A presentation made at the WCCA 2011 event in Brisbane, Australia.

1. Conservation Agriculture Network in South East Asia
(CANSEA)
Regional Conservation Agriculture Project Proposal
in Degraded annual Cropping Systems areas in South
East Asia
“USING CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE TO IMPROVE FARMERS INCOMES IN
DEGRADED AREAS
PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR LAO PDR, VIETNAM, CHINA (YUNAN)”
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

2. Outline
• Overview
• Experience and knowledge on CA in China, Laos and
Vietnam.
• CA context, Contribution to Generate Income of Farmer
• Perspective of CA in Member`s Countries.
• Conclusion
5th
WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, Septe

3. Overview
In recent years, South East Asia
agriculture has experienced profound and
rapid changes. The joint process of
deforestation, new land extension and
agricultural intensification has often led
to vast soil erosion and gradual soil
exhaustion. CA has considerably improved
situation.
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

4. “USING CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE
TO IMPROVE FARMERS INCOMES IN
DEGRADED AREAS
PROJECT PROPOSAL IN LAO
PDR, VIETNAM, CHINA (YUNAN)”
5th
WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, Septe

5.  Characteristics of specific degraded areas chosen
Degraded Degradation Major annual
Country Domain
area (km2) type crop
Upland 10,000 Human Maize
Laos
Lowland 15,000 Natural Rice
Upland 20,000 Human Maize
Vietnam
Lowland 4,000 Natural Maize
Upland 10,000 Human Soyabean
China
(Yunnan) Lowland Rice
6,000 Human
 These 5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29 for others
pilot areas would be references

6. 6
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

7. Deep tillage on steeply land in Laos Erosion in Northern Vietnam
Erosion
Erosion in China - Yunnan
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

8. Degraded soils by erosion and acidity in China, Laos and Vietnam
Northern Laos
Uplands
+
China-Yunnan Savannakhet and Northern Vietnam
Pakse plains
+
Xieng Khuang
Cultivated areas 1,115,000 ha
4,600,000 ha 3,000,000 ha
Areas In cereal
Degraded land By 1.800.000 ha
1,000,000 ha Important
erosion 40%
Degraded land by 2.800,000 ha
2,000,000 ha Important
acidity 60%
Slash and burn practice
Mono cropping : Rain fed Rice, Maize, Tea, cassava, perennial crops
Farming systems
(Rubber…)
Emergence of commercial mono cropping
Very low yields
Present yield
Rice = 1.0 – 3.0 T/ha; Maize = 2 – 5 T/ha;
Poverty rate 15% 40% 31.6%
8
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

9. Experience and knowledge on
CA in China, Laos and
Vietnam
5th
WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, Septe

10. Conservation Agriculture is an agro ecological
approach associating rural development with
environmental preservation.
It is a generic concept integrating the whole
agricultural practices & aiming both at viability and
sustainability of agriculture and environment
protection.
10

11. 5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

12. CA in Northern Vietnam
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

13. Acidic Soils Xieng Khuang
Objectives
Increase pH
Correct Fertility
Improved forages Improve Production &
Brach + Styo incomes
Rice Direct Seeding
Diversification
Beef production Correcting fertilizers Soyabeans Direct Seeding
2T/ha CaCO3 + legume
Micro éléments
Pig fattening Intensify Meat
production Crops Rotation
500 Kg/ha/year Rice +Soyabeans + Maize
13
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

14. Crop residues management
“Maize Monoculture”
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Maize
cycle duration
4 months
Maize residues Maize direct seeded
(DM 5 t.ha-1) on maize residues
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

15. Crop residues management:
2 years rotation sequence
“Maize – Vigna umbellata (rice-bean)”
YEAR 1
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Rice-bean direct
seeded on maize
residues
Maize residues
(DM 5 t.ha-1)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
maize direct seeded
YEAR 2 on rice-bean residues
Rice-bean residues
(DM < 5 t.ha-1)

16. Introducing cover crops
2 years rotation sequence
“Maize+B. ruziziensis – Vigna umbellata”
YEAR 1
J F M A M J J A S O N D
maize direct seeded on
rice bean residues
Rice-bean residues
(DM < 5 t.ha-1)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
YEAR 2 rice bean direct
seeded on maize &
maize & ruzi mulch ruzi mulch
Before sowing
(DM 7-8 t.ha-1)

17. EXPERIENCES AND KNOWLEDGES
Creation of innovative systems for the Plain
of Jars, enhancing biodiversity
Rice direct seeded on mulch of B. ruziziensis (Plain of Jars)

18. Rice direct seeded on mulch of S. guianensis (Plain of Jars)

19. Rice direct seeded on mulch of finger millet + Pigeon pea (Plain of Jars)
Aromatic rice direct seeded on mulch of B. ruziziensis + pigeon pea

20. Experience and knowledge
Nutritional function for livestock by
rational use of fodder
5th
Improved pastureland, Pek district, Xieng Khouang (LAOS)
WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, Septe

21. Experience and knowledge
Cut & carry Fattening out of
field
Integrate forages in
crops rotations
&
Animal production in
farming systems
500 to 1,000 Kg/ha gain of
weight according to the length
of the rainy season
Control grazing onto the
field
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

22. EXPERIENCES AND KNOWLEDGES
Creation, characterization and technologies
 Technologies
A large range of equipments adapted to the local conditions

23. CA Context/Technology
,Contribution to Generate
Farmer`s Income
5th
WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, Septe

24. 1 ha CA-DMC in Upland 1 ha in Upland traditional system
50% Maize in association with Soybean
50% Stylosanthes + Bracharia 1ha Maize in association with Soybean
+ Animal production (cattle fattening) Conventional agriculture
No Tillage + Direct seeding Including soil tillage
Inputs 1,750 Inputs 700
Investments/year 150 Investments/year 0
Gross Incomes 3,750 Gross incomes 1,650
Net Incomes
US$ Net Incomes
US$
1,900 950
Nb of working days 135 Nb of working days 131
Net incomes per US$ Net incomes per US$
27/09/2011 day
working
14.1 working day
CANSEA - WCCA Side Event
7.3

25. After a 4 years program (Upland Cropping)
For Uplands CA is a solution to both
Research
1
1,600,000 improve agricultural production &
Small Research Centre
10ha $ productivity, increase poorest
(20%) farmers’ incomes and preserve the
Research natural resources
7
Demonstration Sites
Development
1500$ + 950 $
Per
6 400 000
Per/CA ha/year
350 Ha-CA
Validation Sites $
Farmers’ Groups
(80%)
5 250
+ 5 000 000 $/year
Families (1ha CA)
+ 950 $/ha/year
35 000
Persons
27/09/2011 CANSEA - WCCA Side5250 ha in CA
Event 25

26. Comparison of conventional (CV) maize monocropping
and CA-DMC Maize/Vigna biannual rotation
Data from demonstration & validation sites (LAOS)
Maize Yields kg/ha CV CA-DMC % CV/CA-
DMC
2006
3003 3067 102%
2007
3680 4701 128%
2008
3675 5237 143%
Net Profit USD/ha CV CA-DMC % CV/CA-
DMC
2006 150 299 200%
2007 377 735 195%
2008 190 426 224%

27. Perspective of CA in
China(Yunan),Laos and Vietnam
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

28. • Conservation
Agriculture
LAOS`s case
1- Government Decree on adoption of
SCV-CA as promising technic for Agri-
production and need for Integration
SCV- CA into the cursus of Agri-Facult
No554 dated (21/4/2005)
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

29. • Conservation
Agriculture
LAOS`s case
2-Official Ministry Circular Message on
the use of SCV/CA in application No
0372Maf dated 11/may/2005
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

30. • Case of LAOS
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

31. Perspective of CA
• Conservation
Agriculture LAOS`s
case
 Establishment of National Conservation Agriculture Centre
(NCAC) in 16/03/2009
 Promotion the use of CA in application through different RDP
within MAF (Decree No: 0565/MAF, dated 11/02/2011 ).
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia,
September 26-29

32. Perspective of CA
• Case of LAOS
 Establishment of Provincial Conservation Agriculture
Development Fund in 2009 (Sayaboury).
 5060 ha.(7000ha CA Laos) Farmer adoption of CA for Maize
production in South Sayaboury Province.
 A lot of CA technologies being used in among Rural
Development Project within the Country
5th
WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, Septe

33. Conclusion
5th
WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, Septe

34.  Conservation Agriculture has to compete with the
“Traders’ systems” offering the same level of
mechanization performance and then attract private
service providers who presently prefer make money with
the plowing business.
 Research will accompany the development by creating
innovation to be tested with and for farmers.
 Extension Services will perform a real support
 Farmers’ groups will get official status authorizing
access to credit facilities at normal rate…
27/09/2011 CANSEA - WCCA Side Event 34

35. We need supports to develop and disseminate CA according to the
three regional priorities we have defined:
- Intensify and diversify uplands farming systems;
- Restoration of the fertility of degraded soils;
- Improve Capacity Building of our Engineers and Technicians.
We need to develop new scientific / development partnerships and
new technical exchanges with organizations, institutions , private
sectors
We need support from Donors to fund regional rural development
programs based on CA to produce more while protecting our natural
resources on this proposed theme
27/09/2011 CANSEA - WCCA Side Event 35
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

36. Using CA to improve farmer`s
incomes in Degraded areas
(Project proposal)ROJECT
PROPOSAL PROJECT
PROPOSAL
IN LAO PDR, VIETNAM, CHINA (YUNAN)
Panyasiri K, NAFRI, Lao PDR
Sen PT, NOMAFSI, Vietnam
Baokun L, YAAS, China (Yunnan)
Autfray P, CIRAD-NAFRI, France Lao PDR
27/09/2011
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

37. Thank You for your attention
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29