
  • 17. Other Common pollutants: • Carbon Oxide-a colorless,odorless but highly toxic gas. • Carbon Dioxide-a natural non toxic greenhouse gas in the atmosphere which has been identified as the major cause of global warming. • Nitrogen Oxide-a highly reactive gas that is formed when nitrogen is heated to high temperatures.
  • 18. Chemical Pollutants Effects Lead Brain damage and behavioral disorders Beryllium Promotes lung diseases Cadmium Produces kidney and lung disease Mercury Induces tremors and skin eruption Nickel Causes dizziness and nausea Carbon monoxide Prevents blood from carrying oxygen, can cause symptoms like headache, dizziness and nausea