1. The Road to War Haven’t We Been Here Before?

2. Preventative Steps Taken League of Nations 1919 Treaty of Versailles Organization to promote peace All the world powers are members by 1934 except United States

3. Preventative Steps Taken Kellogg-Briand Pact Agreement signed by 15 nations in 1928 and grows to over 60 nations The contracting parties agreed that settlement of all conflicts, no matter of what origin or nature, that might arise among them should be sought only by pacific means and that war was to be renounced as an instrument of national policy Original members included: USA, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan

4. Manchuria Japan invades Manchuria Why? (3 reasons: see next slide) 1 2 3

6. Why? (3 reasons: see next slide)

7. 1

8. 2

10. Reactions Chiang Kai-shek (President of China) upset over aggression League of Nations investigates and agrees Japan in wrong 40 – 1 vote, Japan walks out No economic sanctions imposed What could be used? The League was powerless to stop a powerful, determined country Chiang Kai-shek, FDR, Winston Churchill

11. Hyperinflation Sets In Germany

12. Cause and Reaction France and Britain wanted payments Germany tried printing more money Bartering became common Ruhr Valley taken over as payment

13. People collected their wages in suitcases. One person, who left their suitcase unattended, found that a thief had stolen the suitcase but not the money. One boy, who was sent to buy two bread buns, stopped to play football and by the time he got to the shop, the price had gone up, so he could only afford to buy one. One father set out for Berlin to buy a pair of shoes. When he got there, he could only afford a cup of coffee and the bus fare home.

14. Rise of Hitler Failed artist WW1 veteran Blames: Weimar Republic and Jews Weimar Republic cooperates in supporting Versailles Treaty Germany forced to make reparations payments Jews controlled many financial sectors in Germany

18. Hitler Comes to Power Nazi party gained powerful allies…newspaper and radio owners Hitler’s message got favorable support (25 pt. Plan) Voters liked what party promised: jobs, stable prices, and pride Appointed Chancellor in 1933 Quit League of Nations same year

19. Under Hitler’s Control Sets fire to Reichstag building Blames Communist enemies Urges crackdown on civil liberties to prevent revolution in country

20. Night of Long Knives Arrested many powerful members of Nazi Party Executed up to 400 potential threats Also called a purge

21. Nuremberg Laws Passes Nuremberg Laws 1935 Stripped Jews of rights Modeled after Jim Crow Laws Kristallnacht 1938 : destruction of Jewish stores, synagogues etc. …went unpunished

22. Jewish operated business in Berlin Town with synagogues destroyed

23. Italy Invades Ethiopia 1935 Benito Mussolini wants to recapture greatness of Roman Empire Ethiopia a former colony, won freedom in late 1800s King Haile Selassie protests to League of Nations Warns of future attacks League imposes sanctions: ineffective

24. Germany Begins Rearmament Hitler begins restoring economy Military given top priority Marches into Rhineland 1935-1936 Violation of Versailles Nothing done about this

25. Rome-Berlin Axis Agreement Italy and Germany realized they needed each others support if war breaks out Signed in 1936 “Axis on which the world will revolve” Later Japan signs (1937)

26. Anschluss of Austria 1938 1st attempt to gain land outside German border Goal: Reunite all German speaking people under 1 government Used a plebiscite to secure Austria Plebiscite: vote on an issue Jews not allowed to vote Political opponents were arrested before vote Pro-Nazi prime minister in power

28. Sudetenland Hitler wants to add region in Czechoslovakia Formerly part of Germany Czechoslovakia balks at Hitler’s attempts Britain and France come to Czechoslovakia’s aid

29. Munich Conference Hitler graciously hosts meeting in 1938 Neville Chamberlain represents Britain Chamberlain appeases Hitler by giving him Sudetenland in exchange for promises of peace and no further land claims Czechoslovakia sold out

30. “Peace in Our Time”

31. NAZI Greeting in Sudetenland

32. Czechoslovakia 1939 Hitler annexes the rest of the country Britain and France do nothing

33. Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact 1939 Hitler wants to avoid 2 front war (Russia and France) Seeks non-aggression pact Russia and Germany share mutual dislike for Poland Agree to attack Poland and split land back to old borders

35. Phony War Why would this period from 1928 – 1939 be called the phony war?