SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 72
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
1
THE
GLOBAL rEpOrT fiELd STUdY
ON
“Disposable cup manufacturing machine Chile &
Himachal Pradesh”
SUBMiTTEd TO:
Gujarat Technological University
Sunshine Group of Institutions, Rajkot
MBA Semester III
Faculty of Management
Batch: 2013-15
GUidEd BY:
Asst. prof. Alpesh Gajera
1
PREPARED BY
DECLARATION
NAME ENROLLMENT NO.
Hirapara Priyanka 137730592023
Jadeja Ajaysinh 137730592024
Patel Jalpa 137730592025
Javiya Hirva 137730592026
Jithara Dharmesh 137730592028
Jivani Krunal 137730592029
1
We undersigned Hirapara Priyanka, Jadeja Ajaysinh, Patel Jalpa, Javiya Hirva, Jithara
Dharmesh, and Jivani Krunal the students of management, 3rd
semester hereby declare that
the report for “Global Country Study Report” entitled “Overview of Social &
Educational Activity of Chile” is our own work and has been carried out under the
guidance of Assit. Prof. Alpesh Gajera of Department of Management Shri Sunshine
Group of Institutions, Rajkot.
This has been not submitted to any other University for securing in any examination.
ENROLLMENT NO. NAME SIGNATURE
137730592023 Hirapara Priyanka
137730592024 Jadeja Ajaysinh
137730592025 Patel Jalpa
137730592026 Javiya Hirva
137730592028 Jithara Dharmesh
137730592029 Jivani Krunal
DATE:
PLACE:
PREFACE
1
Only theoretical knowledge is not enough, practical knowledge is also essential. Practical
training helps us as a student of management to know practicability of the theories that we
learn inside the lecture room
As a student of MBA syllabus we have to make a research study on any country and we got
golden opportunity to get practical knowledge of Seychelles the main object of arranging
such research is for giving practical knowledge and experience at global in the various filed
of management to the student
Though we tried our level best to collect information and valuable suggestion would be
gratefully acknowledged.
Index
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1
We thankfully acknowledge to all those people who helped us in preparation of this report
because it is impossible to mention all those who helped us in our perspiration work in
giving shape to our ideal and thinking.
It is an occasion of great pleasure and matter of keep felt personal satisfaction to present this
complied statement of the project this complied statement of the research study undergone
on economical and sports activity of Seychelles.
We would like to thank all those who directly or indirectly were involved in the completion
of our research study.
GCSR PART: 1 SUMMARY
1
 CHILE:
The territory of Chile has been populated since at least 12,000 B.C. By the 16th
century, Spanish conquistadors began to subdue and colonize the region of present-day
Chile, and the territory became a colony between 1540 and 1818, when it
gained independence from Spain. The country's economic development was successively
marked by the export of first agricultural produce, then saltpeter and later copper. The
wealth of raw materials led to an economic upturn, but also led to dependency and even wars
with neighboring states. Chile was governed during most of its first 150 years of
independence by different forms of restricted government, where the electorate was carefully
vetted and controlled by elite.
Most Chileans are Roman Catholics. The religion has played a large role in defining social
and political life. Religious instruction in public schools is almost exclusively Roman
Catholic.
Abortion is actually illegal due to the influence of the Church. Divorce was illegal
until 2004.
Most national holidays are religious in nature. Chileans of more mature generations still
celebrate their saint's day as much as they do their own birthday.
Major religions in Chile are as follows:
• Roman Catholic 70%,
• Evangelical 15.1%,
• Jehovah’s Witnesses 1.1%,
• Other Christian 1%
• Other 4.6%.
1
 Chile is in the advanced stages of the demographic transition and is becoming an aging
society - with fertility below replacement level, low mortality rates and life expectancy
on par with developed countries. However, with its dependency ratio is approaching its
lowest point, Chile could benefit from favorable age structure.
 They have to keep their large population -age work productively employed, as he
prepares to meet the needs of its growing proportion of older people, especially women -
the traditional caregivers - are increasingly coming workforce. In the last two decades,
Chile has made great strides in reducing its poverty rate, which is now lower than most
Latin American countries.
 Spaniards in the official language of Chile.
 The food has a very special place in Chilean culture. Chilean normally eat four times a
day. The first meal of the day is breakfast, which consists mainly of dishes instead of
light including buttered toast and instant coffee. Lunch (served 1: 00-14: 00) is the big
meal of the day. Traditionally two main dishes. The first course can be a salad of some
sort. A common salad is the Chilean salad, including sliced onions, chopped tomatoes
and peeled oil and vinegar dressing and fresh coriander (cilantro).
 The main course usually includes beef or chicken, served with vegetables. Around 17:00
Chilean taken once, an afternoon tea with bread and jam, often also includes cheese and
avocado (avocado).
 Every year during the last week of February, Viña del Mar, an exclusive resort town
about two hours from Santiago, Viña del Mar holds Festival.The Music CarnavalAndino
With the Force of the Sun, or "Andino Festival with the Force of sun, "is one of the most
influential and entertaining a number of festivals that take place in February in northern
Chile region.Fiestas Patrias, or" Independence Day, "refer to the related celebrations
Independence Day Chile, which is celebrated on September 18.
1
 Before independence, the Christian religious orders mainly influenced Chilean
education. In fact, the Jesuits founded the first educational institutions in the country.
Since the First Government Junta (First Government Junta) in 1810 there was interest in
the development of education systems in the new country that is manifested by members
of the independence movement. This desire was completed by an approved decree
expressly waived taxes for a year and a half books, maps, printers, physics instruments
and machinery that contributed to the social and educational advancement. Based on this
predisposition to facilitate education, during 1813 the National Library was created,
freedom of the press was established, and the first official government newspaper, El
Monitor Araucano, was established.
 The cost of education differs depending on the type of school. Schools with voluntary
enrollment may charge a fixed fee income, while subsidized private schools can charge
tuition mandatory enrollment, tuition, and other services. Moreover, private schools are
free to decide their own fee structure. In 2011, the country was widespread and violent
student protests, demanding reforms in the education system. Students said they wanted
more direct state participation in secondary education as well as to obtain benefits blatant
happening in higher education. The movement gained strong support across the country,
as the students refused to attend classes and took to the streets. Education in Chile is
divided into
 Chile is divided into following part;
 Preschool,
 Primary school,
 Secondary school,
 & technical or higher education (university).
The levels of education in Chile are:
1
Pre-school: For children up to 5 years old.
 Primary school: for children aged 6–13 years old, divided into 8 grades.
 Secondary school: for teenagers aged 14–17 years old, divided into 4 grades.
 Higher education:
 University (Universidad): These are divided between "traditional" universities
(public and private universities created (mostly) before the 1981 reform) and private
institutions.
 Professional Institute (Institute Professional, IP): Private institutions offering
professional degrees, except for those given exclusively by universities. They were
created in 1981.
 Technical Schooling Center (Centro de FormaciónTécnica, CFT): Also created in
1981, they are private institutions offering technical degrees only.
 The Ministry of Education is responsible for pre-primary, primary, and secondary
schooling in Chile. The pre-primary level is two years of non-compulsory education for
children four to five years of age. Primary and secondary educations are compulsory.
Primary education is from ages 6 to 13, and secondary education is from ages 14 to 17.
In 2000, 99 percent of school -age children was studying at primary schools, and 90 at
secondary schools.
School categories.
In terms of financing, there are the following kinds of schools:
1
1. Municipal: State-subsidized schools run by municipalities, which may also contribute
monetarily to the schools. The majority of the population studies at these schools (64% at
the primary level).
2. Particular Subvencionado: Private with a government subsidy. At the primary level, 29%
of the population attends this kind of school.
3. Particular: Private. At the primary level, 7% of the population attends this kind of school.
4. Corporate schools are schools run by corporations and which receive the same state
subsidy that the municipal schools receive.
REASONS TO STUDY IN CHILE:
1. Educational alternatives
2. Great connectivity
3. Economic and political stability
4. Friendly people
5. Great tourist attractions
6. Top-quality education
7. Affordable living costs
8. Safety
9. Active social and cultural life
10. Warm weather
1
The Development of a Disposable Cup
Executive Summary
Expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) and paperboard are the two most popular materials used
today in portable, disposable cups used in coffee shops. Polystyrene foam has better thermal
insulation, while paperboard is preferred for its superior printing quality. Recently there has
been much interest in combining the positive attributes of both materials into one.
This project was conceived to quantify and compare the thermal and mechanical properties
of Win Cup foam cups with comparable competing paper products. A new design intended
to
Solve current difficulties is presented based on findings. Strengths of the cup materials were
collected with tensile testing. The source of the low strength of EPS is recognized by
examination with optical microscopy. A coupled sample of EPS with paper was tensile
tested to explore the effect of coupling two materials of different behaviors. Results showed
strength can be significantly increased by this method.
Thermal insulation was tested by measuring the cups’ abilities to hold hot and cold
temperatures of the liquid being carried. Surface temperature of the cups was also measured
against liquid temperature to compare heat conduction through the cup walls. EPS was
shown to be optimal material for maintaining beverage temperature.
1
Both materials have their pros and cons. To combine the positive benefits of both, a paper
wrapped foam cup design can be utilized. This composite cup allows high quality printing on
the outside paper surface and excellent thermal insulation of the interior EPS.
This research confirms the common claims of the superior thermal properties of EPS over
paper. A plastic wrapped foam cup design can be effectively utilized to conceive a product
that achieves the optimal combination of thermal insulation, printing capability, strength,
and aesthetic appeal.
Introduction:
Thermoformed disposables are generally used for Tea, Water and Packing of Beverages etc.
These Thermoform shapes are created from a process where a sheet of plastic is heated and
vacuumed on top of a model or die. The die can be made up from variety of materials.
There are different industries using thermoformed cups and trays like:
- Medical packaging in Pharmaceuticals
- Catering
- Food packaging
- Retail Outlets
- Restaurants
- Hotels
- Tourism
- Soft drinks, water and tea etc.
Market:
1
Due to attractive look, low weight, ease of transportation and low permeability, thermoformed
disposable cups and trays are finding tremendous market in packaging of food products,
particularly Ice creams which is as high as 30%. The demand for thermoformed disposables is
growing for drinking water, Tea, Coffee, soft drinks and packing dairy products.
The global consumption of single-use disposable food and drink containers such as lunch boxes,
cups and bowls is estimated at 438 billion units per year. Out of which the consumption of
thermoformed disposable cups is 21% of the total disposable items.
Raw Material:
The major raw materials used for thermoforming are high impact polystyrene ABS, PVC,
Polypropylene, HDPE, Polycarbonate etc. The choice of each material depends upon the end-
user requirements and cost. The most common materials used for disposable wares are high
impact polystyrene (Considered), PVC and Polypropylene.
Manufacturing Process:
Thermoforming is a manufacturing process for thermoplastic sheet or film. The sheet or film is
heated between infrared, natural gas and other heaters to its forming temperature. Then it is
stretched over or into a temperature-controlled, single-surface mold. Cast or machined
aluminum is the most common mold material, although epoxy, wood and structural foam tooling
are sometime used for low volume production. The sheet is held against the mold surface unit
until cooled. The formed part is then trimmed from the sheet. The trimmed material is usually
reground, mixed with virgin plastic, and reprocessed into usable sheet.
Investment:
The investment for setting up a Thermoform Disposables manufacturing Plant works out to Rs.
1.11 Crores and the breakup of the cost is tabulated below. The land requirement will be around
0.5 acres. The Preliminary & Pre-operative expense works out to Rs 0.11 crores. Plant &
Machinery including installation, erecting & transportation charges are of 0.23 Crores. Buildings
and civil works are estimated to be 0.37 Crores. Contingencies @ 5% and electricity deposits
1
have been considered in the project cost. Margin money for working capital is estimated to be
0.06 Crores.
Technology:
The technology/Machinery required for manufacturing of the thermoform disposables are 2 Nos.
of Automatic vacuum forming machine with control panel, 2 Nos. of Roller cutting machine, 4
Nos. of Aluminum mould with cutting mold, a sheet plant two layer, compressor, Grinder and a
Cooling tower.
1
INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY
Established in the year 2007, ‘Primal Import & Export ' are reckoned as one of the leading
importers and exporters of a world class gamut of Non Woven Bag Making Machinery, Non
Woven Fabric Making Plant, Waste Recycling Machinery, Pellet Making Machinery, Steel
Forming Machinery, Disposable Cup or Glass Making Machinery, Bottle Making Machinery,
CNC Machinery, Incense Stick Making Machinery, SS Pipes, Color Sorter Machines,
Components, Air Compressor & Tank. Our range consists of Cereal Grain Color Sorter
Machine, Air Pneumatic Regulator, Belt Type Color Sorter Machine, Peanut Color Sorter
Machine and many more products of varied specifications & models. These are imported from
reputed vendors of the market, who use quality assured raw material to develop their range as
per international norms and guidelines. The machines and air compressors we offer are
acknowledged for their excellent performance, low maintenance cost, simple operations and
longer functional life. Moreover, our entire range of machine components and air tanks is widely
applauded by the patrons for its durability, resistance against corrosion and ability to withstand
extreme temperature.
A spacious and sound warehousing unit is maintained by us for having safe and arranged storage
of all the imported products. Sprawling The warehouse of our firm is always kept free from dust,
moisture and other harmful contaminants, so as to ensure safe storage. All our experts
themselves realize the importance of attaining organizational goals and strive for the same by
working in coordination with one another. A team of procuring agents conducts varied extensive
researches and market surveys to find our best manufacturers of our offered range and associate
ourselves with them. Every professional of our firm is completely aware with the pros and cons
of his/her assigned department, which benefits the firm in successfully accomplishing all the
tasks with perfection. Owing to sound infrastructure facility, diligent workforce, ethical trade
practices and honest dealings, we have mustered numerous patrons for ourselves, across the
world.
We Supply in Pune, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Chennai, Tamilnadu, Coimbatore,
Bombay, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Jaipur, Haryana, Delhi, Gurgaon, Ahmadabad,
Karnataka, Bangalore, Mangalore, Maisore, Kerala, Trivendrum, Kochi, Tripura, and
Ernakulum.
1
COMPANY GOALS
The following is a list of business goals and milestones we wish to accomplish within the next
three years.
• Secure necessary funds.
• Locate and lease suitable manufacturing facility.
• Purchase machinery, equipment and supplies.
• Hire skilled employees to complete our team.
• Set up shop and open for business.
• Successfully penetrate targeted markets.
• Secure contracts to achieve projected sales goals.
• Become a profitable company.
• Establish a solid reputation as an industry leader.
Our first major milestones will be securing funds and setting up our business. This is our
primary focus right now. In three years, we hope to have established our company in the
community and within our industry.
EXIT STRATEGY:
Should management or our investors seek a business exit, there are several options we would
be willing to pursue. Our company could most likely be sold to a manufacturing company
that does not already have mold manufacturing capabilities. A management buyout could
also be pursued once our business credit is firmly established.
MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE:
1
Titus Mold Manufacturing understands the importance of a loyal and enthusiastic team to
reduce turnover and increase productivity. Our company's management philosophy will
encourage responsibility and mutual respect. While we will present a strong decisive
management team, we will also foster an atmosphere of genuine employee appreciation and
open communication.
LEADERSHIP:
Our company will be managed and run by our executive staff including Chief Executive
Officer John Baker, President Michael Smith, and Vice President Susan Jones, as well as our
Board of Directors. Our management staff of directors and supervisors will oversee daily
operations. However, as a small manufacturing facility starting out, the CEO, President and
VP will be responsible for the majority of purchasing, hiring, training, quality control, and
additional day-to-day duties.
Additional key leaders will include directors of finance, marketing and sales, human
resources, information technology and operations. While these positions remain unfilled at
this time, we do have several extremely qualified candidates interested in joining with us in
this new venture.
As we start our mold manufacturing business, we will implement a plan to hire management
and production staff first and fill in with mid-level management and administrative staff as
our budget and needs change.
BOARD MEMBERS & ADVISORS:
Our Board of Directors is not yet fully formed. CEO John Baker will serve as Chairman. The
board will consist of company owners (shareholders), officers and directors.
Duties of the Board of Directors may include:
• Establishing broad company policies and objectives.
• Selecting, appointing, and reviewing the performance of executive staff.
• Insuring the availability of adequate financial resources and approving annual budgets.
1
• Accounting to the stakeholders for the organization's performance
We will actively seek individuals to sit on our Board of Directors who will have the ability
to add to and advise our organization such as lawyers, accountants, and professionals in the
automotive or medical fields.
INTRODUCTION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH COMPANY:
Pushpa Machines Pvt. Ltd. is a renowned name in the industry. Based in Uttar Pradesh,
They serve customer all over India. Over the years, we have established ourselves in the
market and have satisfied numerous customers with our
products.
Infrastructure
one of the prized possessions of our company is our state-of-the-art infrastructure endowed
with latest hardware and software components incorporated seamlessly together to empower
us with the capability to produce bulk requirements. To further increase productivity, our
infrastructure is segregated in various departments such as:
• Production unit
• R&D department
• Testing facility
• Sales & marketing
• Customer care and many more.
Quality Policy:
We are a quality oriented company and ensure each product is produced using top
grade raw materials. Our entire range of products is durable, reliable and has long service
life. Rigorously tested to determine their quality, working condition, capacity and
limitations, our products guarantee optimum performance.
1
Packaging & Delivery:
• Packaging: We ensure our Machines are packed securely. We use superior packaging
materials and advanced techniques to ensure our products are not damaged while storing
or transportation.
• Delivery: We have a wide network of dealers that empowers us to deliver products on
time and within the scheduled time frame.
COMPANY PROFILE
1
Basic information
Nature of Business
Exporter
Additional Business Supplier
Trader
Importer
Industry Industrial goods
Registered Address No. 203, Time Square Complex, Opposite Balaji Hall, 150 Feet Ring
Road, Rajkot - 360 005, Gujarat.
Year of Establishment 2007
Total Number of
Employees
Upto 10 People
Legal Status of Firm Partnership Firm Registered under Indian Partnership Act 1932
Proprietor Name Mr. Ankit Vagadiya
Annual Turnover Rs. 2 - 5 Crore
Trade & Market
Export Percentage 20-40%
Infrastructure
Location Type Urban
Building Infrastructure Permanent
Size of Premises 250 square feet
Location Photo 1
Location Photo 2
Company USP
Primary Competitive
Advantage
• Experienced R & D Department
• Good Financial Position & TQM
Statutory Profile
1
COMPANY TEAM:
We have a team of competent and proficient professionals, which has proved to be
the driving force of our organization. With the efficient assistance and hard work of our
workforce, we have been able to offer a flawless range of Color Sorter Machines & Components
and Air Compressors & Tanks to the esteemed customers. Our professionals understand the
distinct needs of our clients and make sure to fulfill them in the best possible manner. The
professionals associated with our organization are well versed with latest technologies and
methodologies. Moreover, we conduct seminars and workshops for our workforce to update its
knowledge about the market demand and technological advancements related to our domain.
Some of the members in our team are as follows:
• Procuring agents
• Quality controllers
• Warehousing experts
• Packaging experts
• Skilled laborers
1
VENDOR BASE
We have been associated with some of most trusted vendors of the
industry for procuring the range of defect-free Color Sorter Machines & Components and Air
Compressors & Tanks. Our team of experts selects the most authentic vendors for sourcing the
range of products as per the market demand. The vendors associated with our organization make
use of the best quality components and other material for manufacturing the entire range of
products. Moreover, they employ cutting-edge technology and sophisticated machinery for
designing, manufacturing, quality checking and packaging the products in compliance with the
international quality standards.
Following are the factors that are considered while selecting these vendors:
• Market repute
• Timely delivery
• Ability to take bulk orders
1
• Competitive prices
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PAPER CUPS:
We have proposed to use the Automatic Paper Cup Forming Machine for
our manufacturing process of Paper Cups. The general structure of paper
cup forming machine is composed of three stages. They are:
1. The first stage: mainly finishes transmission of the paper cup's sidewall
paper, shaping side-wall and transferring them to the second stage after
shaped.
2. The second stage: transmission of the cup-bottom paper, shaping cup
bottom, joining the shaped side-wall and cup bottom, automatic
Transmission and discharging of the shaped cup, and curling the shaped
cup's edge.
3. The third stage: mainly includes 45 degree angle separating, preheating,
curling bottom, curling rim and so on mechanisms, which are the
important parts in finishing paper cup.
PACKAGING
1
The Company Provide Plywood packing for machine. A spacious
and sound warehousing unit is maintained by us for having safe and arranged storage of
all the imported products. Sprawling over an extensive area of land, this facility makes it
possible for our storekeepers to have categorized storage of all the products. The
warehouse of our firm is always kept free from dust, moisture and other harmful
contaminants, so as to ensure safe storage. Linked with variegated shipment network, our
warehouse supports the logistic experts in providing prompt delivery of orders at the
client’s destination.
1
1
STRENGTH
• Experienced R & D Department
• Good Financial Position & TQM
• Patents
• Strong brand names
• Good reputation among customers.
• Favorable access to distribution networks.
WEAKNESS
• Lack of patent protection
• High cost structure
• Lack of access to key distribution channels.
OPPORTUNITY
• Cover more area of market in current situation.
• An unfulfilled customer need.
• Removal of international trade barriers.
• Arrival of new technology.
THREATS
Government rules of transportation in states and outside the state like Taxes, VAT, CST and
other to apply drastic changes government revolution is the major challenge to the industry.
• Shifts in consumer testes away firms products
• Emergence of substitute products.
• Increased trade barriers.
• New regulations.
1
Product
1. DISPOSABLE CUP MAKING MACHINE
We are leading suppliers and traders of Disposal Cup Making Machine in the industry.
Disposal Cups of a wide range of mark can be manufactured using this organization. These
machines function in a highly cost in effect manner and consume less power. One side Letter of
the alphabet coated cups can be manufactured in majority quantities using these machines.
Customers can avail these machines at volume unit market price.
Since the inception of our organization, we are involved in production of Disposable Cup
Making Machine. Widely used for manufacturing large number of disposable cups, this
Disposable Cup Making Machine is reliable and has protective layer which provides complete
protection to this Disposable Cup Making Machine from effects of rust and water. In order to
meet rising demands of our large client base, we are offering Disposable Cup Making Machine
at economical price.
We are one of the prime suppliers of disposable cup making machines. Our disposable cup
making machines are fully automatic machines that are use for the making of glasses various
sizes with high quality. We are the suppliers of automatically designed disposable cup making
machine that are designed based on advanced technology and best preferred design. Our
disposable cup making machine that are highly appreciated among our clients in the global
market are much preferred machines. These disposable cup making machine are equipped with
1
multi tasking station, failure detection and alarm system to protect them from major failure and
damages.
These disposable cup making machine are manufactured using high quality raw material in
compliance with international standards and are for easy cup making features. Especially
designed by expert using state of the art systems, these disposable cup making machines have
attractive stainless steel frames and with a perfect working mechanism of automatic paper
feeding, sealing, oiling, bottom, punching, heating, curling and cup discharge. Our broad range
of disposable cup making machines are widely acknowledged for their superb quality, high
dispensing ability, durability, less power consumption and easy maintenance.
As per the requirements of the customers, we are involved in offering best quality of Disposable
Cup Making Machine. This Disposable Cup Making Machine is extensively used for formation
of glass of various sizes with high quality. Further, we are able to meet the huge market
demands in given time frame.
Features:
• Attractive designs
• Good quality
• Minimum price
• Light weight
• Long lasting
• Seamless finish
• Excellent performance
• Quality specification
• Hassle free performance
1
2. PAPER CUP MAKING MACHINE
This Paper Cup Making Machines operates simple, stable performance with high efficiency
which is ideal equipment for producing paper/tea/coffee-drinking cups, juice/beverage cups, ice
cream cups, etc. It is widely used for hot drink and other beverages.
There are two types of machines, one is hot cup making machine type and the other is cold cup
type forming machine. These days, the machines are also being restricted with ocular controlled
non contact key which makes the entire paper/tea cup making progression very proficient and
simple.
Keeping in mind the various requirements of the customers, we are involved in offering best
quality of Paper Cup Making Machine. The offered Paper Cup Making Machine is extensively
used for formation of glass of various sizes with high quality. Our products are available in the
market in wide range at reasonable rates.
Our clients can avail from us an unparalleled assembly of Disposable Paper Cup Making
Machine. This range is widely acclaimed as an Automatic paper cup machine, multi-working
1
station machine and is worked on paper feeding, sealing, oiling, bottom punching, heating,
curling and cup discharge procedures that aid us in creating single coated paper cups.
Leveraging on our sound domain knowledge of manufacturing, supplying, and exporting a
broad collection of Casting Dies we are offering Paper Plate Precision Dies to our prestigious
clients. These are made by using cutting edge technologies in modern manufacturing facilities.
We use only the finest grades of metal alloys that are procured from leading vendors of the
domain to manufacture these by adhering to rigorous standards of quality. Our clients can avail
our immaculate customization facilities to manufacture these as per given specifications.
Specifications:
• Raw material:250-300 GSM
• Capacity:40-50 pcs/min
Features:
• Good quality raw material
• Exceptional finishing
• Nominal cost
• Impeccable finish
• Dimensional accuracy
• Certified by CE approval
• Offered with optically controlled non-contact switch, which ensures the safety of
machine and operator
• Speed regulation is controlled by the micro computer controlled inverter of the machine
1
• Installed with a photoelectric tracing system
• Equipped with high quality bearings
Application:
• Disposable paper cups
• Paper cup containers
Material:
• The frame is made utilizing metal and the steel is used for body
Maintenance:
• Sanitation and cleanliness of the machine should be fixed
• A fixed schedule should be maintained to clean lubricated places and lubricate them with
glycerol
• Keep greasy dirt away from the paper, die and roller
• Should be located away from paper scraps, dust accumulation or plastic rolling
Technical Details:
General power 3.5KW
Paper request 150-350g/ Single Pe Coated Paper)
Power supply 220V50HZ/ 380V50HZ Or Customize
Cup size 2 -12OZ
Speed 40-55PCS/MIN
Weight 1750KGS
1
Bottom diameter 45mm
Dimension 2800×1400×1700MM
MARKET ANALYSIS & MARKETING PLAN
INTRODUCTION
The disposable plastic cups are manufactured by thermoforming technique. They are fast replacing
conventional cups. Drinking water, Ice-cream and other dairy products are packed in disposable
cups. Besides Ice-cream industry, hotels, restaurants, canteens etc. have been increasingly using
disposable cups as against conventional glass-wares or ceramic cups. Disposable cups are mainly
used for food items and are made out of polypropylene or polystyrene sheets. Sheets having
thickness 0.35 mm to 2 mm is used for these items in thermoforming machine. The disposable cups
are gaining popularity due to attractive look, light weight for container, ease of transportation and
low impermeability. Now-a-days organizations like railways, airlines are using disposable cups for
serving water, coffee, tea etc.
MARKET POTENTIAL:
Due to the recent change in the life style of urban class the demand for disposable cups is
increasing at a rapid rate. Apart from being used at home, they also come in handy during
parties, picnics and other functions and get-togethers. Plastic disposable cups are also used by
Ice-cream industry, hotels, restaurants, canteens etc. but the major customer of disposable cups
is ice-cream industry and they have started using plastic cups instead of paper ones that were
being used earlier. The main advantage of these plastic cups is that they are completely leak
proof. Plastic cups can be made up of different sizes and they can hold bulk material easily in
comparison to the traditional paper cups. Besides organization like Railways, Airlines are using
a good quantity of plastic disposable cups.
Considering the above factors, demand of disposable cups is expected to increase faster in
future.
1
BASIS AND PRESUMPTIONS:
• The basis for the calculation of the production capacity is calculated on single lift basis
on 75% efficiency.
• The rate of interest in the scheme has been taken on the basis of 14% at an average.
How-ever, this figure is likely to vary depending on the financial outlay of the project as
well as location of the unit.
• The breakeven point in the scheme has been calculated on the full capacity utilization
basis.
• Labor wages-Estimated on the minimum wages.
• The Cost of machinery, equipment, raw material and other expenditure initiated in the
profile are based on the prices prevailing at the time of project preparation. Therefore
they are subject to necessary change from time to time based on local condition and
availability.
1
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
S.No. Activity Estimated
period
required
1. Market survey for collection of data in
respect of demand, raw material,
machinery and selection of site.
4 Weeks
2. Preparation of project document and
registration and other clearance.
4 Weeks
3. Arrangement of finance /loan 4 Weeks
4. Procurement of machinery & equipment
& Installation
6 Weeks
5. Purchase of raw materials 2 Weeks
6. Trail Production 2 Weeks
Total 22 Weeks
1
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
Process of Manufacturing:
Polypropylene/Polystyrene sheet feeding reels of preset length is dragged from
bobbin reel in the Thermoforming plant. The conveyor chains carry the sheet through the heater
assembly to the Forming table. The heated sheet is punched to form the shape of the mould. The
cups thus formed are stocked and the punched waster sheet is wound on scrap sheet winder. To
get printed cups, the sheets are printed before forming into cup. Taking 200ml. cup as yard stick
as it is mostly used for serving drinking water, coffee/tea etc., The installed capacity of the
machine with 16 cavities mould is approximately 1,53,600 cups per shift. In terms of weight, a
200ml cup made of 0.7mm thick High Impact Polystyrene sheet is approximately 2.58 gms.
Therefore, the total weight of output per shift is 396 Kg Approx. The average weight of sheet
required per cup is 3.2gms. (Which implies wastage of approximately 0.62 gms per cup). As the
raw material wastage is very high the scrap needs to be recycled. The scrap can be ground and
may be either extruded in sheet extruder or sale.
Production Capacity: 120 MT of Disposable Plastic Cups @ Rs. 1, 54,000/- per MT
Value: Rs. 1, 84, 80,000/-
Quality Control and Standards: The Plastic disposable cups are manufactured as per
customer requirement and specification.
Motive Power: 70 KW
Pollution Control:
The unit does not create any pollution. However, proper ventilation should be made in the
processing area for the better circulation of the fresh air.
Energy Conservation:
Entrepreneurs may select energy efficient machinery and proper planning has also to be made
for saving energy in the unit.
MICHAEL PORTER’S FIVE FORCE MODEL
Michael Porter is well known for his forces framework which remains one
of the best ways to assess an industry’s underlying structure.
1
One important component of industry analysis involves analyzing into the
industry’s competitive forces to discover what the main forces of competitive pressure
are and how strong each competitive force it.
Michael Porter provided a framework that models an industry as being
influenced by five forces.
While some investors and analysts employ the framework to declare an industry
attractive or unattractive , Porter recommends using industry analysis to understand “the
underpinnings of competition and root causes of profitability.”
A model consisting of five competitive force has been proposed – threat of
new entrants . rivalry among competitors , bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power
of buyers and threat of substitute products – that determine the intensity of industry
competition and profitability.
Rivalry among Existing Competitors: -
 Two types of rivalry:
(1) Inside India
1
(2) Outside India.
 International rivals Such as, Chile.
 Threat from producing nation like U.A.E , Middle East and Africa.
 Products with reasonable price and high quality.
Bargaining Power of Suppliers:-
 In Machinery making industry the suppliers are U.A.E , Africa , Western Europe ,
South Asia and Middle East.
 Few Alternatives of Fully automatic Machines and Two steps Plastic cup making
Machines.
 Skilled labor
 Bargaining power of India is enhanced because India is largest consumer of
Disposable and Plastic cup making Machinery.
Bargaining Power of Buyers:-
 Divided in two types
1.) Domestic buyers
2.) Foreign buyers
 As investment (Demand increase) Bargaining power of Indian exporter went
unchallenged.
 Expertise require to fulfill the needs of buyers world over.
Threat of Substitutes:
1
 Substitutes are Plastic Foam Plate and Cup and Food Box making Machine ,
Injection molding machine for making plastic bowls /plats / cups and spoons , 2014 New
style plastic plates and cups making Machines etc.
 Status and standard of living become fast and increase level Consumption , so
demand of products of use and throw is increasing at high rate.
 Time, Money, Personal Preferences and convenience should also consider in the
machinery making Industry.
Threat of New Entrants:-
 High capital requirement.
 Government subsidy.
 EXIM policy & government’s rules-regulations are high.
 Skilled manpower is essential.
 Advanced technology required.
1
IMPORT/EXPORT POLICIES & PROCEDURES FOR
DISPOSABLE CUP MAKING MACHINE
IMPORT CUSTOMS PROCEDURES IN CHILE:
CUSTOMS PROCEDURES:
 Import Procedures:
Chile is a very open market. All natural persons or legal entities are authorized to carry
out import transactions. In spite of the liberal import regime, licenses are required for
goods whose value is over 3,500 USD. In principle, they are granted automatically by the
Central Bank of Chile. The importer must present an "Informe de Importacion", a
document which must go through the commercial bank.
The commercial forms used by both importers and exporters are commercial invoices,
certificates of origin, bills of lading, freight insurance and packing lists. Special
permission, certificates, and approval documents, such as sanitary and phytosanitary
certificates, are required for most agricultural products and in special cases for industrial
products.
 Specific Import Procedures:
Chile only approves the import of processed food products on a case-by-case basis.To
bring in a product, the importer must obtain the permission of the Health Service Officer
at the port of entry.
 Importing Samples:
It is possible to export temporarily to Chile according to the procedure in the ATA 12
documentation. It allows temporary admission: - of commercial samples, - merchandise
en route to markets, exhibitions and other commercial displays, - professional materials.
The carnet ATA equally applies to postal and transit traffic. On the other hand it is not
acceptable as regards unaccompanied merchandise.
1
COMMON EXPORT DOCUMENTS
This section covers documents that are commonly used in exporting, but specific requirements
vary by destination and product. It is divided into the following subsections: common export
documents, transportation documents, export compliance documents, certificates of origin, other
certificates for shipments of specific goods and, other export-related documents.
COMMON EXPORT DOCUMENTS:
 Commercial Invoice:
A commercial invoice is a bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer. These invoices are
often used by governments to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties.
Governments that use the commercial invoice to control imports will often specify its form,
content, number of copies, language to be used, and other characteristics.
 Export Packing List:
Considerably more detailed and informative than a standard domestic packing list, an export
packing list lists seller, buyer, shipper, invoice number, date of shipment, mode of transport,
carrier, and itemizes quantity, description, the type of package, such as a box, crate, drum, or
carton, the quantity of packages, total net and gross weight (in kilograms), package marks, and
dimensions, if appropriate. Both commercial stationers and freight forwarders carry packing list
forms. A packing list may serve as conforming document. It is not a substitute for a commercial
invoice.
 Pro Forma Invoice:
A pro forma invoice is an invoice prepared by the exporter before shipping the goods, informing
the buyer of the goods to be sent, their value, and other key specifications. It also can be used as
an offering of sale or price quotation.
1
TRANSPORTATION DOCUMENTS:
 Airway Bill:
Air freight shipments require airway bills. Airway bills are shipper-specific (i.e., USPS, Fed-Ex,
UPS, DHL, etc.).
 Bill of Lading:
A bill of lading is a contract between the owner of the goods and the carrier (as with domestic
shipments). For vessels, there are two types: a straight bill of lading, which is non-negotiable,
and a negotiable or shipper's order bill of lading. The latter can be bought, sold, or traded while
the goods are in transit. The customer usually needs an original as proof of ownership to take
possession of the goods.
Electronic Export Information Filing (formerly known as the Shipper’s Export Declaration)
Electronic Export Information (EEI) is the most common of all export control documents. It is
required for shipments above $2,500* and for shipments of any value requiring an export
license.
EXPORT COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTS:
 Export Licenses:
An export license is a government document that authorizes the export of specific goods in
specific quantities to a particular destination. This document may be required for most or all
exports to some countries or for other countries only under special circumstances. Examples of
export license certificates include those issued by the Department of Commerce’s Bureau of
Industry and Security, the State Department’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.
 Destination Control Statement:
A Destination Control Statement (DCS) is required for exports from the United States for items
on the Commerce Control List that are outside of EAR99 (products for which no license is
required) or controlled under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). A DCS
appears on the commercial invoice, ocean bill of lading, or airway bill to notify the carrier and
all foreign parties that the item can be exported only to certain destinations.
1
CERTIFICATES OF ORGIN:
 Generic Certificate of Origin:
The Certificate of Origin (CO) is required by some countries for all or only certain products. In
many cases, a statement of origin printed on company letterhead will suffice. The exporter
should verify whether a CO is required with the buyer and/or an experienced shipper/freight
forwarder or the Trade Information Center.
OTHER CERTIFICATES FOR SHIPMENTS OF SPECIFIC GOODS:
 Certificate of Analysis:
A certificate of analysis can be required for seeds, grain, health foods, dietary supplements,
fruits and vegetables, and pharmaceutical products.
 Certificate of Free Sale:
Certificate of free sale may be issued for biologics, food, drugs, medical devices and veterinary
medicine. More information is available from the Food and Drug Administration. Health
authorities in some states as well as some trade associations also issue Certificates of Free Sale.
 Dangerous Goods Certificate:
Exports submitted for handling by air carriers and air freight forwarders classified as dangerous
goods need to be accompanied by the Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods required by
the International Air Transport Association (IATA). The exporter is responsible for accuracy of
the form and ensuring that requirements related to packaging, marking, and other required
information by IATA have been met.
For shipment of dangerous goods it is critical to identify goods by proper name, comply with
packaging and labeling requirements, which vary depending upon the type of product shipper
and the country shipped to.
For ocean exports, hazardous material regulations are contained in the International Maritime
Dangerous Goods regulations.
 Health Certificate:
For shipment of live animals and animal products (processed foodstuffs, poultry, meat, fish,
seafood, dairy products, and eggs and egg products). Note: some countries require that health
certificates be notarized or certified by a chamber and legalized by a consulate. Health
certificates are issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS).
 Inspection Certificate:
1
Weight and Quality certificates should be provided in accordance with governing USDA/GIPSA
regulations for loading at port and loading at source/mill site as appropriate. A certificate of
origin certified by the local chamber of commerce at the load port and a phytosanitary certificate
issued by APHIS/USDA and fumigation certificate are to be provided to the buyer. Costs of all
inspection, as well as certificates/documents at the load port, are usually the responsibility of the
seller. Independent inspection certificates may required in some instances.
 Pre-Shipment Inspections :
The governments of a number of countries have contracted with international inspection
companies to verify the quantity, quality, and price of shipments imported into their countries.
The purpose of such inspections is to ensure that the price charged by the exporter reflects the
true value of the goods, to prevent substandard goods from entering the country, and to deflect
attempts to avoid payment of customs duties. Requirements for pre-shipment inspection are
normally spelled out in letter-of-credit or other documentary requirements.
 Insurance Certificate:
Insurance certificates are used to assure the consignee that insurance will cover the loss of or
damage to the cargo during transit. These can be obtained from your freight forwarder or
publishing house. Note: an airway bill can serve as an insurance certificate for a shipment by air.
Some countries may require certification or notification.
 Radiation Certificate:
Some counties including Saudi Arabia may require this certificate for some plant and animal
imports. The certificate states that the products are not contaminated by radioactivity.
 Other (Product-Specific) Certificates:
Shaving brushes and articles made of raw hair must be accompanied by a recognized official
certificate showing the consignment to be free from anthrax germs. Used clothing requires a
disinfection certificate. Grain requires a fumigation certificate, and grain and seeds require a
certificate of weight. Many countries in the Middle East require special certificates for imports
of animal fodder additives, livestock, pets, and horses.
 Weight Certificate :
A certificate of weight is a document issued by customs, certifying gross weight of the exported
goods.
OTHER EXPORT-RELATED DOCUMENTS:
 Consular Invoice:
1
Required in some countries, a consular invoice describes the shipment of goods and shows
information such as the consignor, consignee, and value of the shipment.
 Canadian Customs Invoice:
Although not required by regulation, this customs invoice is a preferred document by Canadian
Customs and customs brokers. It is issued in Canadian dollars for dutiable and taxable exports
exceeding $1600 Canadian dollars.
 Dock Receipt and Warehouse Receipt:
A dock receipt and warehouse receipt are used to transfer accountability when the export item is
moved by the domestic carrier to the port of embarkation and left with the ship line for export.
 Import License:
Import licenses are the responsibility of the importer and vary depending upon destination and
product. However, including a copy of an import license with the rest of your documentation
may in some cases help avoid problems with customs in the destination country.
MODE OF ENTRY TO FOREIGN MARKETS
1
There are two major types of entry modes: equity and non-equity modes. The non-equity modes
category includes export and contractual agreements. The equity modes category includes:
joint venture and wholly owned subsidiaries
 EXPORTING:
Exporting is the process of selling of goods and services produced in one country to other
countries.
There are two types of exporting: direct and indirect.
1) Direct Exports:
Direct exports represent the most basic mode of exporting made by a (holding) company,
capitalizing on economies of scale in production concentrated in the home country and affording
better control over distribution. Direct export works the best if the volumes are small. Large
volumes of export may trigger protectionism. The main characteristic of direct exports entry
model is that there are no intermediaries.
Passive exports represent the treating and filling overseas orders like domestic orders.
Types:
 Sales representatives:
Sales representatives represent foreign suppliers/manufacturers in their local markets for an
established commission on sales. Provide support services to a manufacturer regarding local
advertising, local sales presentations, customs clearance formalities, legal requirements.
Manufacturers of highly technical services or products such as production machinery, benefit the
most form sales representation.
 Importing distributors:
Importing distributors purchase product in their own right and resell it in their local markets to
wholesalers, retailers, or both. Importing distributors are a good market entry strategy for
products that are carried in inventory, such as toys, appliances, prepared food.
Advantages:
• Control over selection of foreign markets and choice of foreign representative companies
• Good information feedback from target market, developing better relationships with the
buyers
• Better protection of trademarks, patents, goodwill, and other intangible property
• Potentially greater sales, and therefore greater profit, than with indirect exporting.
1
Disadvantages:
• Higher start-up costs and higher risks as opposed to indirect exporting
• Requires higher investments of time, resources and personnel and also organizational
changes
• Greater information requirements
• Longer time-to-market as opposed to indirect exporting.
2) Indirect Exports
Indirect exports are the process of exporting through domestically based export intermediaries.
The exporter has no control over its products in the foreign market.
Types:
 Export trading companies (ETCs):
These provide support services of the entire export process for one or more suppliers.
Attractive to suppliers that are not familiar with exporting as ETCs usually perform all
the necessary work: locate overseas trading partners, present the product, quote on
specific enquiries, etc.
 Export management companies (EMCs):
These are similar to ETCs in the way that they usually export for producers. Unlike
ETCs, they rarely take on export credit risks and carry one type of product, not
representing competing ones. Usually, EMCs trade on behalf of their suppliers as their
export departments.
 Export merchants:
Export merchants are wholesale companies that buy unpackaged products from
suppliers/manufacturers for resale overseas under their own brand names. The advantage
of export merchants is promotion. One of the disadvantages for using export merchants
result in presence of identical products under different brand names and pricing on the
market, meaning that export merchant’s activities may hinder manufacturer’s exporting
efforts.
 Confirming houses:
These are intermediate sellers that work for foreign buyers. They receive the product
requirements from their clients, negotiate purchases, make delivery, and pay the
suppliers/manufacturers. An opportunity here arises in the fact that if the client likes the
product it may become a trade representative. A potential disadvantage includes
1
supplier’s unawareness and lack of control over what a confirming house does with their
product.
 Nonconforming purchasing agents:
These are similar to confirming houses with the exception that they do not pay the
suppliers directly – payments take place between a supplier/manufacturer and a foreign
buyer.
Advantages:
• Fast market access
• Concentration of resources towards production
• Little or no financial commitment as the clients' exports usually covers most expenses
associated with international sales.
• Low risk exists for companies who consider their domestic market to be more important
and for companies that are still developing their R&D, marketing, and sales strategies.
• Export management is outsourced, alleviating pressure from management team
• No direct handle of export processes.
Disadvantages:
• Little or no control over distribution, sales, marketing, etc. as opposed to direct exporting
• Wrong choice of distributor, and by effect, market, may lead to inadequate market
feedback affecting the international success of the company
• Potentially lower sales as compared to direct exporting (although low volume can be a
key aspect of successfully exporting directly). Export partners that incorrectly select a
specific distributor/market may hinder a firm's functional ability.
 LICENSING:
An international licensing agreement allows foreign firms, either exclusively or non-exclusively
to manufacture a proprietor’s product for a fixed term in a specific market.
Summarizing, in this foreign market entry mode, a licensor in the home country makes limited
rights or resources available to the licensee in the host country. The rights or resources may
include patents, trademarks, managerial skills, technology, and others that can make it possible
for the licensee to manufacture and sell in the host country a similar product to the one the
licensor has already been producing and selling in the home country without requiring the
licensor to open a new operation overseas. The licensor earnings usually take forms of one time
payments, technical fees and royalty payments usually calculated as a percentage of sales.
As in this mode of entry the transference of knowledge between the parental company and the
licensee is strongly present, the decision of making an international license agreement depend on
the respect the host government show for intellectual property and on the ability of the licensor
1
to choose the right partners and avoid them to compete in each other market. Licensing is a
relatively flexible work agreement that can be customized to fit the needs and interests of both,
licensor and licensee.
Following are the main advantages and reasons to use an international licensing for expanding
internationally:
• Obtain extra income for technical know-how and services
• Reach new markets not accessible by export from existing facilities
• Quickly expand without much risk and large capital investment
• Pave the way for future investments in the market
• Retain established markets closed by trade restrictions
• Political risk is minimized as the licensee is usually 100% locally owned
• Is highly attractive for companies that are new in international business.
On the other hand, international licensing is a foreign market entry mode that presents some
disadvantages and reasons why companies should not use it as:
• Lower income than in other entry modes
• Loss of control of the licensee manufacture and marketing operations and practices
leading to loss of quality
• Risk of having the trademark and reputation ruined by an incompetent partner
• The foreign partner can also become a competitor by selling its production in places
where the parental company is already in.
 FRANCHISING:
The by the franchisor. In addition to that, while a licensing agreement involves things such as
intellectual property, trade secrets and others while in franchising it is limited to trademarks and
operating know-how of the business.
Advantages of the international franchising mode:
• Low political risk
• Low cost
• Allows simultaneous expansion into different regions of the world
• Well selected partners bring financial investment as well as managerial capabilities to the
operation.
1
 TURNKEY PROJECTS:
A turnkey project refers to a project when clients pay contractors to design and construct new
facilities and train personnel. A turnkey project is a way for a foreign company to export its
process and technology to other countries by building a plant in that country. Industrial
companies that specialize in complex production technologies normally use turnkey projects as
an entry strategy.
One of the major advantages of turnkey projects is the possibility for a company to establish a
plant and earn profits in a foreign country especially in which foreign direct investment
opportunities are limited and lack of expertise in a specific area exists.
Potential disadvantages of a turnkey project for a company include risk of revealing companies
secrets to rivals, and takeover of their plant by the host country. Entering a market with a
turnkey project CAN prove that a company has no long-term interest in the country which can
become a disadvantage if the country proves to be the main market for the output of the exported
process.
 WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARIES (WOS):
A wholly owned subsidiary includes two types of strategies: Greenfield investment and
Acquisitions. Greenfield investment and acquisition include both advantages and disadvantages.
To decide which entry modes to use is depending on situations.
Greenfield investment is the establishment of a new wholly owned subsidiary. It is often
complex and potentially costly, but it is able to provide full control to the firm and has the most
potential to provide above average return. “Wholly owned subsidiaries and expatriate staff are
preferred in service industries where close contact with end customers and high levels of
professional skills, specialized know how, and customization are required.” Greenfield
investment is more likely preferred where physical capital intensive plants are planned. This
strategy is attractive if there are no competitors to buy or the transfer competitive advantages
that consists of embedded competencies, skills, routines, and culture.
Greenfield investment is high risk due to the costs of establishing a new business in a new
country. A firm may need to acquire knowledge and expertise of the existing market by third
parties, such consultant, competitors, or business partners. This entry strategy takes much time
due to the need of establishing new operations, distribution networks, and the necessity to learn
and implement appropriate marketing strategies to compete with rivals in a new market.
Acquisition has become a popular mode of entering foreign markets mainly due to its quick
access. Acquisition strategy offers the fastest, and the largest, initial international expansion of
any of the alternative.
Acquisition has been increasing because it is a way to achieve greater market power. The market
share usually is affected by market power. Therefore, many multinational corporations apply
1
acquisitions to achieve their greater market power, which require buying a competitor, a
supplier, a distributor, or a business in highly related industry to allow exercise of a core
competency and capture competitive advantage in the market.
Acquisition is lower risk than Greenfield investment because of the outcomes of an acquisition
can be estimated more easily and accurately. In overall, acquisition is attractive if there are well
established firms already in operations or competitors want to enter the region.
On the other hand, there are many disadvantages and problems in achieving acquisition success.
• Integrating two organizations can be quite difficult due to different organization cultures,
control system, and relationships.Integration is a complex issue, but it is one of the most
important things for organizations.
• By applying acquisitions, some companies significantly increased their levels of debt
which can have negative effects on the firms because high debt may cause bankruptcy.
• Too much diversification may cause problems. Even when a firm is not too over
diversified, a high level of diversification can have a negative effect on the firm in the
long-term performance due to a lack of management of diversification.
 JOINT VENTURE:
There are five common objectives in a joint venture: market entry, risk/reward sharing,
technology sharing and joint product development, and conforming to government regulations.
Other benefits include political connections and distribution channel access that may depend on
relationships.
Such alliances often are favourable when:
• The partners' strategic goals converge while their competitive goals diverge
• The partners' size, market power, and resources are small compared to the Industry
leaders
• Partners are able to learn from one another while limiting access to their own proprietary
skills
The key issues to consider in a joint venture are ownership, control, length of agreement,
pricing, technology transfer, local firm capabilities and resources, and government intentions.
Potential problems include:
• Conflict over asymmetric new investments
• Mistrust over proprietary knowledge
• Performance ambiguity - how to split the pie
• Lack of parent firm support
1
• Cultural clashes
• If, how, and when to terminate the relationship
Joint ventures have conflicting pressures to cooperate and compete:
• Strategic imperative: the partners want to maximize the advantage gained for the joint
venture, but they also want to maximize their own competitive position.
• The joint venture attempts to develop shared resources, but each firm wants to develop
and protect its own proprietary resources.
• The joint venture is controlled through negotiations and coordination processes, while
each firm would like to have hierarchical control.
 STRATEGIC ALLIANCE:
A strategic alliance is a type of cooperative agreements between different firms, such as shared
research, formal joint ventures, or minority equity participation.The modern form of strategic
alliances is becoming increasingly popular and has three distinguishing characteristics:
1. They are frequently between firms in industrialized nations.
2. The focus is often on creating new products and/or technologies rather than distributing
existing ones.
3. They are often only created for short term durations.
Advantages:
Some advantages of a strategic alliance include:
 Technology exchange:
This is a major objective for many strategic alliances. The reason for this is that many
breakthroughs and major technological innovations are based on interdisciplinary and/or
inter-industrial advances. Because of this, it is increasingly difficult for a single firm to
possess the necessary resources or capabilities to conduct their own effective R&D
efforts. This is also perpetuated by shorter product life cycles and the need for many
companies to stay competitive through innovation. Some industries that have become
centers for extensive cooperative agreements are:
• Telecommunications
• Electronics
• Pharmaceuticals
1
• Information technology
• Specialty chemicals
 Global competition:
There is a growing perception that global battles between corporations be fought
between teams of players aligned in strategic partnerships.Strategic alliances will
become key tools for companies if they want to remain competitive in this globalized
environment, particularly in industries that have dominant leaders, such as cell phone
manufactures, where smaller companies need to ally in order to remain competitive.
 Industry convergence:
As industries converge and the traditional lines between different industrial sectors blur,
strategic alliances are sometimes the only way to develop the complex skills necessary in
the time frame required. Alliances become a way of shaping competition by decreasing
competitive intensity, excluding potential entrants, and isolating players, and building
complex value chains that can act as barriers.
 Economies of scale and reduction of risk:
Pooling resources can contribute greatly to economies of scale, and smaller companies
especially can benefit greatly from strategic alliances in terms of cost reduction because
of increased economies of scale.
In terms on risk reduction, in strategic alliances no one firm bears the full risk, and cost of, a
joint activity. This is extremely advantageous to businesses involved in high risk / cost activities
such as R&D. This is also advantageous to smaller organizations which are more affected by
risky activities.
 Alliance as an alternative to merger:
Some industry sectors have constraints to cross-border mergers and acquisitions,
strategic alliances prove to be an excellent alternative to bypass these constraints.
1
Alliances often lead to full-scale integration if restrictions are lifted by one or both
countries.
Disadvantages:
1. Difficult to find a good partner
2. Risk of unequal partnership
3. Loss of control
4. Relationship management across borders.
SUPPORTING INSTITUTES TO FACILITATE
EXPORT/IMPORT
Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) - Web site of EXIM Bank:
Export-Import Bank of India (Exam Bank) www.eximbankindia.in Export-Import Bank of India
(EXIM Bank) is a specialized financial institution, wholly owned by Government of India, set
up in 1982, for financing, facilitating and promoting foreign trade of India. EXIM Bank extends
Lines of Credit (LOCs) to overseas financial institutions, regional development banks, sovereign
governments and other entities overseas, to enable buyers in those countries to import
developmental and infrastructure projects, equipment, goods and services from India, on
deferred credit terms. EXIM Bank has laid strong emphasis on enhancing project exports, the
funding options for which have been enhanced with introduction of the Buyer's Credit-National
Export Insurance Account (BC-NEIA) program. The Bank facilitates two-way technology
transfer by financing import of technology into India, and investment abroad by Indian
companies for setting up joint ventures, subsidiaries or undertaking overseas acquisitions. To
promote hi-tech exports from India, the Bank has a lending programmed to finance research and
development (R&D) activities of export-oriented companies. During the year ended 31st March,
2013, EXIM Bank sanctioned loans of Rs.40, 960crore, while disbursements amounted to
Rs.40,635 crore. Loan Assets stood at Rs.65, 563crore as on March 31, 2013.
EXIM Bank has put in place a Technology and Innovation Enhancement and Infrastructure
Development (TIEID) Fund of US$ 500 million exclusively for MSMEs by partnering with
Banks/FIs. TIEID seeks to meet long term foreign currency loan requirements of the MSME
sector in addition to offering short-term export credit refinance in rupee and foreign currency.
The Bank has put in place an Export Marketing Services (EMS) Programme to assist Indian
companies in identification of prospective business partners, facilitating placement of final
orders and also identification of opportunities for setting up plants or projects or for acquisition
of companies overseas. During 2012-13, EXIM Bank became the first ever Indian entity to be
1
included in the Emerging Market Bond Index. The Bank became the first Indian entity to tap the
Australian Dollar market and Singapore Dollar market.
FINANCIAL PLAN
7.1 REQUIREMENTS
Titus Mold Manufacturing, Inc. requires $4,450,000 to launch and operate. We are currently
seeking funding from outside investors and business loans. We are also looking into additional
options including supplier financing, deferred rent, subleasing space, partnerships, vending and
client advance payment.
At this time, we have raised $450,000 in working capital and are seeking the additional funds to
start our business. We have raised $150,000 in venture capital funds. In addition, co-owners
John Baker, Michael Smith and Susan Jones have each invested $100,000 into the company.
7.2 USE OF FUNDS
The start-up funds will be used to cover operating costs including payroll, taxes, and utilities.
Start-up funds will also be used to purchase capital expenditures such as leasehold
improvements, software and machinery, which will produce future benefits for the company.
Approximately forty percent will be spent on assets, while the other sixty percent will be spent
on operations until we realize profitability.
7.3 INCOME STATEMENT PROJECTIONS
The accompanying income statement demonstrates our company's profitability. Our income
shows a gross profit margin of seventy-two percent. Our monthly operating expenses average
$116,325. Projected net income will average $54,075 per month in our third year.
After completing a comprehensive break-even analysis, we will achieve our break-even point by
the middle of year two.
7.4 CASH FLOW PROJECTIONS
The nature of our business requires that our company collect payment after the product is
complete. So we have included the accompanying cash flow statement, which projects our
1
monthly flow of cash. While we expect to reach break-even by our eighteenth month, it will take
nearly two years to become cash flow positive.
7.5 BALANCE SHEET
Our balance sheet will depend greatly on our sources of capital. We expect to raise
approximately $1.5 million through loans and $2.95 million through equity capital.
Our assets will be comprised of cash, leasehold improvements, equipment, software and other
tangible assets.
7.6 ASSUMPTIONS
Our projections are based on the assumption that the manufacturing industry, particularly the
medical and automotive industries, will continue to follow present trends. Industry regulation
and government legislation is always poised to interfere with business projections, but there are
no indications at this time to expect any negative influence to our projections. Additionally, we
are not relying on new regulations or the passage of new legislation to enable our company to
reach our projected numbers.
1
Balance sheet of 1st
year
Labiality Amt Asset Amt
Owned capital Land & building
810000 3745000
+ net profit - dep. 299600 3445400
6040280 6850280 Plant &
machinery
Barrowed
capital
500000
6000000 - dep.40000 460000
+ int. on loan Computer
660000 5340000 50000
-dep.1000 49000
Creditors 100000 Furniture
100000
Bill payable 900000 -dep.5000 95000
Cash balance 7217400
Closing stock 1480000
Bill receivable 100000
Debtors 150000
Bank balance 193480
13190280 13190280
1
TRADING ACCOUNT OF 2nd
YEAR
Particular Amt Particular Amt
To opening stock 1480000 By Sales A/c 6000000
To perches 900000 Closing stock 4150000
to wages 170000
To utility 20000
To gross profit (?) 7580000
10150000 10150000
Profit & loss account of 2nd
year
Particular Amt Particular Amt
To salary acc. By gross profit 7580000
Manager 125000
Supervisor 85000
Clerk 37000
Account 97000
To dep.acc.
Machinery 40000
Land & building 299600
Furniture 5000
Computer 1000
To indirect
expense
Postage &
stationery
25000
Telephone 73000
Advertise 73000
Repair &
maintains
7800
Tax 10000
Sales expense 40000
Mis .expense 528000
Interest on loan 6000
1
Net profit 6127600
7580000 7580000
Balance sheet of 2nd
year
Labiality Amt Asset Amt
Owned
capital
Land & building
810000 3445400
+ net profit - dep. 299600 3145800
6127600 6937600 Plant &
machinery
Barrowed
capital
460000
6000000 - dep.40000 420000
+ int. on loan Computer
660000 5340000 49000
-dep.1000 48000
Creditors 700000 Furniture
95000
Bill payable 50000 -dep.5000 90000
Cash balance 720000
Closing stock 20000
Bill receivable 40000
Debtors 4150000
Bank balance 4393800
13027600 13027600
1
TRADING ACCOUNT OF 3rd
YEAR
Particular Amt Particular Amt
To opening stock 454000 By Sales A/c 12800000
To perches 1210000 Closing stock 9150000
to wages 182000
To utility 110000
To gross profit (?) 19994000
21950000 21950000
Profit & loss account of 3rd
year
Particular Amt Particular Amt
To salary acc. By gross profit 19994000
Manager 126000
Supervisor 80000
Clerk 38000
Account 48000
To dep.acc.
Machinery 40000
Land &
building
299600
Furniture 5000
Computer 1000
To indirect
expense
Postage &
stationery
750000
Telephone 600000
Advertise 72000
Repair &
maintains
73000
Tax 657800
Sales expense 300000
Mis .expense 3700000
1
Interest on
loan
396000
Net profit 12807600
19994000 19994000
Balance sheet of 3rd
year
Labiality Amt Asset Amt
Owned capital Land &
building
810000 3145800
+ net profit - dep. 299600 2846200
12807600 13617600 Plant &
machinery
Barrowed capital 420000
6000000 - dep.40000 380000
+ int. on loan Computer
660000 5340000 48000
-dep.1000 47000
Creditors 200000 Furniture
90000
Bill payable 100000 -dep.5000 85000
Cash balance 73000
Closing stock 9150000
Bill receivable 48000
Debtors 40000
Bank balance 6588400
19257600 19257600
1
TRADING ACCOUNT OF 4th
YEAR
Particular Amt Particular Amt
To opening stock 2956600 By Sales A/c 14800000
To perches 1220000 Closing stock 17650000
to wages 183000
To utility 112000
To gross profit (?) 27978400
32450000 32450000
Profit & loss account of 4th
year
Particular Amt Particular Amt
To salary acc. By gross profit 27978400
Manager 258000
Supervisor 81000
Clerk 50000
Account 99000
To dep.acc.
Machinery 40000
Land &
building
299600
Furniture 5000
Computer 1000
To indirect
expense
Postage &
stationery
800000
Telephone 1316800
Advertise 78000
Repair &
maintains
75000
Tax 869500
1
Sales expense 320000
Mis .expense 900000
Interest on
loan
264000
Net profit 22521500
27978400 27978400
BREAKEVEN POINT & LIST CHART
Break- Even analysis is a concept used very widely in
the production management and costing. It is an analytical tool
which helps the firm to identify that level of sale where it will cover
its cost of production. Any sale over and above the break- Even
Point will accrue profits to the firm, while any sales less than it
1
would put the firm into losses. The Break- Even Point shows the
price at which the firm makes neither profit nor loss.
1
Limitation of BEP:-
1)For the break- even point to be counted, all costs need to be
clearly categorized in fixed and variable costs, which may not be
possible every time.
2)For the multiple- product or joint- product operations, it is
difficult to apply the break- even analysis. On needs to ascertain
the costs to each product> hence the analysis is applicable only for
single product.
3)The computation of break- even point is based on the
historical information. If this information is not relevant, the
analysis can not be applied usefully.
Significance of Break- Even Analysis
The break- even analysis helps us to determine the levels
of sales necessary to meet all the operating costs. With the
estimates of revenue and costs, we can forecast the profits. One can
also appraise the effects of change in price, fixed costs and variable
cost on sales volume, total cost and total revenue and in turn, on
the break- even point. One can compare the profit earning
capacities of different firms. It can also bring out the significance of
capacity utilization for achieving economy.
BEP ANALYSIS
1
1) PVR = C X100
S
=2377200 X100
4650000
=51.12%
BEP = FC
PVR
= 1999600
51.12%
= 3911580.59
2) PVR = C X100
S
=5637200 X100
8050000
=70.03%
BEP = FC
1
PVR
= 2018080
70.03%
=2881736.40
3) PVR = C X100
S
= 5021829 X100
7500000
=66.96%
BEP = FC
PVR
= 1958560
66.96%
=2924970.13
1
4)PVR = C X100
S
=6189572 X100
8700000
=71.14
BEP = FC
PVR
= 1946270
71.14%
= 2735830.76
1
5) PVR = C X100
S
=6931002 X100
9550000
=72.58%
BEP = FC
PVR
= 1896798
72.58%
=2613389.36
1
RATIO ANALYLSIS
(1) GROSS PROFIT RATIO= Gross Profit x 100
Net Sales
= 24398000 x 100
19000000
=128.41%
(2) NET PROFIT RATIO = Net Profit x 100
Total Sales
= 14041000x 100
19000000
= 73.9%
(3)STOCK TURNOVER RATIO = SALES X 100
CLOSSING STOCK
= 19000000X100
7030000
= 270.27%
1
(4) RETURN ON INVESTEMENT=EBIT x 100
Capital
= 16152400 x 100
810000
= 19.94%
5) EXPENS RATIO = EXPENS X 100
SALES
= 33000X100
19000000
= 0.17%
1

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Andere mochten auch

Gcsr hand book 2014 15
Gcsr hand book 2014 15Gcsr hand book 2014 15
Gcsr hand book 2014 15Amish Soni
 
GCSR GTU Turkey Venezuela Germany Taiwan
GCSR GTU Turkey Venezuela Germany TaiwanGCSR GTU Turkey Venezuela Germany Taiwan
GCSR GTU Turkey Venezuela Germany TaiwanDarshana Chauhan
 
Vittal papermachine-project.pdf
Vittal papermachine-project.pdfVittal papermachine-project.pdf
Vittal papermachine-project.pdfkingdomvoip
 
Paper cups project report
Paper cups project reportPaper cups project report
Paper cups project reportArnold Folivi
 
Paper cutting & rewinding machine project report sreesangh p ghosh
Paper cutting & rewinding machine   project report sreesangh p ghoshPaper cutting & rewinding machine   project report sreesangh p ghosh
Paper cutting & rewinding machine project report sreesangh p ghoshSreesangh P Ghosh
 
Human resource planning and Job Evaluation
Human resource planning and Job EvaluationHuman resource planning and Job Evaluation
Human resource planning and Job EvaluationAshish Jain
 
Information technology industry of india
Information technology industry of indiaInformation technology industry of india
Information technology industry of indiaAjay Kumar
 
Business proposal for rqeady made shirts
Business proposal for rqeady made shirtsBusiness proposal for rqeady made shirts
Business proposal for rqeady made shirtsRajesh Patel
 
EXPORT PROCEDURE & DOCUMENTATION
EXPORT PROCEDURE & DOCUMENTATIONEXPORT PROCEDURE & DOCUMENTATION
EXPORT PROCEDURE & DOCUMENTATIONvikas chauhan
 
Preparation of project report for bank finance
Preparation of project report for bank financePreparation of project report for bank finance
Preparation of project report for bank financeRevanth Rao
 
Market entry strategies
Market entry strategiesMarket entry strategies
Market entry strategiesVineet Sansare
 

Andere mochten auch (14)

Gcsr hand book 2014 15
Gcsr hand book 2014 15Gcsr hand book 2014 15
Gcsr hand book 2014 15
 
GCSR GTU Turkey Venezuela Germany Taiwan
GCSR GTU Turkey Venezuela Germany TaiwanGCSR GTU Turkey Venezuela Germany Taiwan
GCSR GTU Turkey Venezuela Germany Taiwan
 
Vittal papermachine-project.pdf
Vittal papermachine-project.pdfVittal papermachine-project.pdf
Vittal papermachine-project.pdf
 
Paper cups project report
Paper cups project reportPaper cups project report
Paper cups project report
 
Paper cutting & rewinding machine project report sreesangh p ghosh
Paper cutting & rewinding machine   project report sreesangh p ghoshPaper cutting & rewinding machine   project report sreesangh p ghosh
Paper cutting & rewinding machine project report sreesangh p ghosh
 
Human resource planning and Job Evaluation
Human resource planning and Job EvaluationHuman resource planning and Job Evaluation
Human resource planning and Job Evaluation
 
Information technology industry of india
Information technology industry of indiaInformation technology industry of india
Information technology industry of india
 
IT Industry in India
IT Industry in IndiaIT Industry in India
IT Industry in India
 
Business proposal for rqeady made shirts
Business proposal for rqeady made shirtsBusiness proposal for rqeady made shirts
Business proposal for rqeady made shirts
 
EXPORT PROCEDURE & DOCUMENTATION
EXPORT PROCEDURE & DOCUMENTATIONEXPORT PROCEDURE & DOCUMENTATION
EXPORT PROCEDURE & DOCUMENTATION
 
Preparation of project report for bank finance
Preparation of project report for bank financePreparation of project report for bank finance
Preparation of project report for bank finance
 
IT ppt
IT pptIT ppt
IT ppt
 
Indian IT Industry overview
Indian IT Industry overviewIndian IT Industry overview
Indian IT Industry overview
 
Market entry strategies
Market entry strategiesMarket entry strategies
Market entry strategies
 

Ähnlich wie Gcsr report BY JITHARA DHARMESH

A Brief Cultural History Of Dr. Guerrero Essay
A Brief Cultural History Of Dr. Guerrero EssayA Brief Cultural History Of Dr. Guerrero Essay
A Brief Cultural History Of Dr. Guerrero EssayRobyn Champagne
 
Ethical Issues In Chile
Ethical Issues In ChileEthical Issues In Chile
Ethical Issues In ChileTamika Brown
 
The Haiti Education Alliance (THEA) Rehabilitation and Child Development
The Haiti Education Alliance (THEA) Rehabilitation and Child DevelopmentThe Haiti Education Alliance (THEA) Rehabilitation and Child Development
The Haiti Education Alliance (THEA) Rehabilitation and Child DevelopmentCynthia Mudd
 
Chile Research Paper
Chile Research PaperChile Research Paper
Chile Research PaperDawn Mora
 
The Political Environment Of The Philippines
The Political Environment Of The PhilippinesThe Political Environment Of The Philippines
The Political Environment Of The PhilippinesJulie Smith
 
2012 THEA info brunch ppt
2012 THEA info brunch ppt2012 THEA info brunch ppt
2012 THEA info brunch pptCynthia Mudd
 
evolutionofhumansocieties-220303123842.pdf
evolutionofhumansocieties-220303123842.pdfevolutionofhumansocieties-220303123842.pdf
evolutionofhumansocieties-220303123842.pdfEidTahir
 
Evolution of Human Societies
Evolution of Human SocietiesEvolution of Human Societies
Evolution of Human SocietiesCresiljenBongo
 
Chile sslc november 2011
Chile sslc   november 2011Chile sslc   november 2011
Chile sslc november 2011wtchilefd
 
Economics in education1/financing Education
Economics in education1/financing EducationEconomics in education1/financing Education
Economics in education1/financing EducationReve Faith Bagas
 
The Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard KeynesThe Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard KeynesTiffany Rose
 
The Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard KeynesThe Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard KeynesHeather Gonzalez
 
The Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard KeynesThe Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard KeynesDonna Gallegos
 
MagazineNOBLEED.compressed
MagazineNOBLEED.compressedMagazineNOBLEED.compressed
MagazineNOBLEED.compressedHiran Adhia
 
State of the Nation Address 2012
State of the Nation Address 2012State of the Nation Address 2012
State of the Nation Address 2012Rdc Cordillera
 
Group presantation
Group presantationGroup presantation
Group presantationannyliang123
 
Youth as the driver of change
Youth as the driver of changeYouth as the driver of change
Youth as the driver of changeZahid Anjum
 
ECEC in Italy compare to in Ontario
ECEC in Italy  compare to in OntarioECEC in Italy  compare to in Ontario
ECEC in Italy compare to in OntarioHUIFANGZHANG
 
Chapter 5: politicians and educational ideologies
Chapter 5: politicians and educational ideologies Chapter 5: politicians and educational ideologies
Chapter 5: politicians and educational ideologies aholst2016
 

Ähnlich wie Gcsr report BY JITHARA DHARMESH (20)

Chile Business
Chile BusinessChile Business
Chile Business
 
A Brief Cultural History Of Dr. Guerrero Essay
A Brief Cultural History Of Dr. Guerrero EssayA Brief Cultural History Of Dr. Guerrero Essay
A Brief Cultural History Of Dr. Guerrero Essay
 
Ethical Issues In Chile
Ethical Issues In ChileEthical Issues In Chile
Ethical Issues In Chile
 
The Haiti Education Alliance (THEA) Rehabilitation and Child Development
The Haiti Education Alliance (THEA) Rehabilitation and Child DevelopmentThe Haiti Education Alliance (THEA) Rehabilitation and Child Development
The Haiti Education Alliance (THEA) Rehabilitation and Child Development
 
Chile Research Paper
Chile Research PaperChile Research Paper
Chile Research Paper
 
The Political Environment Of The Philippines
The Political Environment Of The PhilippinesThe Political Environment Of The Philippines
The Political Environment Of The Philippines
 
2012 THEA info brunch ppt
2012 THEA info brunch ppt2012 THEA info brunch ppt
2012 THEA info brunch ppt
 
evolutionofhumansocieties-220303123842.pdf
evolutionofhumansocieties-220303123842.pdfevolutionofhumansocieties-220303123842.pdf
evolutionofhumansocieties-220303123842.pdf
 
Evolution of Human Societies
Evolution of Human SocietiesEvolution of Human Societies
Evolution of Human Societies
 
Chile sslc november 2011
Chile sslc   november 2011Chile sslc   november 2011
Chile sslc november 2011
 
Economics in education1/financing Education
Economics in education1/financing EducationEconomics in education1/financing Education
Economics in education1/financing Education
 
The Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard KeynesThe Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
 
The Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard KeynesThe Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
 
The Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard KeynesThe Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
The Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes
 
MagazineNOBLEED.compressed
MagazineNOBLEED.compressedMagazineNOBLEED.compressed
MagazineNOBLEED.compressed
 
State of the Nation Address 2012
State of the Nation Address 2012State of the Nation Address 2012
State of the Nation Address 2012
 
Group presantation
Group presantationGroup presantation
Group presantation
 
Youth as the driver of change
Youth as the driver of changeYouth as the driver of change
Youth as the driver of change
 
ECEC in Italy compare to in Ontario
ECEC in Italy  compare to in OntarioECEC in Italy  compare to in Ontario
ECEC in Italy compare to in Ontario
 
Chapter 5: politicians and educational ideologies
Chapter 5: politicians and educational ideologies Chapter 5: politicians and educational ideologies
Chapter 5: politicians and educational ideologies
 

Mehr von jitharadharmesh

Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062
Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062
Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062jitharadharmesh
 
Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062 ROLE OF SALES PR...
Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062 ROLE OF SALES PR...Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062 ROLE OF SALES PR...
Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062 ROLE OF SALES PR...jitharadharmesh
 
Presentation on customer awareness and prefering skoda cars
Presentation on customer awareness and prefering skoda carsPresentation on customer awareness and prefering skoda cars
Presentation on customer awareness and prefering skoda carsjitharadharmesh
 
“Foreign Exchange Risk Management” at Rolex Rings Pvt. Ltd., Rajkot
“Foreign Exchange Risk Management” at Rolex Rings Pvt. Ltd., Rajkot “Foreign Exchange Risk Management” at Rolex Rings Pvt. Ltd., Rajkot
“Foreign Exchange Risk Management” at Rolex Rings Pvt. Ltd., Rajkot jitharadharmesh
 
ppt on WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AT Silver Forge Pvt...
        ppt on       WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AT           Silver Forge Pvt...        ppt on       WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AT           Silver Forge Pvt...
ppt on WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AT Silver Forge Pvt...jitharadharmesh
 
ppt on rolex ring pvt.ltd
ppt on rolex ring pvt.ltdppt on rolex ring pvt.ltd
ppt on rolex ring pvt.ltdjitharadharmesh
 
“Customer awareness and preferring Skoda Yeti.”
“Customer awareness and preferring Skoda Yeti.”“Customer awareness and preferring Skoda Yeti.”
“Customer awareness and preferring Skoda Yeti.”jitharadharmesh
 
Creative analysis of financial report
Creative analysis of financial reportCreative analysis of financial report
Creative analysis of financial reportjitharadharmesh
 
FULFILMENT PROCESS & HOW TO INCREASE SALES ( CORPORATE BUSINESS CDMA V/S GSM)
 FULFILMENT PROCESS & HOW TO INCREASE SALES ( CORPORATE BUSINESS CDMA V/S GSM) FULFILMENT PROCESS & HOW TO INCREASE SALES ( CORPORATE BUSINESS CDMA V/S GSM)
FULFILMENT PROCESS & HOW TO INCREASE SALES ( CORPORATE BUSINESS CDMA V/S GSM)jitharadharmesh
 
market research on customer awarness of bank
market research on customer awarness of bankmarket research on customer awarness of bank
market research on customer awarness of bankjitharadharmesh
 
Gp consumer behaviour for third party at private banks
Gp   consumer behaviour for third party at private banksGp   consumer behaviour for third party at private banks
Gp consumer behaviour for third party at private banksjitharadharmesh
 
Credit management & npa of co operative bank ltd.1
Credit management & npa of co operative bank ltd.1Credit management & npa of co operative bank ltd.1
Credit management & npa of co operative bank ltd.1jitharadharmesh
 

Mehr von jitharadharmesh (20)

Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062
Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062
Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062
 
Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062 ROLE OF SALES PR...
Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062 ROLE OF SALES PR...Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062 ROLE OF SALES PR...
Jithara dharmesh 137730592028 sadhariya jagdish 137730592062 ROLE OF SALES PR...
 
Sbi ppt
Sbi pptSbi ppt
Sbi ppt
 
Presentation on customer awareness and prefering skoda cars
Presentation on customer awareness and prefering skoda carsPresentation on customer awareness and prefering skoda cars
Presentation on customer awareness and prefering skoda cars
 
“Foreign Exchange Risk Management” at Rolex Rings Pvt. Ltd., Rajkot
“Foreign Exchange Risk Management” at Rolex Rings Pvt. Ltd., Rajkot “Foreign Exchange Risk Management” at Rolex Rings Pvt. Ltd., Rajkot
“Foreign Exchange Risk Management” at Rolex Rings Pvt. Ltd., Rajkot
 
ppt on WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AT Silver Forge Pvt...
        ppt on       WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AT           Silver Forge Pvt...        ppt on       WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AT           Silver Forge Pvt...
ppt on WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AT Silver Forge Pvt...
 
WORKER’S ABSENTEEISM
WORKER’S ABSENTEEISMWORKER’S ABSENTEEISM
WORKER’S ABSENTEEISM
 
Final
FinalFinal
Final
 
ppt on rolex ring pvt.ltd
ppt on rolex ring pvt.ltdppt on rolex ring pvt.ltd
ppt on rolex ring pvt.ltd
 
“Customer awareness and preferring Skoda Yeti.”
“Customer awareness and preferring Skoda Yeti.”“Customer awareness and preferring Skoda Yeti.”
“Customer awareness and preferring Skoda Yeti.”
 
ROLEX RINGS PVT. LTd
ROLEX RINGS PVT. LTdROLEX RINGS PVT. LTd
ROLEX RINGS PVT. LTd
 
Creative analysis of financial report
Creative analysis of financial reportCreative analysis of financial report
Creative analysis of financial report
 
FULFILMENT PROCESS & HOW TO INCREASE SALES ( CORPORATE BUSINESS CDMA V/S GSM)
 FULFILMENT PROCESS & HOW TO INCREASE SALES ( CORPORATE BUSINESS CDMA V/S GSM) FULFILMENT PROCESS & HOW TO INCREASE SALES ( CORPORATE BUSINESS CDMA V/S GSM)
FULFILMENT PROCESS & HOW TO INCREASE SALES ( CORPORATE BUSINESS CDMA V/S GSM)
 
market research on customer awarness of bank
market research on customer awarness of bankmarket research on customer awarness of bank
market research on customer awarness of bank
 
Gp consumer behaviour for third party at private banks
Gp   consumer behaviour for third party at private banksGp   consumer behaviour for third party at private banks
Gp consumer behaviour for third party at private banks
 
Hdfc mutual fund
Hdfc mutual fundHdfc mutual fund
Hdfc mutual fund
 
Hdfc bank
Hdfc bankHdfc bank
Hdfc bank
 
Credit management & npa of co operative bank ltd.1
Credit management & npa of co operative bank ltd.1Credit management & npa of co operative bank ltd.1
Credit management & npa of co operative bank ltd.1
 
credit management
credit managementcredit management
credit management
 
mca online self
mca online selfmca online self
mca online self
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17Celine George
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdfJayanti Pande
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTDR. SNEHA NAIR
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashaWork Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashasashalaycock03
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...M56BOOKSTORE PRODUCT/SERVICE
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashaWork Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
 

Gcsr report BY JITHARA DHARMESH

  • 1. 1 THE GLOBAL rEpOrT fiELd STUdY ON “Disposable cup manufacturing machine Chile & Himachal Pradesh” SUBMiTTEd TO: Gujarat Technological University Sunshine Group of Institutions, Rajkot MBA Semester III Faculty of Management Batch: 2013-15 GUidEd BY: Asst. prof. Alpesh Gajera
  • 2. 1 PREPARED BY DECLARATION NAME ENROLLMENT NO. Hirapara Priyanka 137730592023 Jadeja Ajaysinh 137730592024 Patel Jalpa 137730592025 Javiya Hirva 137730592026 Jithara Dharmesh 137730592028 Jivani Krunal 137730592029
  • 3. 1 We undersigned Hirapara Priyanka, Jadeja Ajaysinh, Patel Jalpa, Javiya Hirva, Jithara Dharmesh, and Jivani Krunal the students of management, 3rd semester hereby declare that the report for “Global Country Study Report” entitled “Overview of Social & Educational Activity of Chile” is our own work and has been carried out under the guidance of Assit. Prof. Alpesh Gajera of Department of Management Shri Sunshine Group of Institutions, Rajkot. This has been not submitted to any other University for securing in any examination. ENROLLMENT NO. NAME SIGNATURE 137730592023 Hirapara Priyanka 137730592024 Jadeja Ajaysinh 137730592025 Patel Jalpa 137730592026 Javiya Hirva 137730592028 Jithara Dharmesh 137730592029 Jivani Krunal DATE: PLACE: PREFACE
  • 4. 1 Only theoretical knowledge is not enough, practical knowledge is also essential. Practical training helps us as a student of management to know practicability of the theories that we learn inside the lecture room As a student of MBA syllabus we have to make a research study on any country and we got golden opportunity to get practical knowledge of Seychelles the main object of arranging such research is for giving practical knowledge and experience at global in the various filed of management to the student Though we tried our level best to collect information and valuable suggestion would be gratefully acknowledged. Index
  • 6. 1 We thankfully acknowledge to all those people who helped us in preparation of this report because it is impossible to mention all those who helped us in our perspiration work in giving shape to our ideal and thinking. It is an occasion of great pleasure and matter of keep felt personal satisfaction to present this complied statement of the project this complied statement of the research study undergone on economical and sports activity of Seychelles. We would like to thank all those who directly or indirectly were involved in the completion of our research study. GCSR PART: 1 SUMMARY
  • 7. 1  CHILE: The territory of Chile has been populated since at least 12,000 B.C. By the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors began to subdue and colonize the region of present-day Chile, and the territory became a colony between 1540 and 1818, when it gained independence from Spain. The country's economic development was successively marked by the export of first agricultural produce, then saltpeter and later copper. The wealth of raw materials led to an economic upturn, but also led to dependency and even wars with neighboring states. Chile was governed during most of its first 150 years of independence by different forms of restricted government, where the electorate was carefully vetted and controlled by elite. Most Chileans are Roman Catholics. The religion has played a large role in defining social and political life. Religious instruction in public schools is almost exclusively Roman Catholic. Abortion is actually illegal due to the influence of the Church. Divorce was illegal until 2004. Most national holidays are religious in nature. Chileans of more mature generations still celebrate their saint's day as much as they do their own birthday. Major religions in Chile are as follows: • Roman Catholic 70%, • Evangelical 15.1%, • Jehovah’s Witnesses 1.1%, • Other Christian 1% • Other 4.6%.
  • 8. 1  Chile is in the advanced stages of the demographic transition and is becoming an aging society - with fertility below replacement level, low mortality rates and life expectancy on par with developed countries. However, with its dependency ratio is approaching its lowest point, Chile could benefit from favorable age structure.  They have to keep their large population -age work productively employed, as he prepares to meet the needs of its growing proportion of older people, especially women - the traditional caregivers - are increasingly coming workforce. In the last two decades, Chile has made great strides in reducing its poverty rate, which is now lower than most Latin American countries.  Spaniards in the official language of Chile.  The food has a very special place in Chilean culture. Chilean normally eat four times a day. The first meal of the day is breakfast, which consists mainly of dishes instead of light including buttered toast and instant coffee. Lunch (served 1: 00-14: 00) is the big meal of the day. Traditionally two main dishes. The first course can be a salad of some sort. A common salad is the Chilean salad, including sliced onions, chopped tomatoes and peeled oil and vinegar dressing and fresh coriander (cilantro).  The main course usually includes beef or chicken, served with vegetables. Around 17:00 Chilean taken once, an afternoon tea with bread and jam, often also includes cheese and avocado (avocado).  Every year during the last week of February, Viña del Mar, an exclusive resort town about two hours from Santiago, Viña del Mar holds Festival.The Music CarnavalAndino With the Force of the Sun, or "Andino Festival with the Force of sun, "is one of the most influential and entertaining a number of festivals that take place in February in northern Chile region.Fiestas Patrias, or" Independence Day, "refer to the related celebrations Independence Day Chile, which is celebrated on September 18.
  • 9. 1  Before independence, the Christian religious orders mainly influenced Chilean education. In fact, the Jesuits founded the first educational institutions in the country. Since the First Government Junta (First Government Junta) in 1810 there was interest in the development of education systems in the new country that is manifested by members of the independence movement. This desire was completed by an approved decree expressly waived taxes for a year and a half books, maps, printers, physics instruments and machinery that contributed to the social and educational advancement. Based on this predisposition to facilitate education, during 1813 the National Library was created, freedom of the press was established, and the first official government newspaper, El Monitor Araucano, was established.  The cost of education differs depending on the type of school. Schools with voluntary enrollment may charge a fixed fee income, while subsidized private schools can charge tuition mandatory enrollment, tuition, and other services. Moreover, private schools are free to decide their own fee structure. In 2011, the country was widespread and violent student protests, demanding reforms in the education system. Students said they wanted more direct state participation in secondary education as well as to obtain benefits blatant happening in higher education. The movement gained strong support across the country, as the students refused to attend classes and took to the streets. Education in Chile is divided into  Chile is divided into following part;  Preschool,  Primary school,  Secondary school,  & technical or higher education (university). The levels of education in Chile are:
  • 10. 1 Pre-school: For children up to 5 years old.  Primary school: for children aged 6–13 years old, divided into 8 grades.  Secondary school: for teenagers aged 14–17 years old, divided into 4 grades.  Higher education:  University (Universidad): These are divided between "traditional" universities (public and private universities created (mostly) before the 1981 reform) and private institutions.  Professional Institute (Institute Professional, IP): Private institutions offering professional degrees, except for those given exclusively by universities. They were created in 1981.  Technical Schooling Center (Centro de FormaciónTécnica, CFT): Also created in 1981, they are private institutions offering technical degrees only.  The Ministry of Education is responsible for pre-primary, primary, and secondary schooling in Chile. The pre-primary level is two years of non-compulsory education for children four to five years of age. Primary and secondary educations are compulsory. Primary education is from ages 6 to 13, and secondary education is from ages 14 to 17. In 2000, 99 percent of school -age children was studying at primary schools, and 90 at secondary schools. School categories. In terms of financing, there are the following kinds of schools:
  • 11. 1 1. Municipal: State-subsidized schools run by municipalities, which may also contribute monetarily to the schools. The majority of the population studies at these schools (64% at the primary level). 2. Particular Subvencionado: Private with a government subsidy. At the primary level, 29% of the population attends this kind of school. 3. Particular: Private. At the primary level, 7% of the population attends this kind of school. 4. Corporate schools are schools run by corporations and which receive the same state subsidy that the municipal schools receive. REASONS TO STUDY IN CHILE: 1. Educational alternatives 2. Great connectivity 3. Economic and political stability 4. Friendly people 5. Great tourist attractions 6. Top-quality education 7. Affordable living costs 8. Safety 9. Active social and cultural life 10. Warm weather
  • 12. 1 The Development of a Disposable Cup Executive Summary Expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) and paperboard are the two most popular materials used today in portable, disposable cups used in coffee shops. Polystyrene foam has better thermal insulation, while paperboard is preferred for its superior printing quality. Recently there has been much interest in combining the positive attributes of both materials into one. This project was conceived to quantify and compare the thermal and mechanical properties of Win Cup foam cups with comparable competing paper products. A new design intended to Solve current difficulties is presented based on findings. Strengths of the cup materials were collected with tensile testing. The source of the low strength of EPS is recognized by examination with optical microscopy. A coupled sample of EPS with paper was tensile tested to explore the effect of coupling two materials of different behaviors. Results showed strength can be significantly increased by this method. Thermal insulation was tested by measuring the cups’ abilities to hold hot and cold temperatures of the liquid being carried. Surface temperature of the cups was also measured against liquid temperature to compare heat conduction through the cup walls. EPS was shown to be optimal material for maintaining beverage temperature.
  • 13. 1 Both materials have their pros and cons. To combine the positive benefits of both, a paper wrapped foam cup design can be utilized. This composite cup allows high quality printing on the outside paper surface and excellent thermal insulation of the interior EPS. This research confirms the common claims of the superior thermal properties of EPS over paper. A plastic wrapped foam cup design can be effectively utilized to conceive a product that achieves the optimal combination of thermal insulation, printing capability, strength, and aesthetic appeal. Introduction: Thermoformed disposables are generally used for Tea, Water and Packing of Beverages etc. These Thermoform shapes are created from a process where a sheet of plastic is heated and vacuumed on top of a model or die. The die can be made up from variety of materials. There are different industries using thermoformed cups and trays like: - Medical packaging in Pharmaceuticals - Catering - Food packaging - Retail Outlets - Restaurants - Hotels - Tourism - Soft drinks, water and tea etc. Market:
  • 14. 1 Due to attractive look, low weight, ease of transportation and low permeability, thermoformed disposable cups and trays are finding tremendous market in packaging of food products, particularly Ice creams which is as high as 30%. The demand for thermoformed disposables is growing for drinking water, Tea, Coffee, soft drinks and packing dairy products. The global consumption of single-use disposable food and drink containers such as lunch boxes, cups and bowls is estimated at 438 billion units per year. Out of which the consumption of thermoformed disposable cups is 21% of the total disposable items. Raw Material: The major raw materials used for thermoforming are high impact polystyrene ABS, PVC, Polypropylene, HDPE, Polycarbonate etc. The choice of each material depends upon the end- user requirements and cost. The most common materials used for disposable wares are high impact polystyrene (Considered), PVC and Polypropylene. Manufacturing Process: Thermoforming is a manufacturing process for thermoplastic sheet or film. The sheet or film is heated between infrared, natural gas and other heaters to its forming temperature. Then it is stretched over or into a temperature-controlled, single-surface mold. Cast or machined aluminum is the most common mold material, although epoxy, wood and structural foam tooling are sometime used for low volume production. The sheet is held against the mold surface unit until cooled. The formed part is then trimmed from the sheet. The trimmed material is usually reground, mixed with virgin plastic, and reprocessed into usable sheet. Investment: The investment for setting up a Thermoform Disposables manufacturing Plant works out to Rs. 1.11 Crores and the breakup of the cost is tabulated below. The land requirement will be around 0.5 acres. The Preliminary & Pre-operative expense works out to Rs 0.11 crores. Plant & Machinery including installation, erecting & transportation charges are of 0.23 Crores. Buildings and civil works are estimated to be 0.37 Crores. Contingencies @ 5% and electricity deposits
  • 15. 1 have been considered in the project cost. Margin money for working capital is estimated to be 0.06 Crores. Technology: The technology/Machinery required for manufacturing of the thermoform disposables are 2 Nos. of Automatic vacuum forming machine with control panel, 2 Nos. of Roller cutting machine, 4 Nos. of Aluminum mould with cutting mold, a sheet plant two layer, compressor, Grinder and a Cooling tower.
  • 16. 1 INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY Established in the year 2007, ‘Primal Import & Export ' are reckoned as one of the leading importers and exporters of a world class gamut of Non Woven Bag Making Machinery, Non Woven Fabric Making Plant, Waste Recycling Machinery, Pellet Making Machinery, Steel Forming Machinery, Disposable Cup or Glass Making Machinery, Bottle Making Machinery, CNC Machinery, Incense Stick Making Machinery, SS Pipes, Color Sorter Machines, Components, Air Compressor & Tank. Our range consists of Cereal Grain Color Sorter Machine, Air Pneumatic Regulator, Belt Type Color Sorter Machine, Peanut Color Sorter Machine and many more products of varied specifications & models. These are imported from reputed vendors of the market, who use quality assured raw material to develop their range as per international norms and guidelines. The machines and air compressors we offer are acknowledged for their excellent performance, low maintenance cost, simple operations and longer functional life. Moreover, our entire range of machine components and air tanks is widely applauded by the patrons for its durability, resistance against corrosion and ability to withstand extreme temperature. A spacious and sound warehousing unit is maintained by us for having safe and arranged storage of all the imported products. Sprawling The warehouse of our firm is always kept free from dust, moisture and other harmful contaminants, so as to ensure safe storage. All our experts themselves realize the importance of attaining organizational goals and strive for the same by working in coordination with one another. A team of procuring agents conducts varied extensive researches and market surveys to find our best manufacturers of our offered range and associate ourselves with them. Every professional of our firm is completely aware with the pros and cons of his/her assigned department, which benefits the firm in successfully accomplishing all the tasks with perfection. Owing to sound infrastructure facility, diligent workforce, ethical trade practices and honest dealings, we have mustered numerous patrons for ourselves, across the world. We Supply in Pune, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Chennai, Tamilnadu, Coimbatore, Bombay, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Jaipur, Haryana, Delhi, Gurgaon, Ahmadabad, Karnataka, Bangalore, Mangalore, Maisore, Kerala, Trivendrum, Kochi, Tripura, and Ernakulum.
  • 17. 1 COMPANY GOALS The following is a list of business goals and milestones we wish to accomplish within the next three years. • Secure necessary funds. • Locate and lease suitable manufacturing facility. • Purchase machinery, equipment and supplies. • Hire skilled employees to complete our team. • Set up shop and open for business. • Successfully penetrate targeted markets. • Secure contracts to achieve projected sales goals. • Become a profitable company. • Establish a solid reputation as an industry leader. Our first major milestones will be securing funds and setting up our business. This is our primary focus right now. In three years, we hope to have established our company in the community and within our industry. EXIT STRATEGY: Should management or our investors seek a business exit, there are several options we would be willing to pursue. Our company could most likely be sold to a manufacturing company that does not already have mold manufacturing capabilities. A management buyout could also be pursued once our business credit is firmly established. MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE:
  • 18. 1 Titus Mold Manufacturing understands the importance of a loyal and enthusiastic team to reduce turnover and increase productivity. Our company's management philosophy will encourage responsibility and mutual respect. While we will present a strong decisive management team, we will also foster an atmosphere of genuine employee appreciation and open communication. LEADERSHIP: Our company will be managed and run by our executive staff including Chief Executive Officer John Baker, President Michael Smith, and Vice President Susan Jones, as well as our Board of Directors. Our management staff of directors and supervisors will oversee daily operations. However, as a small manufacturing facility starting out, the CEO, President and VP will be responsible for the majority of purchasing, hiring, training, quality control, and additional day-to-day duties. Additional key leaders will include directors of finance, marketing and sales, human resources, information technology and operations. While these positions remain unfilled at this time, we do have several extremely qualified candidates interested in joining with us in this new venture. As we start our mold manufacturing business, we will implement a plan to hire management and production staff first and fill in with mid-level management and administrative staff as our budget and needs change. BOARD MEMBERS & ADVISORS: Our Board of Directors is not yet fully formed. CEO John Baker will serve as Chairman. The board will consist of company owners (shareholders), officers and directors. Duties of the Board of Directors may include: • Establishing broad company policies and objectives. • Selecting, appointing, and reviewing the performance of executive staff. • Insuring the availability of adequate financial resources and approving annual budgets.
  • 19. 1 • Accounting to the stakeholders for the organization's performance We will actively seek individuals to sit on our Board of Directors who will have the ability to add to and advise our organization such as lawyers, accountants, and professionals in the automotive or medical fields. INTRODUCTION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH COMPANY: Pushpa Machines Pvt. Ltd. is a renowned name in the industry. Based in Uttar Pradesh, They serve customer all over India. Over the years, we have established ourselves in the market and have satisfied numerous customers with our products. Infrastructure one of the prized possessions of our company is our state-of-the-art infrastructure endowed with latest hardware and software components incorporated seamlessly together to empower us with the capability to produce bulk requirements. To further increase productivity, our infrastructure is segregated in various departments such as: • Production unit • R&D department • Testing facility • Sales & marketing • Customer care and many more. Quality Policy: We are a quality oriented company and ensure each product is produced using top grade raw materials. Our entire range of products is durable, reliable and has long service life. Rigorously tested to determine their quality, working condition, capacity and limitations, our products guarantee optimum performance.
  • 20. 1 Packaging & Delivery: • Packaging: We ensure our Machines are packed securely. We use superior packaging materials and advanced techniques to ensure our products are not damaged while storing or transportation. • Delivery: We have a wide network of dealers that empowers us to deliver products on time and within the scheduled time frame. COMPANY PROFILE
  • 21. 1 Basic information Nature of Business Exporter Additional Business Supplier Trader Importer Industry Industrial goods Registered Address No. 203, Time Square Complex, Opposite Balaji Hall, 150 Feet Ring Road, Rajkot - 360 005, Gujarat. Year of Establishment 2007 Total Number of Employees Upto 10 People Legal Status of Firm Partnership Firm Registered under Indian Partnership Act 1932 Proprietor Name Mr. Ankit Vagadiya Annual Turnover Rs. 2 - 5 Crore Trade & Market Export Percentage 20-40% Infrastructure Location Type Urban Building Infrastructure Permanent Size of Premises 250 square feet Location Photo 1 Location Photo 2 Company USP Primary Competitive Advantage • Experienced R & D Department • Good Financial Position & TQM Statutory Profile
  • 22. 1 COMPANY TEAM: We have a team of competent and proficient professionals, which has proved to be the driving force of our organization. With the efficient assistance and hard work of our workforce, we have been able to offer a flawless range of Color Sorter Machines & Components and Air Compressors & Tanks to the esteemed customers. Our professionals understand the distinct needs of our clients and make sure to fulfill them in the best possible manner. The professionals associated with our organization are well versed with latest technologies and methodologies. Moreover, we conduct seminars and workshops for our workforce to update its knowledge about the market demand and technological advancements related to our domain. Some of the members in our team are as follows: • Procuring agents • Quality controllers • Warehousing experts • Packaging experts • Skilled laborers
  • 23. 1 VENDOR BASE We have been associated with some of most trusted vendors of the industry for procuring the range of defect-free Color Sorter Machines & Components and Air Compressors & Tanks. Our team of experts selects the most authentic vendors for sourcing the range of products as per the market demand. The vendors associated with our organization make use of the best quality components and other material for manufacturing the entire range of products. Moreover, they employ cutting-edge technology and sophisticated machinery for designing, manufacturing, quality checking and packaging the products in compliance with the international quality standards. Following are the factors that are considered while selecting these vendors: • Market repute • Timely delivery • Ability to take bulk orders
  • 24. 1 • Competitive prices MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PAPER CUPS: We have proposed to use the Automatic Paper Cup Forming Machine for our manufacturing process of Paper Cups. The general structure of paper cup forming machine is composed of three stages. They are: 1. The first stage: mainly finishes transmission of the paper cup's sidewall paper, shaping side-wall and transferring them to the second stage after shaped. 2. The second stage: transmission of the cup-bottom paper, shaping cup bottom, joining the shaped side-wall and cup bottom, automatic Transmission and discharging of the shaped cup, and curling the shaped cup's edge. 3. The third stage: mainly includes 45 degree angle separating, preheating, curling bottom, curling rim and so on mechanisms, which are the important parts in finishing paper cup. PACKAGING
  • 25. 1 The Company Provide Plywood packing for machine. A spacious and sound warehousing unit is maintained by us for having safe and arranged storage of all the imported products. Sprawling over an extensive area of land, this facility makes it possible for our storekeepers to have categorized storage of all the products. The warehouse of our firm is always kept free from dust, moisture and other harmful contaminants, so as to ensure safe storage. Linked with variegated shipment network, our warehouse supports the logistic experts in providing prompt delivery of orders at the client’s destination.
  • 26. 1
  • 27. 1 STRENGTH • Experienced R & D Department • Good Financial Position & TQM • Patents • Strong brand names • Good reputation among customers. • Favorable access to distribution networks. WEAKNESS • Lack of patent protection • High cost structure • Lack of access to key distribution channels. OPPORTUNITY • Cover more area of market in current situation. • An unfulfilled customer need. • Removal of international trade barriers. • Arrival of new technology. THREATS Government rules of transportation in states and outside the state like Taxes, VAT, CST and other to apply drastic changes government revolution is the major challenge to the industry. • Shifts in consumer testes away firms products • Emergence of substitute products. • Increased trade barriers. • New regulations.
  • 28. 1 Product 1. DISPOSABLE CUP MAKING MACHINE We are leading suppliers and traders of Disposal Cup Making Machine in the industry. Disposal Cups of a wide range of mark can be manufactured using this organization. These machines function in a highly cost in effect manner and consume less power. One side Letter of the alphabet coated cups can be manufactured in majority quantities using these machines. Customers can avail these machines at volume unit market price. Since the inception of our organization, we are involved in production of Disposable Cup Making Machine. Widely used for manufacturing large number of disposable cups, this Disposable Cup Making Machine is reliable and has protective layer which provides complete protection to this Disposable Cup Making Machine from effects of rust and water. In order to meet rising demands of our large client base, we are offering Disposable Cup Making Machine at economical price. We are one of the prime suppliers of disposable cup making machines. Our disposable cup making machines are fully automatic machines that are use for the making of glasses various sizes with high quality. We are the suppliers of automatically designed disposable cup making machine that are designed based on advanced technology and best preferred design. Our disposable cup making machine that are highly appreciated among our clients in the global market are much preferred machines. These disposable cup making machine are equipped with
  • 29. 1 multi tasking station, failure detection and alarm system to protect them from major failure and damages. These disposable cup making machine are manufactured using high quality raw material in compliance with international standards and are for easy cup making features. Especially designed by expert using state of the art systems, these disposable cup making machines have attractive stainless steel frames and with a perfect working mechanism of automatic paper feeding, sealing, oiling, bottom, punching, heating, curling and cup discharge. Our broad range of disposable cup making machines are widely acknowledged for their superb quality, high dispensing ability, durability, less power consumption and easy maintenance. As per the requirements of the customers, we are involved in offering best quality of Disposable Cup Making Machine. This Disposable Cup Making Machine is extensively used for formation of glass of various sizes with high quality. Further, we are able to meet the huge market demands in given time frame. Features: • Attractive designs • Good quality • Minimum price • Light weight • Long lasting • Seamless finish • Excellent performance • Quality specification • Hassle free performance
  • 30. 1 2. PAPER CUP MAKING MACHINE This Paper Cup Making Machines operates simple, stable performance with high efficiency which is ideal equipment for producing paper/tea/coffee-drinking cups, juice/beverage cups, ice cream cups, etc. It is widely used for hot drink and other beverages. There are two types of machines, one is hot cup making machine type and the other is cold cup type forming machine. These days, the machines are also being restricted with ocular controlled non contact key which makes the entire paper/tea cup making progression very proficient and simple. Keeping in mind the various requirements of the customers, we are involved in offering best quality of Paper Cup Making Machine. The offered Paper Cup Making Machine is extensively used for formation of glass of various sizes with high quality. Our products are available in the market in wide range at reasonable rates. Our clients can avail from us an unparalleled assembly of Disposable Paper Cup Making Machine. This range is widely acclaimed as an Automatic paper cup machine, multi-working
  • 31. 1 station machine and is worked on paper feeding, sealing, oiling, bottom punching, heating, curling and cup discharge procedures that aid us in creating single coated paper cups. Leveraging on our sound domain knowledge of manufacturing, supplying, and exporting a broad collection of Casting Dies we are offering Paper Plate Precision Dies to our prestigious clients. These are made by using cutting edge technologies in modern manufacturing facilities. We use only the finest grades of metal alloys that are procured from leading vendors of the domain to manufacture these by adhering to rigorous standards of quality. Our clients can avail our immaculate customization facilities to manufacture these as per given specifications. Specifications: • Raw material:250-300 GSM • Capacity:40-50 pcs/min Features: • Good quality raw material • Exceptional finishing • Nominal cost • Impeccable finish • Dimensional accuracy • Certified by CE approval • Offered with optically controlled non-contact switch, which ensures the safety of machine and operator • Speed regulation is controlled by the micro computer controlled inverter of the machine
  • 32. 1 • Installed with a photoelectric tracing system • Equipped with high quality bearings Application: • Disposable paper cups • Paper cup containers Material: • The frame is made utilizing metal and the steel is used for body Maintenance: • Sanitation and cleanliness of the machine should be fixed • A fixed schedule should be maintained to clean lubricated places and lubricate them with glycerol • Keep greasy dirt away from the paper, die and roller • Should be located away from paper scraps, dust accumulation or plastic rolling Technical Details: General power 3.5KW Paper request 150-350g/ Single Pe Coated Paper) Power supply 220V50HZ/ 380V50HZ Or Customize Cup size 2 -12OZ Speed 40-55PCS/MIN Weight 1750KGS
  • 33. 1 Bottom diameter 45mm Dimension 2800×1400×1700MM MARKET ANALYSIS & MARKETING PLAN INTRODUCTION The disposable plastic cups are manufactured by thermoforming technique. They are fast replacing conventional cups. Drinking water, Ice-cream and other dairy products are packed in disposable cups. Besides Ice-cream industry, hotels, restaurants, canteens etc. have been increasingly using disposable cups as against conventional glass-wares or ceramic cups. Disposable cups are mainly used for food items and are made out of polypropylene or polystyrene sheets. Sheets having thickness 0.35 mm to 2 mm is used for these items in thermoforming machine. The disposable cups are gaining popularity due to attractive look, light weight for container, ease of transportation and low impermeability. Now-a-days organizations like railways, airlines are using disposable cups for serving water, coffee, tea etc. MARKET POTENTIAL: Due to the recent change in the life style of urban class the demand for disposable cups is increasing at a rapid rate. Apart from being used at home, they also come in handy during parties, picnics and other functions and get-togethers. Plastic disposable cups are also used by Ice-cream industry, hotels, restaurants, canteens etc. but the major customer of disposable cups is ice-cream industry and they have started using plastic cups instead of paper ones that were being used earlier. The main advantage of these plastic cups is that they are completely leak proof. Plastic cups can be made up of different sizes and they can hold bulk material easily in comparison to the traditional paper cups. Besides organization like Railways, Airlines are using a good quantity of plastic disposable cups. Considering the above factors, demand of disposable cups is expected to increase faster in future.
  • 34. 1 BASIS AND PRESUMPTIONS: • The basis for the calculation of the production capacity is calculated on single lift basis on 75% efficiency. • The rate of interest in the scheme has been taken on the basis of 14% at an average. How-ever, this figure is likely to vary depending on the financial outlay of the project as well as location of the unit. • The breakeven point in the scheme has been calculated on the full capacity utilization basis. • Labor wages-Estimated on the minimum wages. • The Cost of machinery, equipment, raw material and other expenditure initiated in the profile are based on the prices prevailing at the time of project preparation. Therefore they are subject to necessary change from time to time based on local condition and availability.
  • 35. 1 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE S.No. Activity Estimated period required 1. Market survey for collection of data in respect of demand, raw material, machinery and selection of site. 4 Weeks 2. Preparation of project document and registration and other clearance. 4 Weeks 3. Arrangement of finance /loan 4 Weeks 4. Procurement of machinery & equipment & Installation 6 Weeks 5. Purchase of raw materials 2 Weeks 6. Trail Production 2 Weeks Total 22 Weeks
  • 36. 1 TECHNICAL ASPECTS Process of Manufacturing: Polypropylene/Polystyrene sheet feeding reels of preset length is dragged from bobbin reel in the Thermoforming plant. The conveyor chains carry the sheet through the heater assembly to the Forming table. The heated sheet is punched to form the shape of the mould. The cups thus formed are stocked and the punched waster sheet is wound on scrap sheet winder. To get printed cups, the sheets are printed before forming into cup. Taking 200ml. cup as yard stick as it is mostly used for serving drinking water, coffee/tea etc., The installed capacity of the machine with 16 cavities mould is approximately 1,53,600 cups per shift. In terms of weight, a 200ml cup made of 0.7mm thick High Impact Polystyrene sheet is approximately 2.58 gms. Therefore, the total weight of output per shift is 396 Kg Approx. The average weight of sheet required per cup is 3.2gms. (Which implies wastage of approximately 0.62 gms per cup). As the raw material wastage is very high the scrap needs to be recycled. The scrap can be ground and may be either extruded in sheet extruder or sale. Production Capacity: 120 MT of Disposable Plastic Cups @ Rs. 1, 54,000/- per MT Value: Rs. 1, 84, 80,000/- Quality Control and Standards: The Plastic disposable cups are manufactured as per customer requirement and specification. Motive Power: 70 KW Pollution Control: The unit does not create any pollution. However, proper ventilation should be made in the processing area for the better circulation of the fresh air. Energy Conservation: Entrepreneurs may select energy efficient machinery and proper planning has also to be made for saving energy in the unit. MICHAEL PORTER’S FIVE FORCE MODEL Michael Porter is well known for his forces framework which remains one of the best ways to assess an industry’s underlying structure.
  • 37. 1 One important component of industry analysis involves analyzing into the industry’s competitive forces to discover what the main forces of competitive pressure are and how strong each competitive force it. Michael Porter provided a framework that models an industry as being influenced by five forces. While some investors and analysts employ the framework to declare an industry attractive or unattractive , Porter recommends using industry analysis to understand “the underpinnings of competition and root causes of profitability.” A model consisting of five competitive force has been proposed – threat of new entrants . rivalry among competitors , bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and threat of substitute products – that determine the intensity of industry competition and profitability. Rivalry among Existing Competitors: -  Two types of rivalry: (1) Inside India
  • 38. 1 (2) Outside India.  International rivals Such as, Chile.  Threat from producing nation like U.A.E , Middle East and Africa.  Products with reasonable price and high quality. Bargaining Power of Suppliers:-  In Machinery making industry the suppliers are U.A.E , Africa , Western Europe , South Asia and Middle East.  Few Alternatives of Fully automatic Machines and Two steps Plastic cup making Machines.  Skilled labor  Bargaining power of India is enhanced because India is largest consumer of Disposable and Plastic cup making Machinery. Bargaining Power of Buyers:-  Divided in two types 1.) Domestic buyers 2.) Foreign buyers  As investment (Demand increase) Bargaining power of Indian exporter went unchallenged.  Expertise require to fulfill the needs of buyers world over. Threat of Substitutes:
  • 39. 1  Substitutes are Plastic Foam Plate and Cup and Food Box making Machine , Injection molding machine for making plastic bowls /plats / cups and spoons , 2014 New style plastic plates and cups making Machines etc.  Status and standard of living become fast and increase level Consumption , so demand of products of use and throw is increasing at high rate.  Time, Money, Personal Preferences and convenience should also consider in the machinery making Industry. Threat of New Entrants:-  High capital requirement.  Government subsidy.  EXIM policy & government’s rules-regulations are high.  Skilled manpower is essential.  Advanced technology required.
  • 40. 1 IMPORT/EXPORT POLICIES & PROCEDURES FOR DISPOSABLE CUP MAKING MACHINE IMPORT CUSTOMS PROCEDURES IN CHILE: CUSTOMS PROCEDURES:  Import Procedures: Chile is a very open market. All natural persons or legal entities are authorized to carry out import transactions. In spite of the liberal import regime, licenses are required for goods whose value is over 3,500 USD. In principle, they are granted automatically by the Central Bank of Chile. The importer must present an "Informe de Importacion", a document which must go through the commercial bank. The commercial forms used by both importers and exporters are commercial invoices, certificates of origin, bills of lading, freight insurance and packing lists. Special permission, certificates, and approval documents, such as sanitary and phytosanitary certificates, are required for most agricultural products and in special cases for industrial products.  Specific Import Procedures: Chile only approves the import of processed food products on a case-by-case basis.To bring in a product, the importer must obtain the permission of the Health Service Officer at the port of entry.  Importing Samples: It is possible to export temporarily to Chile according to the procedure in the ATA 12 documentation. It allows temporary admission: - of commercial samples, - merchandise en route to markets, exhibitions and other commercial displays, - professional materials. The carnet ATA equally applies to postal and transit traffic. On the other hand it is not acceptable as regards unaccompanied merchandise.
  • 41. 1 COMMON EXPORT DOCUMENTS This section covers documents that are commonly used in exporting, but specific requirements vary by destination and product. It is divided into the following subsections: common export documents, transportation documents, export compliance documents, certificates of origin, other certificates for shipments of specific goods and, other export-related documents. COMMON EXPORT DOCUMENTS:  Commercial Invoice: A commercial invoice is a bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer. These invoices are often used by governments to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties. Governments that use the commercial invoice to control imports will often specify its form, content, number of copies, language to be used, and other characteristics.  Export Packing List: Considerably more detailed and informative than a standard domestic packing list, an export packing list lists seller, buyer, shipper, invoice number, date of shipment, mode of transport, carrier, and itemizes quantity, description, the type of package, such as a box, crate, drum, or carton, the quantity of packages, total net and gross weight (in kilograms), package marks, and dimensions, if appropriate. Both commercial stationers and freight forwarders carry packing list forms. A packing list may serve as conforming document. It is not a substitute for a commercial invoice.  Pro Forma Invoice: A pro forma invoice is an invoice prepared by the exporter before shipping the goods, informing the buyer of the goods to be sent, their value, and other key specifications. It also can be used as an offering of sale or price quotation.
  • 42. 1 TRANSPORTATION DOCUMENTS:  Airway Bill: Air freight shipments require airway bills. Airway bills are shipper-specific (i.e., USPS, Fed-Ex, UPS, DHL, etc.).  Bill of Lading: A bill of lading is a contract between the owner of the goods and the carrier (as with domestic shipments). For vessels, there are two types: a straight bill of lading, which is non-negotiable, and a negotiable or shipper's order bill of lading. The latter can be bought, sold, or traded while the goods are in transit. The customer usually needs an original as proof of ownership to take possession of the goods. Electronic Export Information Filing (formerly known as the Shipper’s Export Declaration) Electronic Export Information (EEI) is the most common of all export control documents. It is required for shipments above $2,500* and for shipments of any value requiring an export license. EXPORT COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTS:  Export Licenses: An export license is a government document that authorizes the export of specific goods in specific quantities to a particular destination. This document may be required for most or all exports to some countries or for other countries only under special circumstances. Examples of export license certificates include those issued by the Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, the State Department’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.  Destination Control Statement: A Destination Control Statement (DCS) is required for exports from the United States for items on the Commerce Control List that are outside of EAR99 (products for which no license is required) or controlled under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). A DCS appears on the commercial invoice, ocean bill of lading, or airway bill to notify the carrier and all foreign parties that the item can be exported only to certain destinations.
  • 43. 1 CERTIFICATES OF ORGIN:  Generic Certificate of Origin: The Certificate of Origin (CO) is required by some countries for all or only certain products. In many cases, a statement of origin printed on company letterhead will suffice. The exporter should verify whether a CO is required with the buyer and/or an experienced shipper/freight forwarder or the Trade Information Center. OTHER CERTIFICATES FOR SHIPMENTS OF SPECIFIC GOODS:  Certificate of Analysis: A certificate of analysis can be required for seeds, grain, health foods, dietary supplements, fruits and vegetables, and pharmaceutical products.  Certificate of Free Sale: Certificate of free sale may be issued for biologics, food, drugs, medical devices and veterinary medicine. More information is available from the Food and Drug Administration. Health authorities in some states as well as some trade associations also issue Certificates of Free Sale.  Dangerous Goods Certificate: Exports submitted for handling by air carriers and air freight forwarders classified as dangerous goods need to be accompanied by the Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods required by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). The exporter is responsible for accuracy of the form and ensuring that requirements related to packaging, marking, and other required information by IATA have been met. For shipment of dangerous goods it is critical to identify goods by proper name, comply with packaging and labeling requirements, which vary depending upon the type of product shipper and the country shipped to. For ocean exports, hazardous material regulations are contained in the International Maritime Dangerous Goods regulations.  Health Certificate: For shipment of live animals and animal products (processed foodstuffs, poultry, meat, fish, seafood, dairy products, and eggs and egg products). Note: some countries require that health certificates be notarized or certified by a chamber and legalized by a consulate. Health certificates are issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).  Inspection Certificate:
  • 44. 1 Weight and Quality certificates should be provided in accordance with governing USDA/GIPSA regulations for loading at port and loading at source/mill site as appropriate. A certificate of origin certified by the local chamber of commerce at the load port and a phytosanitary certificate issued by APHIS/USDA and fumigation certificate are to be provided to the buyer. Costs of all inspection, as well as certificates/documents at the load port, are usually the responsibility of the seller. Independent inspection certificates may required in some instances.  Pre-Shipment Inspections : The governments of a number of countries have contracted with international inspection companies to verify the quantity, quality, and price of shipments imported into their countries. The purpose of such inspections is to ensure that the price charged by the exporter reflects the true value of the goods, to prevent substandard goods from entering the country, and to deflect attempts to avoid payment of customs duties. Requirements for pre-shipment inspection are normally spelled out in letter-of-credit or other documentary requirements.  Insurance Certificate: Insurance certificates are used to assure the consignee that insurance will cover the loss of or damage to the cargo during transit. These can be obtained from your freight forwarder or publishing house. Note: an airway bill can serve as an insurance certificate for a shipment by air. Some countries may require certification or notification.  Radiation Certificate: Some counties including Saudi Arabia may require this certificate for some plant and animal imports. The certificate states that the products are not contaminated by radioactivity.  Other (Product-Specific) Certificates: Shaving brushes and articles made of raw hair must be accompanied by a recognized official certificate showing the consignment to be free from anthrax germs. Used clothing requires a disinfection certificate. Grain requires a fumigation certificate, and grain and seeds require a certificate of weight. Many countries in the Middle East require special certificates for imports of animal fodder additives, livestock, pets, and horses.  Weight Certificate : A certificate of weight is a document issued by customs, certifying gross weight of the exported goods. OTHER EXPORT-RELATED DOCUMENTS:  Consular Invoice:
  • 45. 1 Required in some countries, a consular invoice describes the shipment of goods and shows information such as the consignor, consignee, and value of the shipment.  Canadian Customs Invoice: Although not required by regulation, this customs invoice is a preferred document by Canadian Customs and customs brokers. It is issued in Canadian dollars for dutiable and taxable exports exceeding $1600 Canadian dollars.  Dock Receipt and Warehouse Receipt: A dock receipt and warehouse receipt are used to transfer accountability when the export item is moved by the domestic carrier to the port of embarkation and left with the ship line for export.  Import License: Import licenses are the responsibility of the importer and vary depending upon destination and product. However, including a copy of an import license with the rest of your documentation may in some cases help avoid problems with customs in the destination country. MODE OF ENTRY TO FOREIGN MARKETS
  • 46. 1 There are two major types of entry modes: equity and non-equity modes. The non-equity modes category includes export and contractual agreements. The equity modes category includes: joint venture and wholly owned subsidiaries  EXPORTING: Exporting is the process of selling of goods and services produced in one country to other countries. There are two types of exporting: direct and indirect. 1) Direct Exports: Direct exports represent the most basic mode of exporting made by a (holding) company, capitalizing on economies of scale in production concentrated in the home country and affording better control over distribution. Direct export works the best if the volumes are small. Large volumes of export may trigger protectionism. The main characteristic of direct exports entry model is that there are no intermediaries. Passive exports represent the treating and filling overseas orders like domestic orders. Types:  Sales representatives: Sales representatives represent foreign suppliers/manufacturers in their local markets for an established commission on sales. Provide support services to a manufacturer regarding local advertising, local sales presentations, customs clearance formalities, legal requirements. Manufacturers of highly technical services or products such as production machinery, benefit the most form sales representation.  Importing distributors: Importing distributors purchase product in their own right and resell it in their local markets to wholesalers, retailers, or both. Importing distributors are a good market entry strategy for products that are carried in inventory, such as toys, appliances, prepared food. Advantages: • Control over selection of foreign markets and choice of foreign representative companies • Good information feedback from target market, developing better relationships with the buyers • Better protection of trademarks, patents, goodwill, and other intangible property • Potentially greater sales, and therefore greater profit, than with indirect exporting.
  • 47. 1 Disadvantages: • Higher start-up costs and higher risks as opposed to indirect exporting • Requires higher investments of time, resources and personnel and also organizational changes • Greater information requirements • Longer time-to-market as opposed to indirect exporting. 2) Indirect Exports Indirect exports are the process of exporting through domestically based export intermediaries. The exporter has no control over its products in the foreign market. Types:  Export trading companies (ETCs): These provide support services of the entire export process for one or more suppliers. Attractive to suppliers that are not familiar with exporting as ETCs usually perform all the necessary work: locate overseas trading partners, present the product, quote on specific enquiries, etc.  Export management companies (EMCs): These are similar to ETCs in the way that they usually export for producers. Unlike ETCs, they rarely take on export credit risks and carry one type of product, not representing competing ones. Usually, EMCs trade on behalf of their suppliers as their export departments.  Export merchants: Export merchants are wholesale companies that buy unpackaged products from suppliers/manufacturers for resale overseas under their own brand names. The advantage of export merchants is promotion. One of the disadvantages for using export merchants result in presence of identical products under different brand names and pricing on the market, meaning that export merchant’s activities may hinder manufacturer’s exporting efforts.  Confirming houses: These are intermediate sellers that work for foreign buyers. They receive the product requirements from their clients, negotiate purchases, make delivery, and pay the suppliers/manufacturers. An opportunity here arises in the fact that if the client likes the product it may become a trade representative. A potential disadvantage includes
  • 48. 1 supplier’s unawareness and lack of control over what a confirming house does with their product.  Nonconforming purchasing agents: These are similar to confirming houses with the exception that they do not pay the suppliers directly – payments take place between a supplier/manufacturer and a foreign buyer. Advantages: • Fast market access • Concentration of resources towards production • Little or no financial commitment as the clients' exports usually covers most expenses associated with international sales. • Low risk exists for companies who consider their domestic market to be more important and for companies that are still developing their R&D, marketing, and sales strategies. • Export management is outsourced, alleviating pressure from management team • No direct handle of export processes. Disadvantages: • Little or no control over distribution, sales, marketing, etc. as opposed to direct exporting • Wrong choice of distributor, and by effect, market, may lead to inadequate market feedback affecting the international success of the company • Potentially lower sales as compared to direct exporting (although low volume can be a key aspect of successfully exporting directly). Export partners that incorrectly select a specific distributor/market may hinder a firm's functional ability.  LICENSING: An international licensing agreement allows foreign firms, either exclusively or non-exclusively to manufacture a proprietor’s product for a fixed term in a specific market. Summarizing, in this foreign market entry mode, a licensor in the home country makes limited rights or resources available to the licensee in the host country. The rights or resources may include patents, trademarks, managerial skills, technology, and others that can make it possible for the licensee to manufacture and sell in the host country a similar product to the one the licensor has already been producing and selling in the home country without requiring the licensor to open a new operation overseas. The licensor earnings usually take forms of one time payments, technical fees and royalty payments usually calculated as a percentage of sales. As in this mode of entry the transference of knowledge between the parental company and the licensee is strongly present, the decision of making an international license agreement depend on the respect the host government show for intellectual property and on the ability of the licensor
  • 49. 1 to choose the right partners and avoid them to compete in each other market. Licensing is a relatively flexible work agreement that can be customized to fit the needs and interests of both, licensor and licensee. Following are the main advantages and reasons to use an international licensing for expanding internationally: • Obtain extra income for technical know-how and services • Reach new markets not accessible by export from existing facilities • Quickly expand without much risk and large capital investment • Pave the way for future investments in the market • Retain established markets closed by trade restrictions • Political risk is minimized as the licensee is usually 100% locally owned • Is highly attractive for companies that are new in international business. On the other hand, international licensing is a foreign market entry mode that presents some disadvantages and reasons why companies should not use it as: • Lower income than in other entry modes • Loss of control of the licensee manufacture and marketing operations and practices leading to loss of quality • Risk of having the trademark and reputation ruined by an incompetent partner • The foreign partner can also become a competitor by selling its production in places where the parental company is already in.  FRANCHISING: The by the franchisor. In addition to that, while a licensing agreement involves things such as intellectual property, trade secrets and others while in franchising it is limited to trademarks and operating know-how of the business. Advantages of the international franchising mode: • Low political risk • Low cost • Allows simultaneous expansion into different regions of the world • Well selected partners bring financial investment as well as managerial capabilities to the operation.
  • 50. 1  TURNKEY PROJECTS: A turnkey project refers to a project when clients pay contractors to design and construct new facilities and train personnel. A turnkey project is a way for a foreign company to export its process and technology to other countries by building a plant in that country. Industrial companies that specialize in complex production technologies normally use turnkey projects as an entry strategy. One of the major advantages of turnkey projects is the possibility for a company to establish a plant and earn profits in a foreign country especially in which foreign direct investment opportunities are limited and lack of expertise in a specific area exists. Potential disadvantages of a turnkey project for a company include risk of revealing companies secrets to rivals, and takeover of their plant by the host country. Entering a market with a turnkey project CAN prove that a company has no long-term interest in the country which can become a disadvantage if the country proves to be the main market for the output of the exported process.  WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARIES (WOS): A wholly owned subsidiary includes two types of strategies: Greenfield investment and Acquisitions. Greenfield investment and acquisition include both advantages and disadvantages. To decide which entry modes to use is depending on situations. Greenfield investment is the establishment of a new wholly owned subsidiary. It is often complex and potentially costly, but it is able to provide full control to the firm and has the most potential to provide above average return. “Wholly owned subsidiaries and expatriate staff are preferred in service industries where close contact with end customers and high levels of professional skills, specialized know how, and customization are required.” Greenfield investment is more likely preferred where physical capital intensive plants are planned. This strategy is attractive if there are no competitors to buy or the transfer competitive advantages that consists of embedded competencies, skills, routines, and culture. Greenfield investment is high risk due to the costs of establishing a new business in a new country. A firm may need to acquire knowledge and expertise of the existing market by third parties, such consultant, competitors, or business partners. This entry strategy takes much time due to the need of establishing new operations, distribution networks, and the necessity to learn and implement appropriate marketing strategies to compete with rivals in a new market. Acquisition has become a popular mode of entering foreign markets mainly due to its quick access. Acquisition strategy offers the fastest, and the largest, initial international expansion of any of the alternative. Acquisition has been increasing because it is a way to achieve greater market power. The market share usually is affected by market power. Therefore, many multinational corporations apply
  • 51. 1 acquisitions to achieve their greater market power, which require buying a competitor, a supplier, a distributor, or a business in highly related industry to allow exercise of a core competency and capture competitive advantage in the market. Acquisition is lower risk than Greenfield investment because of the outcomes of an acquisition can be estimated more easily and accurately. In overall, acquisition is attractive if there are well established firms already in operations or competitors want to enter the region. On the other hand, there are many disadvantages and problems in achieving acquisition success. • Integrating two organizations can be quite difficult due to different organization cultures, control system, and relationships.Integration is a complex issue, but it is one of the most important things for organizations. • By applying acquisitions, some companies significantly increased their levels of debt which can have negative effects on the firms because high debt may cause bankruptcy. • Too much diversification may cause problems. Even when a firm is not too over diversified, a high level of diversification can have a negative effect on the firm in the long-term performance due to a lack of management of diversification.  JOINT VENTURE: There are five common objectives in a joint venture: market entry, risk/reward sharing, technology sharing and joint product development, and conforming to government regulations. Other benefits include political connections and distribution channel access that may depend on relationships. Such alliances often are favourable when: • The partners' strategic goals converge while their competitive goals diverge • The partners' size, market power, and resources are small compared to the Industry leaders • Partners are able to learn from one another while limiting access to their own proprietary skills The key issues to consider in a joint venture are ownership, control, length of agreement, pricing, technology transfer, local firm capabilities and resources, and government intentions. Potential problems include: • Conflict over asymmetric new investments • Mistrust over proprietary knowledge • Performance ambiguity - how to split the pie • Lack of parent firm support
  • 52. 1 • Cultural clashes • If, how, and when to terminate the relationship Joint ventures have conflicting pressures to cooperate and compete: • Strategic imperative: the partners want to maximize the advantage gained for the joint venture, but they also want to maximize their own competitive position. • The joint venture attempts to develop shared resources, but each firm wants to develop and protect its own proprietary resources. • The joint venture is controlled through negotiations and coordination processes, while each firm would like to have hierarchical control.  STRATEGIC ALLIANCE: A strategic alliance is a type of cooperative agreements between different firms, such as shared research, formal joint ventures, or minority equity participation.The modern form of strategic alliances is becoming increasingly popular and has three distinguishing characteristics: 1. They are frequently between firms in industrialized nations. 2. The focus is often on creating new products and/or technologies rather than distributing existing ones. 3. They are often only created for short term durations. Advantages: Some advantages of a strategic alliance include:  Technology exchange: This is a major objective for many strategic alliances. The reason for this is that many breakthroughs and major technological innovations are based on interdisciplinary and/or inter-industrial advances. Because of this, it is increasingly difficult for a single firm to possess the necessary resources or capabilities to conduct their own effective R&D efforts. This is also perpetuated by shorter product life cycles and the need for many companies to stay competitive through innovation. Some industries that have become centers for extensive cooperative agreements are: • Telecommunications • Electronics • Pharmaceuticals
  • 53. 1 • Information technology • Specialty chemicals  Global competition: There is a growing perception that global battles between corporations be fought between teams of players aligned in strategic partnerships.Strategic alliances will become key tools for companies if they want to remain competitive in this globalized environment, particularly in industries that have dominant leaders, such as cell phone manufactures, where smaller companies need to ally in order to remain competitive.  Industry convergence: As industries converge and the traditional lines between different industrial sectors blur, strategic alliances are sometimes the only way to develop the complex skills necessary in the time frame required. Alliances become a way of shaping competition by decreasing competitive intensity, excluding potential entrants, and isolating players, and building complex value chains that can act as barriers.  Economies of scale and reduction of risk: Pooling resources can contribute greatly to economies of scale, and smaller companies especially can benefit greatly from strategic alliances in terms of cost reduction because of increased economies of scale. In terms on risk reduction, in strategic alliances no one firm bears the full risk, and cost of, a joint activity. This is extremely advantageous to businesses involved in high risk / cost activities such as R&D. This is also advantageous to smaller organizations which are more affected by risky activities.  Alliance as an alternative to merger: Some industry sectors have constraints to cross-border mergers and acquisitions, strategic alliances prove to be an excellent alternative to bypass these constraints.
  • 54. 1 Alliances often lead to full-scale integration if restrictions are lifted by one or both countries. Disadvantages: 1. Difficult to find a good partner 2. Risk of unequal partnership 3. Loss of control 4. Relationship management across borders. SUPPORTING INSTITUTES TO FACILITATE EXPORT/IMPORT Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) - Web site of EXIM Bank: Export-Import Bank of India (Exam Bank) www.eximbankindia.in Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) is a specialized financial institution, wholly owned by Government of India, set up in 1982, for financing, facilitating and promoting foreign trade of India. EXIM Bank extends Lines of Credit (LOCs) to overseas financial institutions, regional development banks, sovereign governments and other entities overseas, to enable buyers in those countries to import developmental and infrastructure projects, equipment, goods and services from India, on deferred credit terms. EXIM Bank has laid strong emphasis on enhancing project exports, the funding options for which have been enhanced with introduction of the Buyer's Credit-National Export Insurance Account (BC-NEIA) program. The Bank facilitates two-way technology transfer by financing import of technology into India, and investment abroad by Indian companies for setting up joint ventures, subsidiaries or undertaking overseas acquisitions. To promote hi-tech exports from India, the Bank has a lending programmed to finance research and development (R&D) activities of export-oriented companies. During the year ended 31st March, 2013, EXIM Bank sanctioned loans of Rs.40, 960crore, while disbursements amounted to Rs.40,635 crore. Loan Assets stood at Rs.65, 563crore as on March 31, 2013. EXIM Bank has put in place a Technology and Innovation Enhancement and Infrastructure Development (TIEID) Fund of US$ 500 million exclusively for MSMEs by partnering with Banks/FIs. TIEID seeks to meet long term foreign currency loan requirements of the MSME sector in addition to offering short-term export credit refinance in rupee and foreign currency. The Bank has put in place an Export Marketing Services (EMS) Programme to assist Indian companies in identification of prospective business partners, facilitating placement of final orders and also identification of opportunities for setting up plants or projects or for acquisition of companies overseas. During 2012-13, EXIM Bank became the first ever Indian entity to be
  • 55. 1 included in the Emerging Market Bond Index. The Bank became the first Indian entity to tap the Australian Dollar market and Singapore Dollar market. FINANCIAL PLAN 7.1 REQUIREMENTS Titus Mold Manufacturing, Inc. requires $4,450,000 to launch and operate. We are currently seeking funding from outside investors and business loans. We are also looking into additional options including supplier financing, deferred rent, subleasing space, partnerships, vending and client advance payment. At this time, we have raised $450,000 in working capital and are seeking the additional funds to start our business. We have raised $150,000 in venture capital funds. In addition, co-owners John Baker, Michael Smith and Susan Jones have each invested $100,000 into the company. 7.2 USE OF FUNDS The start-up funds will be used to cover operating costs including payroll, taxes, and utilities. Start-up funds will also be used to purchase capital expenditures such as leasehold improvements, software and machinery, which will produce future benefits for the company. Approximately forty percent will be spent on assets, while the other sixty percent will be spent on operations until we realize profitability. 7.3 INCOME STATEMENT PROJECTIONS The accompanying income statement demonstrates our company's profitability. Our income shows a gross profit margin of seventy-two percent. Our monthly operating expenses average $116,325. Projected net income will average $54,075 per month in our third year. After completing a comprehensive break-even analysis, we will achieve our break-even point by the middle of year two. 7.4 CASH FLOW PROJECTIONS The nature of our business requires that our company collect payment after the product is complete. So we have included the accompanying cash flow statement, which projects our
  • 56. 1 monthly flow of cash. While we expect to reach break-even by our eighteenth month, it will take nearly two years to become cash flow positive. 7.5 BALANCE SHEET Our balance sheet will depend greatly on our sources of capital. We expect to raise approximately $1.5 million through loans and $2.95 million through equity capital. Our assets will be comprised of cash, leasehold improvements, equipment, software and other tangible assets. 7.6 ASSUMPTIONS Our projections are based on the assumption that the manufacturing industry, particularly the medical and automotive industries, will continue to follow present trends. Industry regulation and government legislation is always poised to interfere with business projections, but there are no indications at this time to expect any negative influence to our projections. Additionally, we are not relying on new regulations or the passage of new legislation to enable our company to reach our projected numbers.
  • 57. 1 Balance sheet of 1st year Labiality Amt Asset Amt Owned capital Land & building 810000 3745000 + net profit - dep. 299600 3445400 6040280 6850280 Plant & machinery Barrowed capital 500000 6000000 - dep.40000 460000 + int. on loan Computer 660000 5340000 50000 -dep.1000 49000 Creditors 100000 Furniture 100000 Bill payable 900000 -dep.5000 95000 Cash balance 7217400 Closing stock 1480000 Bill receivable 100000 Debtors 150000 Bank balance 193480 13190280 13190280
  • 58. 1 TRADING ACCOUNT OF 2nd YEAR Particular Amt Particular Amt To opening stock 1480000 By Sales A/c 6000000 To perches 900000 Closing stock 4150000 to wages 170000 To utility 20000 To gross profit (?) 7580000 10150000 10150000 Profit & loss account of 2nd year Particular Amt Particular Amt To salary acc. By gross profit 7580000 Manager 125000 Supervisor 85000 Clerk 37000 Account 97000 To dep.acc. Machinery 40000 Land & building 299600 Furniture 5000 Computer 1000 To indirect expense Postage & stationery 25000 Telephone 73000 Advertise 73000 Repair & maintains 7800 Tax 10000 Sales expense 40000 Mis .expense 528000 Interest on loan 6000
  • 59. 1 Net profit 6127600 7580000 7580000 Balance sheet of 2nd year Labiality Amt Asset Amt Owned capital Land & building 810000 3445400 + net profit - dep. 299600 3145800 6127600 6937600 Plant & machinery Barrowed capital 460000 6000000 - dep.40000 420000 + int. on loan Computer 660000 5340000 49000 -dep.1000 48000 Creditors 700000 Furniture 95000 Bill payable 50000 -dep.5000 90000 Cash balance 720000 Closing stock 20000 Bill receivable 40000 Debtors 4150000 Bank balance 4393800 13027600 13027600
  • 60. 1 TRADING ACCOUNT OF 3rd YEAR Particular Amt Particular Amt To opening stock 454000 By Sales A/c 12800000 To perches 1210000 Closing stock 9150000 to wages 182000 To utility 110000 To gross profit (?) 19994000 21950000 21950000 Profit & loss account of 3rd year Particular Amt Particular Amt To salary acc. By gross profit 19994000 Manager 126000 Supervisor 80000 Clerk 38000 Account 48000 To dep.acc. Machinery 40000 Land & building 299600 Furniture 5000 Computer 1000 To indirect expense Postage & stationery 750000 Telephone 600000 Advertise 72000 Repair & maintains 73000 Tax 657800 Sales expense 300000 Mis .expense 3700000
  • 61. 1 Interest on loan 396000 Net profit 12807600 19994000 19994000 Balance sheet of 3rd year Labiality Amt Asset Amt Owned capital Land & building 810000 3145800 + net profit - dep. 299600 2846200 12807600 13617600 Plant & machinery Barrowed capital 420000 6000000 - dep.40000 380000 + int. on loan Computer 660000 5340000 48000 -dep.1000 47000 Creditors 200000 Furniture 90000 Bill payable 100000 -dep.5000 85000 Cash balance 73000 Closing stock 9150000 Bill receivable 48000 Debtors 40000 Bank balance 6588400 19257600 19257600
  • 62. 1 TRADING ACCOUNT OF 4th YEAR Particular Amt Particular Amt To opening stock 2956600 By Sales A/c 14800000 To perches 1220000 Closing stock 17650000 to wages 183000 To utility 112000 To gross profit (?) 27978400 32450000 32450000 Profit & loss account of 4th year Particular Amt Particular Amt To salary acc. By gross profit 27978400 Manager 258000 Supervisor 81000 Clerk 50000 Account 99000 To dep.acc. Machinery 40000 Land & building 299600 Furniture 5000 Computer 1000 To indirect expense Postage & stationery 800000 Telephone 1316800 Advertise 78000 Repair & maintains 75000 Tax 869500
  • 63. 1 Sales expense 320000 Mis .expense 900000 Interest on loan 264000 Net profit 22521500 27978400 27978400 BREAKEVEN POINT & LIST CHART Break- Even analysis is a concept used very widely in the production management and costing. It is an analytical tool which helps the firm to identify that level of sale where it will cover its cost of production. Any sale over and above the break- Even Point will accrue profits to the firm, while any sales less than it
  • 64. 1 would put the firm into losses. The Break- Even Point shows the price at which the firm makes neither profit nor loss.
  • 65. 1 Limitation of BEP:- 1)For the break- even point to be counted, all costs need to be clearly categorized in fixed and variable costs, which may not be possible every time. 2)For the multiple- product or joint- product operations, it is difficult to apply the break- even analysis. On needs to ascertain the costs to each product> hence the analysis is applicable only for single product. 3)The computation of break- even point is based on the historical information. If this information is not relevant, the analysis can not be applied usefully. Significance of Break- Even Analysis The break- even analysis helps us to determine the levels of sales necessary to meet all the operating costs. With the estimates of revenue and costs, we can forecast the profits. One can also appraise the effects of change in price, fixed costs and variable cost on sales volume, total cost and total revenue and in turn, on the break- even point. One can compare the profit earning capacities of different firms. It can also bring out the significance of capacity utilization for achieving economy. BEP ANALYSIS
  • 66. 1 1) PVR = C X100 S =2377200 X100 4650000 =51.12% BEP = FC PVR = 1999600 51.12% = 3911580.59 2) PVR = C X100 S =5637200 X100 8050000 =70.03% BEP = FC
  • 67. 1 PVR = 2018080 70.03% =2881736.40 3) PVR = C X100 S = 5021829 X100 7500000 =66.96% BEP = FC PVR = 1958560 66.96% =2924970.13
  • 68. 1 4)PVR = C X100 S =6189572 X100 8700000 =71.14 BEP = FC PVR = 1946270 71.14% = 2735830.76
  • 69. 1 5) PVR = C X100 S =6931002 X100 9550000 =72.58% BEP = FC PVR = 1896798 72.58% =2613389.36
  • 70. 1 RATIO ANALYLSIS (1) GROSS PROFIT RATIO= Gross Profit x 100 Net Sales = 24398000 x 100 19000000 =128.41% (2) NET PROFIT RATIO = Net Profit x 100 Total Sales = 14041000x 100 19000000 = 73.9% (3)STOCK TURNOVER RATIO = SALES X 100 CLOSSING STOCK = 19000000X100 7030000 = 270.27%
  • 71. 1 (4) RETURN ON INVESTEMENT=EBIT x 100 Capital = 16152400 x 100 810000 = 19.94% 5) EXPENS RATIO = EXPENS X 100 SALES = 33000X100 19000000 = 0.17%
  • 72. 1