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Floristic discoveries and biodiversity of the Canadian Arctic vascular plant flora
- 1. Floristic Discoveries and Biodiversity of the Canadian Arctic Vascular Plant Flora J.M. Saarela, L.J. Gillespie, P.C. Sokoloff and R.D. Bull Centre for Arctic Knowledge and Exploration This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
- 2. Polar Continental Shelf Program Research Funding
- 3. Arctic Plant Taxonomy a small flora but major challenges • numerous taxonomically difficult species groups - hybridization - high polyploidy - frequent asexual reproduction • many different regional treatments - widespread species (circumpolar) - different species concepts (Russia vs. Euro vs. NA) - different names • few or no plant collections from many remote areas inventories not comprehensive - sites difficult and expensive to access
- 4. • 91 families • 420 genera • 2218 species Elven et al. (2011) http://nhm2.uio.no/paf/ Checklist of the Panarctic Flora - Vascular Plants
- 5. Carex Ranunculus Salix Oxytropis Potentilla Draba Saxifraga Artemisia Poa Canadian Arctic Flora Vascular Plants c. 1256 taxa c. 965 species
- 6. Floristics the study of the distribution, number, types, and relationships of plant species in an area or areas
- 7. Arctic Floristic Research • critical baseline data understanding change in vegetation may inform monitoring • detailed info about plants of specific regions (e.g., parks, communities, islands) • data for flora projects • samples for systematic, phylogeographic, DNA barcoding studies, etc.
- 8. http://arcticplants.myspecies.info/ See our poster for details…
- 9. theglobeandmail.com – 23 June 2014 CMN Arctic Floristic Studies
- 10. So far….over 5000 new Canadian Arctic plant collections
- 11. Based on study of all collections made in area from ca. 1940 to 2009, including ours, the vascular flora of the region comprises 268 taxa (265 species), of which 215 are in the Park 16% increase from the first study of the area in 1990 48 taxa new to the region 54 taxa newly recorded for TNNP Tuktut Nogait National Park and vicinity, NWT Saarela et al. 2013, Phytotaxa
- 12. Festuca brachyphylla Poaceae Mertensia maritima subsp. tenella Boraginaceae Carex holostoma Cyperaceae Carex lachenalii Cyperaceae Kobresia sibirica Cyperaceae Some species new to Tuktut Nogait National Park and vicinity
- 13. Extralimital Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera) Saarela et al. 2012, Arctic
- 14. Aiken et al. (2007) • 341 species • 349 taxa
- 15. Our fieldwork: 12 species and 3 families* new to Canadian Arctic Archipelago 341 368 349 375 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 Aiken et al. (2007) Gillespie et al. (in review) species taxa including new literature records, post 2007 c. 8% increase
- 17. Amaranthaceae* Suaeda calceoliformis Horned sea blite 5 sites on Victoria Island FNABull Bull
- 20. Orchidaceae Platanthera obtusata northern bog orchid Bull Gillespie FNA
- 21. Ranunculaceae Coptidium × spitsbergense Svalbard buttercup Gillespie Cody et al. 1988
- 24. • c. 19 species new to the western CAA • c. 30 species new to Victoria Island • increased # of species from 231 to c. 261 Victoria Island – new records
- 25. Cyperaceae Eriophorum brachyantherum Closed-sheath cotton grass Poaceae Festuca hyperborea Arctic fescue Aiken et al. 2007 Aiken et al. 2007
- 27. accurate info on current species distributions are needed to understand possible future change Most new records likely long established species Newly arrived or long established species?
- 28. Puccinellia banksiensis Banks Island Alkaligrass described from Banks Island 2008, discovered on Victoria I. in 2008, adjacent mainland in 2009
- 29. * many new localities NOT at risk Asteraceae Symphyotrichum pygmaeum Pygmy aster “May be at risk” (NWT 2011) Aiken et al. 2007
- 30. SE Baffin Island many new records of rare species • Viscaria alpina (Caryophyllaceae) • Plantago maritima (Plantaginaceae) • 5 sedges (Carex arctogena, C. bicolor, C. gynocrates, C. vaginata, C. williamsii) • 3 rushes (Luzula wahlenbergii, L. multiflora subsp. frigida, Juncus trifidus • 2 grasses (Calamagrostis canadensis subsp. langsdorfii, C. purpurascens) • Sibbaldia procumbens (Rosaceae), Corallorhiza trifida (Orchidaceae) • …and many more Viscariaalpina Carexarctogena
- 32. Some underexplored areas Floras of most (all?) Arctic islands probably incompletely known
- 33. Sokoloff National Herbarium of Canada