1. Learning chpt 11 Goals
1. Discuss the main ways the self is conceptualized.
 How can the terms self, identity, and personality be defined?
 What is self-understanding and how does it develop?
 What are self-esteem and self-concept, and how do they develop?
 How is self-esteem related to performance, initiative, and happiness?
 Is there a dark side to high self-esteem?
 What are some ways to increase self-esteem?
 What is self-regulation and how does it develop?
2. Explain the key facets of identity development.
 What does an identity involve?
 What are Erikson’s views of identity?
 What are some contemporary thought on identity
 What are the four identity statuses and how do they change developmentally?
 How does the family influence identity?
 What characterizes ethnic identity?
3. Describe personality and its development in adulthood.
 What are trait theories?
 What are the big five factors of personality?
 What are some views of adult development of personality?
 What is Erikson’s view of middle-aged adults?
 What are some major longitudinal studies of adult personality development, and what
implications do they have for the stability/change issue?
Key Terms
Big Five factors of personality Individuality
Commitment Narcissism
Connectedness Personality
Contemporary life-events approach Perspective taking
Crisis Possible selves
Ethnic identity Psychosocial moratorium
Generativity vs. stagnation Self
Identity Self-concept
Identity achievement Self-esteem
Identity diffusion Self-regulation
Identity foreclosure Self-understanding
Identity moratorium Selective optimization with compensation theory
Identity vs. identity confusion Trait theories
Key People
Paul Baltes Jutta Heckhausen Walter Mischel
Avshalom Caspi Ravenna Helson Daniel Mrozcek

2. John Clausen Claire Kopp Brent Roberts
Paul Costa Daniel Levinson Robert Selman
William Damon John Marcia George Vaillant
Erik Erikson Hazel Markus Alan Waterman
Susan Harter Robert McCrae