Types of Mixtures and Solutions Guide

Chapter Menu Mixtures and Solutions Section 14.1 Types of Mixtures Section 14.2 Solution Concentration Section 14.3 Factors Affecting Solvation Section 14.4 Colligative Properties of Solutions Exit Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides.

Section 14-1 Section 14.1 Types of Mixtures ,[object Object],solute: a substance dissolved in a solution suspension colloid Brownian motion Tyndall effect soluble miscible insoluble immiscible ,[object Object],[object Object],Mixtures can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous.

Section 14-1 Heterogeneous Mixtures ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-1 Heterogeneous Mixtures (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-1 Heterogeneous Mixtures (cont.)

Section 14-1 Heterogeneous Mixtures (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-1 Homogeneous Mixtures ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-1 Homogeneous Mixtures (cont.)

Section 14-1 Homogeneous Mixtures (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 14-1 Section 14.1 Assessment Miscible substances are: A. two liquids that are not soluble in each other B. solids that dissolve in liquids C. solids that do not dissolve in liquids D. two liquids that are soluble in each other

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 14-1 Section 14.1 Assessment The jerky, random movement of particles in a liquid colloid is known as ____. A. Brownian motion B. Tyndall effect C. Charles’s Law D. kinetic energy

Section 14-2 Section 14.2 Solution Concentration ,[object Object],solvent: the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution concentration molarity molality mole fraction ,[object Object],[object Object],Concentration can be expressed in terms of percent or in terms of moles.

Section 14-2 Expressing Concentration ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-2 Expressing Concentration (cont.)

Section 14-2 Expressing Concentration (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-2 Expressing Concentration (cont.) ,[object Object]

Section 14-2 Expressing Concentration (cont.) ,[object Object],where X A and X B represent mole fractions of each substance

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 14-2 Section 14.2 Assessment Which is NOT a quantitative measure of concentration? A. molarity B. molality C. percent by mass D. dilute

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 14-2 Section 14.2 Assessment The number of moles of solute divided by liters of solution is called ____. A. molarity B. molality C. percent by volume D. percent by mass

Section 14-3 Section 14.3 Factors Affecting Solvation ,[object Object],exothermic: a chemical reaction in which more energy is released than is required to break bonds in the initial reactants ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-3 Section 14.3 Factors Affecting Solvation (cont.) solvation heat of solution unsaturated solution saturated solution supersaturated solution Henry’s law Factors such as temperature, pressure, and polarity affect the formation of solutions.

Section 14-3 The Solvation Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-3 The Solvation Process (cont.)

Section 14-3 The Solvation Process (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-3 Factors That Affect Solvation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-3 Solubility ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-3 Solubility (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-3 Solubility (cont.)

Section 14-3 Solubility (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 14-3 Section 14.3 Assessment For a given amount, which type of solution contains the LEAST amount of solute? A. solvated B. saturated C. supersaturated D. unsaturated

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 14-3 Section 14.3 Assessment At a given temperature, the solubility of a gas is directly proportional to what? A. volume B. mass C. molarity D. pressure

Section 14-4 Section 14.4 Colligative Properties of Solutions ,[object Object],ion: an atom that is electrically charged ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-4 Section 14.4 Colligative Properties of Solutions (cont.) colligative property vapor pressure lowering boiling point elevation freezing point depression osmosis osmotic pressure Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles in a solution.

Section 14-4 Electrolytes and Colligative Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-4 Electrolytes and Colligative Properties (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-4 Vapor Pressure Lowering ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-4 Vapor Pressure Lowering (cont.) ,[object Object]

Section 14-4 Boiling Point Elevation ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-4 Boiling Point Elevation (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-4 Boiling Point Elevation (cont.)

Section 14-4 Freezing Point Depression ,[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-4 Freezing Point Depression (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 14-4 Freezing Point Depression (cont.)

Section 14-4 Osmotic Pressure ,[object Object]

Section 14-4 Osmotic Pressure (cont.) ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 14-4 Section 14.4 Assessment Nonvolatile solutes ____ the vapor pressure of a solution. A. increase B. decrease C. do not change D. unpredictably change

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 14-4 Section 14.4 Assessment Colligative properties of a solution depend on: A. the type of solute B. the type of solvent C. the vapor pressure of the solvent D. the number of particles of solute

Resources Menu Chemistry Online Study Guide Chapter Assessment Standardized Test Practice Image Bank Concepts in Motion

Study Guide 1 Section 14.1 Types of Mixtures Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Study Guide 2 Section 14.2 Solution Concentration Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Study Guide 2 Section 14.2 Solution Concentration (cont.) Key Concepts ,[object Object],M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2

Study Guide 3 Section 14.3 Factors Affecting Solvation Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Study Guide 4 Section 14.4 Colligative Properties of Solutions Key Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 1 When dispersed solids in a colloid scatter light, it is known as ____. A. Tyndall effect B. Brownian motion C. Henry’s law D. Charles’s law

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 2 Molality is: A. the number of moles of solute divided by liters of solution B. the volume of solute divided by liters of solution C. the volume of solute divided by the volume of solution D. the number of moles of solute divided by kg of solvent

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 3 Which is NOT a type of solution? A. saturated B. unsaturated C. polyunsaturated D. supersaturated

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 4 The addition of a nonvolatile solute to a solution: A. increases the freezing point of the solution B. increases the vapor pressure of the solution C. lowers the boiling point of the solution D. decreases vapor pressure of the solution

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Assessment 5 Solutes in a solution can be: A. liquids only B. liquids and solids only C. gases and solids only D. gases, liquids, or solids

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 1 Which is NOT an intensive physical property? A. volume B. hardness C. density D. mass

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 2 Cl 2 (g) + 2NO(g) -> 2NOCl is what type of reaction? A. dehydration B. synthesis C. fusion D. replacement

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 3 If 8 mol of H 2 is used, how many moles of Fe will be produced? Fe 3 O 4 (s) + 4H 2 ->3Fe(s) + 4H 2 O(l) A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 4 Which is NOT a colligative property? A. heat of solution B. boiling point elevation C. vapor pressure lowering D. freezing point depression

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STP 5 Nonvolatile solutes _____ the boiling point of a solution. A. increase B. decrease C. do not change D. unpredictably change

IB Menu Click on an image to enlarge.

CIM Table 14.2 Types and Examples of Solutions Figure 14.10 Dissolution of Compounds Figure 14.19 Strong, Weak, and Non-Electrolytes Figure 14.23 Osmosis

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Types of Mixtures and Solutions Guide

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Types of Mixtures and Solutions Guide