1. NOUNS

2. Nouns are classified into...
COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE
SINGULAR PLURAL ONE FORM (sing.)
car cars rice
pencil pencils sugar
man men peace
child children glass*
person people chocolate*
mouse mice paper*

3. a/an + singular countable nouns
(car/apple/shoe...)
- I need a new car.
- Do you want an apple?
some + plural countable nouns
(cars/apples/shoes...)
- I need some new shoes.
- Do you want some apples?

4. some + uncountable nouns
(water/money/music...)
- I need some money.
- Do you want some cheese?

5. Some nouns are sometimes countable or uncountable:
a cake
some cake
some cakes
or
a piece of cake

6.  BREAD  I’ll buy some bread (or a loaf of bread). (NOT a bread)
 WEATHER  It’s nice weather today. (NOT It’s a nice weather)
 INFORMATION  I need some information about hotels in London.
 ADVICE  Can you give me some advice?
 CHOCOLATE  Some chocolate = “xocolata”. / A chocolate = “bombó”
 FURNITURE  They have some very nice furniture in their house.
 PAPER  Can you give me some paper? (or a piece of paper).
 NEWS  I’ve got some news about Helen. (NOT “a new about Helen)

7. QUANTIFIERS (1)
TOO + adjective not + adjective + ENOUGH
“massa” “no prou”
These shoes are too small. These shoes are not big enough.
This phone is too expensive. This phone is not cheap enough.
This computer is too slow. This computer is not fast enough.

8. QUANTIFIERS (2)
TOO MUCH + TOO MANY +
sing. noun plural. noun
They have too much time. They have too many things.

9. QUANTIFIERS (3)
SOME / ANY / MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF
COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE
SOME / A LOT OF SOME / A LOT OF
+  She has some friends.  She has some money.
a lot of a lot of
ANY / MANY ANY / MUCH
-  She doesn't have any friends.  She doesn't have any money.
many much
ANY / MANY ANY / MUCH
?  Does she have any friends?  Does she have any money?
many much

10. QUANTIFIERS (3)
SOME / ANY / MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF
COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE
SOME / A LOT OF SOME / A LOT OF
+  She has some friends.  She has some money.
a lot of a lot of
ANY / MANY ANY / MUCH
-  She doesn't have any friends.  She doesn't have any money.
many much
ANY / MANY ANY / MUCH
?  Does she have any friends?  Does she have any money?
many much