Open Innovation: The First Decade (ACAC)
•
2 gefällt mir•1,404 views
This document summarizes a presentation on open innovation given by Joel West. It defines open innovation as using purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation and expand markets for external use. The presentation discusses the evolution of open innovation research since Henry Chesbrough's influential 2006 book. It identifies gaps in the research around obtaining, integrating, and commercializing external innovations, as well as feedback mechanisms and reciprocal measures. The presentation also examines research on outbound open innovation and coupled open innovation models. It concludes by previewing forthcoming volumes that will advance the field of open innovation research.
Empfohlen
Empfohlen
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Andere mochten auch
Andere mochten auch (17)
Ähnlich wie Open Innovation: The First Decade (ACAC)
Ähnlich wie Open Innovation: The First Decade (ACAC) (20)
Mehr von Joel West
Mehr von Joel West (16)
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
Open Innovation: The First Decade (ACAC)
- 1. Open Innovation: The First Decade Joel West KGI - The Keck Graduate Institute Claremont, California ACAC 2013 Atlanta 23 May 2013
- 3. What is “open innovation”? “Open innovation is the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for external use of innovation, respectively.” Henry Chesbrough, O pe n Inno vatio n: Re se arching a Ne w Paradig m (2006)
- 4. Source: Chesbrough (2006) Current Market Technology Insourcing External Technology Base Internal Technology Base New Market Technology Spin-offs Other Firm’s Market Licensing “Open” innovation strategies Chesbrough funnel
- 5. Open Innovation: then and now 6,161 cites† † Google Scholar 1,230 cites 1,156 cites 139 cites Due in 2014
- 6. What’s new? • Many antecedent/overlapping areas - Technology sourcing, IP markets, university licensing, alliances, supplier innovation, user innovation • New ideas include - Role of the business model - Agnostic to internal/external paths - Rise of innovation intermediaries Cf. Chesbrough (2006)
- 7. Open vs. user innovation Open Innovation UserInnovation Focal actor Firm User Knowledge transfer IP Needs IP regime Patents Free revealing Innovation production Hierarchy Community, individual Motivations Monetary Social, personal utility Frank Piller & Joel West, Ch. 4 of O pe n Inno vatio n: Ne w Re se arch & De ve lo pm e nts
- 8. Three open innovation processes 1. Inbound (or “outside-in”) 2. Outbound (or “inside-out”) 3. Coupled combines these two Cf. Chesbrough (2003, 2006), Gassmann & Enkel (2004), West & Gallagher (2006)
- 10. Review of inbound OI • Goal: Synthesize inbound (& coupled) • Sample from 25 top SSCI management & innovation journals (+15 oft-cited) • Either mention “open innovation” or cite Chesbrough (2003) • Hand select 291 down to 165 • 161 articles, 3 books, 1 chapter Joel West & Marcel Bogers, “Leveraging External Sources of Innovation: A Review of Research on Open Innovation,” Jo urnalo f Pro duct Inno vatio n Manag e m e nt, forthcoming
- 11. Breakdown of 165 OI pubs Inbound: 118 Outbound: 50 Coupled: 70 57 14 11 24 26 1 32
- 12. 4-stage process model Innovation Source† Customers CommercializingObtaining Integrating Interaction Focal Firm R&D Other Functions † Sources may include suppliers, rivals, complementors and customers.
- 13. 1. Obtaining Innovations • Best covered of the phases - Searching, enabling, filtering - Sourcing particularly well covered • Most popular area: sources of innovation • Often about external knowledge and not external innovations • Not much about asset specificity of potential innovations
- 14. 2. Integrating Innovations • Considers org capabilities and culture - Absorptive capacity over-researched - NIH is mentioned, not well measured - Implicit assumptions • Integration seems to be a black box - Are new competencies needed? - Does utilizing external innovations help or hurt internal R&D competencies?
- 15. 3. Commercializing Innovations • Lots of value creation - Sometimes measured using NPD metrics - Less research on value capture • Assumes external innovations commercialized same as internal ones - How do firms differ in external innovation commercialization capabilities?
- 16. 4. Reverse Paths Beyond the linear model, this includes • Feedback mechanisms - Information flow upstream • Reciprocal measures - Ongoing interactions - Includes co-creation, communities Research relatively scarce
- 17. Other gaps and opportunities • Is everything an “innovation”? - Patent, copyright, knowledge • Where is the business model? - Not a lot of value capture • Where are the success metrics?
- 19. Key challenges of outbound OI • Identifying underused IP • Simultaneous internal/external commercialization • Functioning IP markets • Appropriability fears • Drag due to excess appropriability Outbound OI research getting scarcer Chesbrough (2003, 2006b), Fabrizio (2006), Enkel et al (2009), Dahlander & Gann (2010)
- 21. Coupled open innovation • Two modes - Bi-directional (Gassmann & Enkel, 2004) Combines inbound & outbound - Interactive collaboration (Piller & West, 2014) Joint production • Various examples - Open source (West & Gallagher, 2006) - Communities (West & Sims, 2013) - R&D consortia (Muller-Seitz & Sydow, 2013)̈ • More abstraction is needed
- 22. Looking Forward
- 23. Forthcoming OI volumes • Re se arch Po licy special issue - Chesbrough, Salter, Vanhaverbeke & West, guest editors - Ashish Aurora, lead editor - ≈10 articles • O pe n Inno vatio n: Ne w Re se arch & Dire ctio ns (Oxford) - Chesbrough, Vanhaverbeke & West, eds. - 15 chapters
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Thank you
- The open innovation model emphasizes flexibility in a firm ’ s innovation strategy: The best source of innovation may be outside the firm (arrows going in) The best market for an innovation may be outside the firm (arrows going out) The importance of flexibility. Span firm boundaries. Can bring in technology at any point in the product development process. Major goal: if firm is fighting false positives (extra cautious), you will get lots of false negatives (Chesbrough 2006). Make sure you find a way to monetize or otherwise find a path to market for these false negatives.
- Laursen & Salter 2006 SMJ: 1324 cites (3 rd after Henry’s 2003 book and 2003 Sloan article)
- A lot of people when they think about open innovation they only think about the inbound mode; most of the research is about inbound
- 15 highly cited, with 100+ Google Scholar cites. 3 books and 1 chapter by Chesbrough
- 4-phase model
- 1. Searching (where): Sourcing, Brokerage , Limits, University research, User innovation 2. Enabling process/mechanisms (how): Contests, Intermediaries , Toolkits, PlatformsCrowdsourcing 3. Filtering (which): Gatekeepers , Technology scouts, Technology brokering 4. Acquiring: Incentives to share, Contracting, Nature of the innovation
- Absorptive capacity: 80/280 articles
- Definitions of innovation from Schumpeter, Ed Roberts, Chris Freeman
- Chesbrough and Rivette & Klein’s Rembrandts in the Attic, IP licensing is going up; Issue of what, why and how: descriptive, causal and normative. At least 6 OI-related papers on technology sourcing have been retracted: SMJ, Org Science, Research Policy, Strategic Organization, Industrial and Corporate Change. Google Open Innovation retraction to read all about it.
- Late 2013, more likely in 2014