3. >>IconicIconic symbolism
symbolism
Historical & Current Meaning of Icon
>>Dictionary definition >>Book on icon
research
Jesus blesses. Jesus always holds up three fingers pointing ICON
"A BMW 325i is the self-proclaimed 'ultimate driving machine,'
upwards or downwards. In this case downwards.
Pronunciation: 'I-"kän
but also an abstract shape that has been honed down
This symbolizes the Holy Trinity, the Father, the Son and Function: noun to bring out and combine, without ever stating, ideas of
the Holy Spirit. Etymology: Latin, from Greek eikOn, speed, luxury, status, engineering, and comfort,"
from eikenai to resemble observes Betsky. "This, like many icons, presents a warped
Jesus blesses. In this case he holds his fingers upwards.
mirror to us, as if we could transform ourselves into
A common practice with orthodox priests. 1) a usually pictorial representation :
something else by using, being in, or wearing these objects."
IMAGE
Icons: Magnets of Meaning
2) a conventional religious image
Open hand. Here the hand of the holy Elisabeth. (The mother of typically painted on a small wooden
John the Baptist). Female Saints may not bless. They hold panel and used in the devotions >>Computer icons
up the open hand as a symbolic act in rejection of ordinary life of Eastern Christians
and a belonging with God.
3) an object of uncritical devotion :
Hodigitria. (The female guide). Mary points with her hand IDOL
towards Jesus. She wants to say "do as he says" or
"follow his road". 4) EMBLEM, SYMBOL <the house became
an icon of 1860's residential
architecture — Paul Goldberger >
St Patrick with his trefoil symbolizes Ireland.
5) a : sign (as a word or graphic symbol)
whose form suggests its meaning
b : graphic symbol on a computer
display screen that suggests
the purpose of an available function
Mary. The never fading rose. The name originates from a hymn,
source: http://m-w.com
which is sung in church a few weeks before Easter.
It acknowledges the Godmother as the woman who has given
birth to the never fading rose, which means to say Jesus Christ,
our Lord. It compares Jesus with the noblest of all flowers.
4. note pad
Still e-mail ?
search portal
chat room
address book calendar
5. >>Compare the following considerations in information transfer from one age to the next:
Communication History
>>The need for information has changed over the course of human history, which can be roughly divided into the following ages:
°
research
STONE AGE AGRICULTURAL AGE INDUSTRIAL AGE INFORMATION AGE
What were the means of communication during this time?
° What was the speed of the communication? What were the means of spreading the word?
° What was the size of the audience?
° How much information was transmitted in any one communication? (How big was the file?)
° What was the purpose of transmitting the information?
>>STONE AGE >>AGRICULTURAL AGE >>INDUSTRIAL AGE >>THE INFORMATION AGE
Basic needs for food, clothing, shelter and By 9,000 BC people were more settled and lived During the Industrial Revolution (beginning around Beginning roughly around 1950, the Information
protection took most of a person’s time. in small communities and growing crops. 1780) commerce, trade and politics sparked Age brought more tools, technology and
Hunters and gathers loved in roaming groups The wheel provides locomotion to begin more the change from the Agricultural Age to the information. More white collar workers deal with
of 20-30 people and only the most travel and shipping of goods. Industrial Age. Farming loses ground to manufacturing information needs and decisions than blue
immediate or important information recorded. Animal domestication changes life dramatically. and industry in Europe and America. collar workers deal with goods – producing jobs.
Means of Communications Means of Communications New Technology Tools for the Industrial Age Industrial vs Information Age Worker Needs
° Oral histories ° Oral histories continue to be shared and ° Typewriters Industrial Age Worker
° Storytelling passed down ° Photo-chemistry ° low-discretion
° Pectoral inscriptions in animal bones, clay ° Record keeping is a must with more ° Telegraph ° little decision-making
and stone permanent lifestyles –crops and animals ° Telephone ° simple tasks
must be accounted for. ° Mimeograph ° Little use of judgment
Speed, Size and Purpose of ° Paper made from vegetable fiber Information Age Worker
Communication Later Advancements in Communication ° Lithography ° High-discretion
° Information was communicated slowly ° Tokens 3,400 BC ° Personal cameras ° Lots of decision-making
between groups of hunters and gatherers ° Scribes 2,600 BC ° Phonographic disks ° Complex tasks
° Information was for survival – Where is the ° Seals 2,400 BC ° Radio signal ° Considerable thinking
food growing? Water location? Protected ° Writing 1,400 BC ° Skills
environment? Animals to hunt or hide from? New Communication matrix of the Industrial Age
° Circulating libraries Some Tools and Technology of Information Age
° Postal services ° Microwaves
° Phonographs ° Color TV
° Motion pictures ° Color motion pictures
° Television ° Microchips
° Transcontinental telephone calls ° Cell phones / pagers
° Wireless radio ° Photocopiers
° Book of the Month Club ° Fax machines
° Air mail ° Camcorders
° Photocopiers ° Videodisks
° Harvard’s MARK I and Pennsylvania’s ENIAC 0 ° Point & shoot cameras
° The first computers ° Holograms
° Fiber optics
° CD ROMs
° Internet
° World Wide Web
6. The Challenge
>>The Challenge
Despite the massive change in information storage and
retrieval technology over time, our capacity to
understand and synthesize information has remained
constant. Beth Clough, a student of library science
and the University of Maryland, offers this very instructive
historical overview of information storage and retrieval:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
INFORMATION STORAGE
3000 BC. Clay tablets 1 cci
1450 AD Printed page 500 cci
1990s Optical disk 125,000,000,000 cci
COMPUTATION
5000 BC Abacus 2-4 ips
1945 AD Computer 110 ips >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
1960s Computer 100,000 ips
1970s Computer 1,000,000 ips
1,00
00,000
0
1980s Computer 10,000,000 ips
10,0
000,00
00 s
1990s Computer 1,000,000,000 ips >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION
4000 BC Messenger .01 wpm
1844 BC Telegraph 50-60 wpm
1980s Cable/fiber 1,000,000,000 wpm
1990s Fiber optics 100,000,000,000 wpm
HUMAN INFORMATION PROCESSING
4000 BC Written language 300 wpm
Today
4000 BC
Written language
Visual images
SAME 300 wpm
100,000,000 bpg
Today
4000 BC
Visual images
Spoken language
SAME 100,000,000 bpg
120 wpm
Today Spoken language
SAME 120 wpm
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
[cci = character per cubic inch] [ips = instructions per second] [wps = words per minute] [bpg = bits per glance]
7. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
WHAT IS NEEDED
camera IS A REVOLUTION
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> mobile phone >>just another new>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
organizer >>>>>>>gadget>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> web portal
IN THE WAY>> is a revolution >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
WE COMMUNICATE
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>> The Solution >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> > > > > > >
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Communication Mix >>>>>>>>>
8. >>KEY
Matrix of Communication Limitations
investigation
Functional hand receive send output response receive send output response receive send output response
Functional voice T T T T T T B T B B B T B B B B B B
B B B B S? S?
Functional sight S? S? 2 possible paths 1 possible path
Functional hearing
B B B B receive send output response receive send output response
Quadriplegic T T
S? T T T T T T OD ID OD OD OD ID
Mute 12 possible paths B B B B S? S?
2 possible paths
Blind
receive send output response B B B B
Deaf T T receive send output response
S S S S S S 8 possible paths
B B B B T ID T T T ID
S Modes of messages receive send output response
being received and B B B B 1 possible path
understood by user S B S S S B
S S
S Modes of outputting 8 possible paths B B receive send output response
messages from
incoming source B B B B S ID S S S ID
receive send output response
S
S Possible modes of 4 possible paths 1 possible path
messages being T T T T T T
output by user S B S B
B B receive send output response receive send output response
T Text T ID T T T ID OD ID OD OD OD ID
S S S T
T B S? S? S? S?
S Spoken 1 possible path
B
S? Possibly able to speak S? S? S? S?
B B B B T ID
B Braille T T 8 possible paths
ID Special input device S
18 possible paths receive send output response
OD Special output device
S S S S S S
receive send output response
1 possible path
Same mode without S S T T S S
changes T S receive send output response
Possibilities of different
modes S S T S T ID T T T ID
T S S
Must be of a different 4 possible paths
modes S S S ID
T
4 possible paths
9. New Matrix of Choices
receive send output response path
communication mix
T T T T T T
S S S
B B B
S S S
T
B
B B B
T
S
S S S S
T
B
T T T
27
B
S
B B B
S
T
B B B B
T
S
T T T
S
B
S S S
T
B
27 possible choices
27 possible choices
10. >>KEY >>CHOICES
Situations of Communication Complexities investigation
Braille
Spoken
Text secretary with eye surgery
the grand kid just gone to sleep
Receiving
needs to rest his voice
Displaying
boring boardroom meetings
Responding hearing aid that doesn't always work right both hands are occupied
Example to
be found in
photographs
chatting to your friend about your new guide dog when lights go off, on, off...
too dim to see anything
when it's too loud too shout
question and answer time
keeping in touch with old vets checking on web for supply cost
crossing language barriers
receiving an insider tip helping the illiterate
the annoying nasal voice
girlfriend calls 5 times during an 1 hour lecture
highly contagious disease
automated customer service systems
Your new tool to people, problems, and situations
11. Icon Animation
new email icon
Steps in Usage 27 Paths
in-active
administrator 1 incoming modes
braille text voice
incoming
2 indication of the
preset method
of alerting for
incoming message
3 selecting a mode
of display
Function braille > voice text > braille voice > text
translate
1 2 4 indication the chosen
mode of display
5 selecting a mode
of response
voice > text braille > braille text > voice
4 3
output
1) braille 6 indication the chosen
mode of response
2) text
3) voice
in-active
7 finished input
4) special
input/output
12. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
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In a Typical Day
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