By NSTP-ROTC University of Makati

1. BASIC INTELLIGENCE

2. I. INTRODUCTION

3. A. Definition of Terms Intelligence – an end product (knowledge) resulting from the recording, evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation of information concerning an enemy whether actual or potential to include weather and terrain in the area of operation. - the activity involved in the production of that end product which includes collection, processing, dissemination and use of the knowledge.

4. Counter-Intelligence – denies information to the enemy, increases the security of the command and aids in achieving surprises. It consists passive and active measures. Intelligence Cycle– Intelligence work is a continuous process. It is a repetition of what has transpired or become known. There is neither a beginning nor an end. There is no first nor last phase, hence a cycle.

5. II. PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENCE

6. General - intelligence operations are influenced by such element of the operational units as the commander’s mission limitation imposed by national policy or higher commands, scale of use of weapons, the locality, the nature of friendly and enemy forces and the civil population in the area. Commander’s Need - Different Commanding Officer need information on different geographical areas. Some of their needs, however, are from overlapping areas. Plans, orders and request are concerned with definite area, particularly the area of influence of the command.

7. Planning - Intelligence requires careful and thorough planning. It includes the anticipation of intelligence needs the organization to fulfill the needs and supervision of the organization. It is continuous and must be adopted to changing conditions. Use - Intelligence must be adequate for the purpose for which it utilized. Timeliness - Intelligence must reach the user on time to serve as a basis for appropriate action.

8. Flexibility - Intelligence activities are based on reason and judgment and not on fixed procedures. Security - Constant security measures must be undertaken to deny unauthorized personnel information about operations, sources of information and the intelligence product. Imagination, Foresight and Resourcefulness - for intelligence personnel and agencies should use resourcefulness for future intelligence needs so that all available information can be developed and exploited to produce intelligence for the user.

9. An Integral Part of Military Operations - Intelligence activities are integral parts of the operations of all units, both combat and service. Continuity - The basic principle of intelligence operations is that intelligence activities follows a simple continuous cycle. Intelligence as a cycle - All intelligence activities generally follow a three phase cycle oriented to the commander’s mission. This cycle is continuous and all steps are carried out at the same time.

10. Intelligence Cycle is the sequence of steps that raw information has to go through before it is processed into useful intelligence ready to be disseminated and used by the units needing them. III. INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

11. 1. Collection Planning and Issuance of Orders - This step involves the development of a plan for the collection effort, which is in accordance with the mission of the unit and the present enemy situation. The collection of needed information are then sent to the selected “collection agencies” which are friendly units and organization who are in a position to gather them. The intelligence collection planning must be a continuous effort and must begin even before the receipt of orders from higher headquarters.

12. 2.Collection of information - This step is the implementation of the collection plan and involves the effort of the intelligence sections of the unit to obtain adequate information regarding the enemy and the actual situation in the area of operation. Here are the recommended procedures to be followed in reporting information collected about the enemy:

13. Essential Elements of Information (EEI). It is the responsibility of the individual soldier in the field to report quickly, completely and accurately all information, which he has gathered about the enemy. The following essential elements of the information should be included in the report: WHAT, WHERE AND WHEN. Answers to these questions will be aid the intelligence personnel in processing your information.

14. Example: What - fifteen(15) rebels in black uniform, traveling NE on logging road towards the town of Pantao,Ragat, Where – Temporary halted at hill 124 GC 213524 When- 181030H Apr 2003

15. B. Format - a more comprehensive way on how to report information about enemy is to follow the S-A-L-U-T-E format: S-Size…………..Enemy Company of about 80 infantry A-Activity……..digging mortar emplacement and laying land mines L-Location……..On a ridge at GC 81238180 U-Unit…………..3rd Coy, National Guard Battalion T- Time…………191600H Jul 2002 E- Equipment…4 tubes 81 mm mortar 2 units .50 Cal MG, 50 Units M16 Rifles and assorted anti tank weapon

16. 3.Processing of information - It is the step of the intelligence cycle wherein all gathered information is deliberately processed to transform them into useful intelligence . The processing of information involves the following:

17. Recording - The process of arranging the gathered information into systematic patterns to facilitate its evaluation and interpretation. Recording is done through the entry of the information into the intelligence journals, workbooks, information or reference files and the order of the battle.

18. B. Evaluation - This process involves the careful examination of the gathered information to determine its accuracy and pertinence to the desired product of the intelligence effort. Information is considered pertinent if it concerns the enemy, it relates to the characteristics of the area of operation, and it is needed immediately, or has possible present or future value.

19. Reliability of Information A – Completely Reliable B – Usually Reliable C – Fairly Reliable D – Not usually, Reliable E – Unreliable F – Reliability Cannot be Judge Veracity of Report 1 – Confirmed by Other Sources 2 – Probably True 3 – Possibly 4 – Doubtful 5 – Improbable 6 - Truth

20. Dependability of Source T – Direct Observation U – Provided by Penetration/Resident Agent V – AFP Troops Involved in Encounter/Operation W – Acquired Through Interrogation of Captured enemy X – Provided by Government Civilian Employee Y – Provided by Members of the Populace Z – Acquired from Documentary Source

21. C. Interpretation -This process involves the determination of the evaluated information and the deliberate and logical drawing of its probable meaning. The interpretation process basically consists of the sub-processes of Analysis, Integration and Deduction.

22. D. Dissemination and Use -The resulting intelligence will only be of value when it is promptly disseminated to and immediately received and put to use by the receiving units. It is therefore very necessary to have an efficient intelligence dissemination plan in order that all processed intelligence are provided to units who may have use for them at the soonest possible time. Proper dissemination will also provide knowledge on how newly gathered information in other intelligence units may be processed.

23. INTELLIGENCE CYCLE Collection, Planning and Issuance of Orders M I S S I O N Essential Elements of Information ( EEIs) Format Recording Evaluation Interpretation Dissemination and Use Collection of Information Processing of Information

24. E-N-D