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AIDS HIV Basic Facts South Africa - Joanne Croome
- 1. HIV & AIDS One hour presentation Tailor-Made Services
- 2. 1a. The global epidemic
- 3. 1.b South Africa: 5.2 million HIV+ (Statssa)
- 4. 2. History and origins of HIV USA early 80s ◦ Young men with diseases due to immune deficiency ◦ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome France 1983 ◦ Isolated the virus that causes Aids ◦ Human Immunodeficiency Virus Possibly been around for about 100 years Origin ◦ Blood contact with chimpanzees in West Africa ◦ SIV – Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◦ Mutated into HIV
- 5. 3. Reasons for high rates of infection in SA Stigma Myths Slow response to epidemic Sex roles Lack of condom use Multiple partners Many people unaware of being infected High rate of STIs
- 6. 4. How the immune system works P1 P2 P3
- 7. 5 a. How HIV affects the immune system When a person gets infected with HIV the CD4 cells see the virus and start to fight it But immune system can’t destroy HIV completely Instead HIV attacks the CD4 cells Immune system starts to weaken immunodeficiency person gets sick more easily
- 8. 5 b. How HIV affects the immune system 8
- 9. 6. Disease Progression How long from stage 1 – 4? ◦ 10 – 12 years ◦ Depends on lifestyle ◦ Co-infections speed up course of disease ◦ Slow progressors/fast progressors Person who develops AIDS soon after diagnosis probably infected long time ago Rather chronic HIV infection than AIDS
- 10. 7. HIV transmission Not through casual contact, mosquitoes etc How do we know this? ◦ rates would be far higher ◦ more unexpected cases Infectious body fluids ◦ Blood ◦ Semen ◦ Vaginal fluids ◦ Breast milk
- 11. 8. Transmission and Prevention 11
- 12. 9 a. Prevention of transmission through blood contact Universal precautions ◦ Treat all blood as if it were HIV+ ◦ Bleeding person should apply pressure to own wound ◦ Use gloves when working with body fluids ◦ Plastic bags if no gloves ◦ Blood spills Paper towels Flood with bleach to destroy HIV Paper towels Air dry
- 13. 9 b. Prevention of transmission through blood contact Workplaces should have ◦ First aid kit ◦ Trained person designated to handle accidents Enforce use of safety equipment Waterproof dressings Possibility of blood contact at work? The PEP programme ◦ ARVS ◦ Rape/needle sticks/blood exposures
- 14. 10. Managing HIV 14
- 15. 11. Antiretroviral drugs 15
- 16. 12. How do ARVs work? 16
- 17. 13. Why is it good to know your HIV status? 17
- 18. 14. What about the results? Good idea to ◦ test with your partner ◦ discuss how you will cope before you go No partner? ◦ test yourself ◦ always ask new partners to test ATICC 021 763 5320 18
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Explain the colour coding (the darker the blue the higher the rate of infection) and ask participants what they notice about the slide EmphasizeHIV is found everywhere in the worldThe high rates of S & SE Asia and Sub-Saharan AfricaThese are 3rd world or developing regions with high rates of povertyNote that 2/3 of all HIV+ people live in 22222Sub-Saharan Africa
- Young men were presenting with diseases like Kaposi’s Sarcoma - a cancer usually only found in elderly Jewish men orPCP pneumonia which only occurs when the immune system is very weakBlood contact with chimpanzees probably occurred through hunting accidents e.g. skinning and butchering animals for foodHIV was able to jump species because humans are genetically very similar to chimpanzeesDefine mutation (means changed)Once it mutated it was passed on sexually
- Explain you will now look at pictures to explain normal immune functioning one more time and that you will be looking at what happens inside the body as well as what we see on the outside of the bodyPoint out that the CD4 cells are white blood cells but they are coloured yellow in the pictures so that they will stand outFirst columnPoint out CD4 cells that are an important part of the immune system – the more CD4 cells the stronger a person’s immune systemRole of CD4 cells is to recognise germs that attack the body and fight themWe can see the person is well and healthyColumn 2 Shows a person who has been infected with the flu virus We can see the germs inside the bodyThe job of the CD4 cells is to attack the flu virus and destroy itAsk what kind of symptoms the person will be experiencing that will show the immune system is working and fighting flu– Headache, sore body, temperature, sneezing, coughing, chest painColumn 3 We can see the immune system has destroyed the germs The person is well and healthy againThis is how the immune system normally responds to infection Everyone in the room has been through this cycle of immune response many times and survived
- Some counsellors explain immunodeficiency to their clients by saying that HIV eats the immune system and this is why is can’t work properly to fight germs causing the person to become sickAs the person’s immune system gets weakens over time so they will have more serious symptoms and OIs