1. UNIT NUTRITION AND FOOD
Nutrition (nutrición):
It is the collection of all the process that allow organisms to use and transform food to
keep them alives.
Es el conjunto de procesos que permite a los organismos utilizar y transformar los
nutrientes para mantenerse vivos.
Feeding, (alimentación):
It is the process in which the food is obtained from the outside.
Es el proceso por el cual se obtienen dichos nutrientes del medio externo.
BIOMOLECULES
Food give us the nutrients we need. This nutrients are basically the biomolecules that
build our organism.
They are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, water and mineral salts.
Los alimentos contienen los nutrientes que necesitamos. Estos nutrientes son,
básicamente, las biomoléculas que constituyen nuestro organismo y se denominan
principios inmediatos.
Son los glúcidos, los lípidos, las proteínas, las vitaminas, el agua y las sales
minerales.

2. Carbohydrates = sacharides (glúcidos):
-They are made up of molecules called monosacharides.
** Bread, cereals, legums, potatoes and pasta are rich in carbohidrates.
Lipids (lípidos):
This is a huge group of very diverse sustances
Saturated fats Insaturated Celular Lipids with
fats membrane regulatory
lipids functions
Solubility Not soluble in Not soluble in Not soluble in Not soluble in
water water water water
Properties Very energetic Very energetic Structural
Solid Liquid, oils
(animal) (vegetal)
Examples We can find it Olive oil Waxes Vitamines and
in peperoni, hormones
sausages...
** Olive oil, butter, pork meat and eggs are rich in lipids.
Proteins (proteínas)
-They are macromolecules (large biomolecules), with very complex structures, made up
of chains of smaller molecules called amino acids (20 differents).
Functions Examples
They give structure to the cells Collagen in the skin
They transport biomolecules around the Hemoglobin
body
They regulate chemical rections Enzymes
They protect the body from bacteria and Antibodies
microorganism
**Meat, fish, eggs, mik and legumes are rich in proteins.

3. Vitamins (vitaminas)
-They are essential (but in small amounts) to stay healthy and grow.
**Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins.
Mineral salts (sales minerales)
-Inorganic biomolecules, they are not exclusive for living beings.
Functions Examples
They form the solid structure of human Skeleton, tooth
livings
They allow the transmission of nervous
impulses
Involved in chemical reactions
**We can find them disolved in water and in aliments.
Water (agua)
-Inorganic biomolecules, they are not exclusive for living beings.
-Water is the most abundant biomolecule in living beings.
-It makes up about 63% of our body.
-It is the solvent of most of the biomolecules.
-Metablic reactions occur in water.
-It regulates body temperature.
TYPES OF FOODS AND THEIR NUTRIENTS
Energy foods Body-building Energy foods Body-regulating
foods foods
Rich in Rich in proteins Rich in fats Rich in vitamins
carbohidrates and minerals
Bread Meat Oil Vegetables
Pasta Fish Butter Fruit
Potatoes Milk Pork meat
Rice Eggs
Sugar

4. Diet (dieta):
Our diet is made up of the things we eat and drink.
Healthy diet (dieta saludable):
A diet that consists of a balanced intake of foods which helps maintain or improve
overall health. A Mediterranean diet is an example of a healthy diet.
Mediterranean diet (dieta mediterránea):
Activities
1- How many times do you eat on a day?
2- Do you have breakfast everyday?
3- What did you have yesterday for lunch?
4- What did you have yesterday for dinner?
5- How often do you eat sweets in a week?
6- How many pieces of fruit and vegetables do you eat in a day?
7- Do you think you have a healthy diet?
8- Write one day healthy diet for young people as you (still growing).

5. 9- Complete the tables bellow:
-Milk, bread, fish, sausages, olive oil, orange juice, eggs, pasta, rice,
hamburguer, ham, jam, yogurt, bicuits, chocolates, coffe, beer, cheese, carrots,
oranges.
The origin of the food
Animals Vegetables
Tipes of foods and their nutrients
Energy Body-building Energy foods Body-regulating
foods foods foods
Rich in Rich in proteins Rich in fats Rich in vitamins
carbohidrates and minerals
10- In your daily diet do you eat foods from all the groups (Carbohidrates,
proteins,fats, vitamins and minerals)?
11- If in the question 7 you answered yes, do you still think you have a healthy diet?
Why?