1. CHAPTER 5
Section 5 Notes

2. Alexander the Great
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King Philip of Macedonia brought all of Greece
under his control around 338 B.C.
He then wanted to conquer the neighboring
Persian empire
However, he was assassinated at his
daughter’s wedding
His son Alexander took over the thrown

3. King Philip

4. Macedonia Today

5. The Former Yugoslavia

6. Alexander the Great

7. Alexander the Great
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Alexander took the thrown when he was only
20 years old
He was well educated because his tutor had
been Aristotle
However, he was a fierce warrior who wanted
to conquer the Persian empire
He crossed the Dardanelles---the straight that
separates Europe from Asia Minor

8. Alexander the Great
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Alexander won victory after victory capturing
Palestine, Egypt, Babylon and other Persian
capitals
He continued to push east and crossed the
Hindu Kush mountains into northern India
He continued winning battles, however, his
troops began to grow tired and refused to
continue moving east
Alexander then retreated and headed back to
Babylon

9. Alexander’s Empire

10. Alexander the Great
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While still in Babylon, Alexander contracted a
fever and died---he left his empire “to the
strongest”
However, no one leader was strong enough to
succeed Alexander
Eventually, three generals divided up his
empire
Macedonia and Greece went to one general,
Egypt to another, and most of Persia to a third

11. The Legacy of Alexander
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Although Alexander’s empire crumbled, he had
unleashed changes that would ripple across
the Mediterranean world and the Middle East
for centuries
His most lasting achievement was the spread
of Greek culture
Alexander had founded many new cities that
bore his name
Local peoples assimilated Greek ideas

12. The Legacy of Alexander
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Gradually, a blending of eastern and western
cultures occurred
Alexander encouraged this blending of
cultures by marrying a Persian woman and
urged his soldiers to follow his example
He also adopted many Persian customs
including dress
Hellenistic culture---combined Greek, Persian,
Egyptian, and Indian influences

13. The Legacy of Alexander
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The heart of the Hellenistic world was located
in Alexandria, Egypt
It was located on the sea lanes between
Europe and Asia
A Greek architect designed the city
Over a million people including Egyptians,
Persians, Hebrews, and others lived there
The most famous sight was the Pharos, an
enormous lighthouse that was 440 feet tall

14. Alexandria, Egypt

15. Pharos

16. The Legacy of Alexander
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Alexander and his successors encouraged the
work of scholars
The great Museum was built in Alexandria as a
center of learning
The Museum boasted laboratories, lecture
halls, and even a zoo!!!
It had a well-stocked library with thousands of
scrolls representing the accumulated
knowledge of the ancient world

17. The Legacy of Alexander
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During the Hellenistic period, paintings,
statues, and legal codes all show that women
were no longer restricted to their homes
Women learned to read and write---some
became philosophers or poets
In Egypt, Queen Cleopatra ruled the country
ablely

18. Cleopatra

19. Hellenistic Civilization
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Political turmoil during the Hellenistic age
contributed to the rise of new schools of
philosophy
Stoicism---founded by Zeno---urged people to
avoid desires and disappointments by
accepting calmly whatever life brought
Stoics preached high moral standards
including the idea of protecting the rights of
fellow humans
They taught that all people, including women
and slaves, were morally equal because all
had the power of reason

20. Zeno---founder of Stoicism

21. Hellenistic Civilization
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Hellenistic thinkers built on earlier Greek,
Babylonian, and Egyptian knowledge
Pythagoras derived a formula to calculate the
relationship between the sides of a right
triangle (a² + b²=c²)
Euclid wrote The Elements, a textbook that
became the basis for modern geometry

22. Pythagoras

23. Euclid

24. Hellenistic Civilization
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The astronomer Aristarchus believed the Earth
rotated on its axis and orbited the sun
(heliocentric solar system that was not
accepted until almost 2,000 years later)
The astronomer Eratosthenes showed that
Earth was round and accurately calculated its
circumference

25. Hellenistic Civilization
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The most famous Hellenistic scientist was
Archimedes
He applied principles of physics to make
practical inventions
Mastered the use of the lever and pulley
“Give me a lever long enough and a place to
stand on, and I will move the world”

26. Archimedes

27. Hellenistic Civilization
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Hippocrates studied the causes of illnesses
and look for cures
His Hippocratic oath set ethical standards for
doctors
Physicians swore to “help the sick according to
my ability and judgment but never with a view
to injury and wrong” and to protect the privacy
of patients
Present doctors take a similar oath

28. Hippocrates

29. Hippocratic Oath