The document discusses case study as a qualitative research method. It provides an overview of the history and definitions of case study, including that it involves an in-depth analysis of a bounded system. The document also outlines characteristics of case study research such as being particularistic, descriptive, and heuristic. Additionally, it discusses types of case studies, reasons for using case studies, the steps involved, strengths and weaknesses, and case study designs.

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2. Qualitative Research Method
Case Study
History
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Qualitative Research Method
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4. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
History of Case Study:
Roots in anthropology, sociology
and psychology.
During 60’s & 70’s researchers
looked for alternatives to
standard qualitative methods.
- Evolved during the 80’s as
accepted method.
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Education 345_Summer 2014
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5. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
History of Case Study:
 Prominently used by physicians,
historians, social workers, teachers, etc.,
as a learning tool:
Through careful examination and
discussion of various cases, “[researchers]
learn to identify actual problems, to
recognize key players and their agendas,
and to become aware of those aspects of
the situation that contribute to the
problem. . ."
(Merseth, 1991 in http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/research/casestudy/com2a3.cfm )
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JAMES L. PAGLINAWAN
Education 345_Summer 2014
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email me @
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Contact @ 09267648151
DR. NENITA I. PRADO
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Qualitative Research Method
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7. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Definitions of Case Study:
 an in-depth description and analysis of a
bounded system.
 the collection and presentation of
detailed information about a particular
participant or small group, frequently
including the accounts of subjects
themselves.
 provides a systematic way of looking at
events, collecting data, analyzing
information, and reporting the results.
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JAMES L. PAGLINAWAN
Education 345_Summer 2014
Grad School @ CMU
email me @
jopagz85@yahoo.com
Contact @ 09267648151
DR. NENITA I. PRADO
Professor in Educ 345
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8. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Definitions of Case Study:
Bounded system: a single entity, a unit
around which there are boundaries
Edge of the case
Heart of the study
The phenomenon examined must be bounded in
order to be a case.
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JAMES L. PAGLINAWAN
Education 345_Summer 2014
Grad School @ CMU
email me @
jopagz85@yahoo.com
Contact @ 09267648151
DR. NENITA I. PRADO
Professor in Educ 345
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9. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Definitions of Case Study:
Bounded system example:
Qualitative study: How older people
learn to use a computer
Case study: How one older person
learns to use a computer
- one particular program
- one classroom of learners
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JAMES L. PAGLINAWAN
Education 345_Summer 2014
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email me @
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Contact @ 09267648151
DR. NENITA I. PRADO
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11. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
3 Characteristics of Case Study:
1. Particularistic: focuses on a particular
situation, event, program or phenomenon
2. Descriptive: the end product is a rich, thick
description of the phenomenon being studied.
3. Heuristic: the cases studied illuminate the
reader’s understanding of the phenomenon
under study
- brings about the discovery of new
meanings
- extend the reader’s experience
- confirm what is already known
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JAMES L. PAGLINAWAN
Education 345_Summer 2014
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email me @
jopagz85@yahoo.com
Contact @ 09267648151
DR. NENITA I. PRADO
Professor in Educ 345
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12. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Characteristics of Case Study:
 Scientific
 Reliable
 Valid method
 It is the best method to use for diagnostics and
further remedial teaching so very important for the
teachers.
 It provides complete information about individual’s
behavior his environment, insight to the nature of
the cases of suffering personal, social, emotional,
and educational abnormalities
 (e.g.: the movie taare zameen par (Every Child Is
Special) is an example of studying a problem of
dyslexia child and the remedial teaching done by
Aamir khan his teacher.)
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Education 345_Summer 2014
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email me @
jopagz85@yahoo.com
Contact @ 09267648151
DR. NENITA I. PRADO
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14. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Types of Case Study:
Historical:
The study of the development of a particular
phenomenon over time
1. Holistic analysis and description from a historical
perspective
2. Preferred when there’s virtually no access or control
(i.e. an evening school for working adults in the early
1900s)
Observational:
The primary data collection method is participant
observation supplemented with formal and informal
interviews
(i.e., the staff break room of an organization)
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15. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Types of Case Study:
Illustrative Case Studies:
Primarily descriptive studies
1. Utilizes one or two instances of an event to show
what a situation is like
2. Tries to make the unfamiliar familiar and to give
readers a common language about the topic in
question
Exploratory (or pilot) Case Studies:
Condensed case studies performed before implementing a
large scale investigation
1. Basic function is to help identify questions and select
types of measurement prior to the main investigation
2. Primary pitfall is that initial findings may seem
convincing enough to be released prematurely as
conclusions
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JAMES L. PAGLINAWAN
Education 345_Summer 2014
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jopagz85@yahoo.com
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DR. NENITA I. PRADO
Professor in Educ 345
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16. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Types of Case Study:
Cumulative Case Studies:
Serves to aggregate information from several sites
collected at different times
1. The collection of past studies will allow for
greater generalization without additional cost or
time being expended on new, possibly repetitive
studies
Critical Instance Case Studies:
Examines one or more sites for either the purpose of
examining a situation of unique interest with little to
no interest in generalizability, or to call into question
or challenge a highly generalized or universal
assertion
1. Useful for answering cause and effect questions
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DR. NENITA I. PRADO
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18. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Why Use Case Study:
To diagnose what the
problems or issues in the
case are, and why they have
occurred, to consider a
variety of solutions; and to
justify what you believe to be
the best solution.
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JAMES L. PAGLINAWAN
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Professor in Educ 345
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19. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Why Use Case Study:
Knowledge is:
- More concrete
- More contextual
- More developed by reader interpretation
- Based more on reference populations
determined by the reader
 Depends on what the researcher wants to know
1. Specific “how” and “why” questions
2. When you have less control of the events
3. When variables are so embedded in the situation
that they’re impossible to identify ahead of time
4. Uniqueness of the situation
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Education 345_Summer 2014
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DR. NENITA I. PRADO
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21. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Steps in Conducting Case Study:
1. Determine topic
2. Determine type of case study method used and
mode of data collection:
- Documents
- Archival records
- Interviews
- Direct observation
- Participant observation
- Artifacts
3. Select participants
4. Collect data
5. Data Analysis
- Typically done holistically or through coding
6. Write up report
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Education 345_Summer 2014
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Contact @ 09267648151
DR. NENITA I. PRADO
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23. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths:
1. Anchored in real-life situations
2. Holistic account of the phenomenon
3. Advances a field’s knowledge base
4. Flexible
5. Contextualization of the phenomenon
Weaknesses:
1. Difficult to generalize
2. Some say it’s too subjective
3. May be costly
- hard to rationalize cost in a budget request
4. Some ethical considerations
- financial - researcher integrity
5. Time consuming
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JAMES L. PAGLINAWAN
Education 345_Summer 2014
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email me @
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Contact @ 09267648151
DR. NENITA I. PRADO
Professor in Educ 345
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25. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Case Study Designs:
• Single vs. Multiple case
–Single case appropriate in certain
conditions
–Multiple case design better in
general
• Embedded vs. Holistic
–Holistic = one unit of analysis
–Embedded = several units of
analysis
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Professor in Educ 345
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26. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
Case Study Designs:
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Context
Case
Context
Case
Embedded
Unit of
Analysis 1
Embedded
Unit of
Analysis 2
Context
Case
Context
Case
Context
Case
Context
Case
Context
Case
Context
Case
Context
Case
Context
Case
U1 U2
U1 U2
U1 U2
U1 U2
Embedded
(multiple units
of analysis)
Holistic
(single unit
of analysis)
Single-case Designs Multiple-case Designs

27. Topic of the Day: CASE STUDY
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JAMES L. PAGLINAWAN
Education 345_Summer 2014
Grad School @ CMU
email me @
jopagz85@yahoo.com
Contact @ 09267648151
DR. NENITA I. PRADO
Professor in Educ 345
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