1. Three Candidates
The economic situation in your country is dire. Millions are out of work. Millions more are
going hungry. Thousands are losing their jobs every day. Your children have had to leave
school to help earn money for the family. Past leaders have attempted to help the situation,
but with limited and/or temporary success. A new election arises. Here are your candidates:
Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
• Associates with • Has been kicked • Decorated war
crooked politicians out of office twice hero
• Has had two • Refuses to work • Vegetarian
extramarital before noon • Rewards his staff
affairs that have for quitting
made headlines
• Used
hallucinogenic smoking
• Chain smoker • Faithful to his
drugs in college
• Heavy drinker wife
• Heavy drinker
• Promises quick • Promises full
economic • War hero economic
recovery, but • Promises recovery, swiftly,
requires further recovery, but that though with
sacrifices to do so it will be a slow some sacrifices
process for the good of all
5. Post WWI: The Treaty of Versailles
• The components of the Treaty created a severe
economic depression in many of the countries
involved in the war, especially Germany.
• Germany was unable to pay the reparations it owed
to the Allied countries, so they, in turn, fell into hard
times as well.
• The crash of the American stock market and
subsequent Great Depression was felt world wide.
In other words…
things really sucked.
6. Inflation Causes Crisis in Germany
• Germany did not increase taxes to pay for the
war
• To pay for expenses just produced more money
10. Benito Mussolini
•In 1919 Benito Mussolini
founded Italy’s Fascist Party
•Fascism was a kind of
aggressive nationalism.
•Fascists believed that the
nation was more important
than the individual, and that a
nation became great by
expanding its territory and
building its military.
•Fascists were anti-
Communist.
11. Adolf Hitler
• Hitler founded the
National Socialist
German Workers'
Party (Nazi)
• The Nazi Party was
extremely nationalistic
and anti-Communist
• He believed certain
Germans were part of a
“master race” destined
to rule the world.
• He wanted Eastern
Europeans enslaved.
• He felt Jews were
responsible for many of
the world’s problems.
12.
13. •Their symbol • It was also used by
Native Americans as
was the Swastika, well as early
an ancient cross Christians. The
with the arms Nazi’s adopted this
cross when they
bent at right mistakenly thought
angles in the it was an Aryan
middle found in symbol.
ancient China,
Egypt and India.
14. Emperor Hirohito
• Difficult economic times
in Japan after World
War I undermined the
country’s political
system. Many Japanese
officers and civilians
wanted to seize territory
to gain needed
resources.
• In 1931 the Japanese
army, without the
government’s
permission, invaded the
resource-rich Chinese
province of Manchuria.
The military took
control of Japan.
15. Lenin and Stalin
Vladimir Lenin and the
Bolshevik Red Army dethrone
the Czar and bring Russia to
Communism.
When Lenin dies, Joseph Stalin
takes over. His form of
Communism takes power away
from the proletariat and uses
fear tactics to squash any
competition.
18. •Japan aligned itself with Germany and
Italy, and these three countries became
known as the Axis Powers.
19.
20. Quick Write 2-4-10
Answer the following questions:
• Who was the leader of Germany?
• Who was the leader of Italy?
• Who was the leader of Japan?
• What countries made up the AXIS powers?
22. Unites States Follows an
Isolationist Policy
* Isolationism- avoidance of
political ties with other
countries
* In 1935, Congress passes
Neutrality Acts
23. • President Franklin D.
Roosevelt supported
internationalism.
Internationalists believe
that trade between
nations creates prosperity
and helps to prevent war.
24. Neutral?
• Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1935
making it illegal for Americans to sell arms to
any country at war. Then lessens the deal in
1937 to allow nonmilitary supplies to be sold.
• After Japan launched a full-scale attack on China
in 1937, Roosevelt authorized the sale of
weapons to China, saying that the Neutrality Act
of 1937 did not apply, since neither China nor
Japan had actually declared war.
25. Hitler Starts His Mission
• France, the Soviet Union, and Britain threatened
to fight Germany if it attacked Czechoslovakia.
At the Munich Conference on September 29,
1938, Britain and France, hoping to prevent
another war, agreed to Hitler’s demands in a
policy known as appeasement.
26. Wait...Hitler Lied?!?!
• Hitler invades Czechoslovakia, March 1939
• Hitler invades Poland, September 1939
• Hitler defeats Norway and Denmark, April 1940
• He used his all-time favorite military strategy:
27.
28. Hitler invades France
• After World War I, the French
built a line of concrete bunkers
and fortifications called the
Maginot Line along the
German border.
• When Hitler decided to attack
France, he went around the
Maginot Line by invading the
Netherlands, Belgium, and
Luxembourg.
• The French and British forces
quickly went into Belgium,
becoming trapped there by
German forces.
29. • Hitler and
Stalin sign an
agreement
stating that
neither will
attack the other
in the event of
war
• Renders Soviet-
Polish defense
agreement
useless.
30. The Battle of Britain!
Hitler stretches his military might
33. Battle of Britain • Great Britain stands
alone against Germany in
Europe
• On Aug 23rd, German
bombers “accidentally”
bomb London, the British
capital
• This enrages the British
citizens
• The next night bombs, for
the first time in the war,
fall on Berlin
34. • Sporadic German air
bombardment by the
Luftwaffe increases to a
full-blown air assault
• Hitler’s new goal: terrorize
the British
• Hitler thinks Britain’s PM,
Winston Churchill, will
surrender after France
surrenders
• On advantage for the
British: RADAR
35. The Atlantic Charter
• Roosevelt and Churchill
signed a treaty of
friendship called the
Atlantic Charter
• The charter was
fashioned after Wilson’s
14 Points
• called for a League of
Nations type of
organization
36. Lend-Lease Agreement
• Britain had run out of funds to wage war
• Lend-Lease Act
▫ U.S. could lend or lease arms to any country
considered to be “vital to the defense of the U.S.”
• Britain could use now and pay later
• “Great Arsenal of Democracy”
• Goal: Keep the British fighting and thus making
it unnecessary for U.S. to go to war
37. • "In this photograph,
shot in December
1941, British children,
evacuated from
London's East End, are
receiving a meal made
from American
dehydrated vegetables,
provided under the
Lend Lease program."
38. • "This photograph taken in the
summer of 1941, shows
Churchill's recognizable figure
as he watches the arrival of
the first B-17 'Flying Fortress.'
Even though the U.S. was
desperately trying to build up
its military forces throughout
1941,
• Roosevelt decided to give the
British models of the United
States' most advanced
weapons. Military aid to
Britain was greatly facilitated
by the Lend-Lease Act of
March 11, 1941, in which
Congress authorized the sale,
lease, transfer, or exchange of
arms and supplies to 'any
country whose defense the
president deems vital to the
defense of the United States.'"
39. • "This photograph taken in the summer of 1941, shows Churchill
inspecting an American M-3 tank. Even though the U.S. was desperately
trying to build up its military forces throughout 1941, Roosevelt decided
to give the British models of the United States' most advanced weapons.
Military aid to Britain was greatly facilitated by the Lend-Lease Act of
March 11, 1941, in which Congress authorized the sale, lease, transfer, or
exchange of arms and supplies to 'any country whose defense the
president deems vital to the defense of the United States.'" (This is a
stable URL and can be directly linked)
40. • "Baby Betty Rothwell loves her
orange juice. She was very thin
and ailing until lend-lease
concentrated orange juice
arrived in England for special
distribution to children,
nursing mothers and invalids.
With the juice added to her
wartime diet, she soon became
the healthy one-year-old in the
photograph."
41. • "Crowds of
people and a
guard of honor of
tanks, meeting
M. Maisky,
Soviet
ambassador, and
members of the
Russian military
mission when
they arrived at a
tank factory
somewhere in
Great Britain(?),
where the week's
tank production
is for Russia,
showing the
"Stalin" tank,
which had just
been christened
by Madame
Maisky."
42. Your Assignment
• You will reading an address by President
Roosevelt in one of his “fire-side” chats to the
American public
• Note: This address takes place 1 year prior to
America entering the war
• You will be looking at the reasoning behind the
Lend-Lease Agreement and making an argument
for or against it, citing reasons why.
43. Quick Write 2-9-10
• Based on what we learned in our last few classes
on U.S. neutrality:
• Do you feel think that the Neutrality Acts were
an effective way to prevent the U.S. involvement
in World War II? Why or Why not?
45. American Opinion Begins to Shift
• After the German invasion of France and the
rescue of Allied forces at Dunkirk, American
public opinion changed to favor limited aid to
the Allies.
• President Roosevelt proposed the Lend-Lease
Act, which stated that the United States could
lend or lease arms to any country considered
“vital to the defense of the United States.”
Congress passed the act by a wide margin.
46. Operation Barbarossa
was the code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the
Soviet Union during World War II
47. Hemispheric Defense Zone
• President Roosevelt developed the hemispheric defense zone,
which declared the entire western half of the Atlantic as part of the
Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral. This allowed Roosevelt
to order the U.S. Navy to patrol the western Atlantic Ocean and
reveal the location of German submarines to the British.
48. • The U.S. implemented a series of policies aimed at
discouraging Japan from attacking Great Britain.
• Roosevelt responded to the threat of the Japanese air
force attacking Great Britain by freezing all Japanese
assets in the United States and reducing the amount of
oil shipped to Japan.
• As a result, Japan signed an alliance with Germany and
Italy and officially entered the war.
• Sent General MacArthur to the Philippines to build up
American defenses there.
60. This is the Boston Naval Yard’s copy of a December 7,
1941, dispatch from the Commander-in-Chief of the
Pacific, which announced the surprise Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
67. Casualties and Losses
Japan United States
4 midget submarines sunk, 5 battleships sunk,
1 midget submarine run 2 destroyers sunk, 1 damaged
aground, 1 other ship sunk, 3 damaged
29 aircraft destroyed, 3 battleships damaged,
55 airmen, 9 submariners 3 cruisers damaged
killed and 1 captured 188 aircraft destroyed, 155
aircraft damaged,
2,345 military and 57 civilians
killed,
1,247 military and 35 civilians
wounded
68. • NAME RANK SERVICE HOME AARON, Hubert Charles Titus F2c USN Arkansas ABERCROMBIE, Samuel Adolphus S1c USN Texas ADAMS, Robert Franklin S1c USN
Alabama ADKISON, James Dillion S1c USN Texas AGUIRRE, Reyner Aceves S2c USN AGUON, Gregorio San N. MATT1c USN Guam AHERN, Richard James F1c USN
California ALBEROVSKY, Francis Severin BMKR1c USN California ALBRIGHT, Galen Winston S1c USN Indiana ALEXANDER, Elvis Author S2c USN Arkansas ALLEN,
Robert Lee SF3c USN Texas ALLEN, William Clayborn EM1c USN California ALLEN, William Lewis SK2c USNR Texas ALLEY, Jay Edgar GM1c USN ALLISON, Andrew K.
F1c USN Missouri ALLISON, J. T. F1c USN ALTEN, Ernest Mathew S2c USN California AMON, Frederick Purdy S1c USN AMUNDSON, Leo DeVere PVT USMC
ANDERSON, Charles Titus CM2c USN California ANDERSON, Delbert Jake BM2c USN Minnesota ANDERSON, Donald William SM3c USN ANDERSON, Harry S1c USN
California ANDERSON, Howard Taisey F1c USN Maryland ANDERSON, Irwin Corinthis MATT1c USN ANDERSON, James Pickins Jr. S1c USN ANDERSON, Lawrence
Donald ENS USNR ANDERSON, Robert Adair GM3c USN Missouri ANDREWS, Brainerd Wells CCMP USN Vermont ANGLE, Earnest Hersea F2c USN West Virginia
ANTHONY, Glenn Samuel S1c USN California APLIN, James Raymond CWTP USN California APPLE, Robert William F1c USN Illinois APREA, Frank Anthony COX USN
ARLEDGE, Eston SM2c USN Louisiana ARNAUD, Achilles F3c USN Louisiana ARNEBERG, William Robert F2c USN ARNOLD, Claude Duran Jr. F3c USN Louisiana
ARNOLD, Thell SC1c USN Arkansas ARRANT, John Anderson MM1c USN Florida ARVIDSON, Carl Harry CMMP USN Washington ASHMORE, Wilburn James S2c USN
Louisiana ATCHISON, John Calvin PVT USMC Missouri ATKINS, Gerald Arthur HA1c USN Nebraska AUSTIN, Laverne Alfred S1c USN New York AUTRY, Eligah T. Jr.
COX USN Arkansas AVES, Willard Charles F2c USN AYDELL, Miller Xavier WT2c USN Louisiana AYERS, Dee Cumpie S2c USN BADILLA, Manuel Domonic F1c USN
BAILEY, George Richmond PFC USMC California BAIRD, Billy Bryon S1c USN Indiana BAJORIMS, Joseph S1c USN Illinois BAKER, Robert Dewey CMM USN BALL,
William V. S1c USN BANDY, Wayne Lynn MUS2c USN Missouri BANGERT, John Henry FC1c USN BARAGA, Joseph SGT USMC Michigan BARDON, Charles Thomas S2c
USN Oklahoma BARKER, Loren Joe COX USN Iowa BARNER, Walter Ray S2c USN Texas BARNES, Charles Edward Y3c USN Missouri BARNES, Delmar Hayes LTJG
USNR California BARNETT, William Thermon S2c USN Arkansas BARTLETT, David William CPL USMC California BARTLETT, Paul Clement MM1c USN Texas BATES,
Edward Munroe Jr. ENS USNR New York BATES, Tobert Alvin PHM3c USN Texas BATOR, Edward F1c USN New York BAUER, Harold Walter RM3c USN Kansas
BEATON, Freddie PVT USMC California BEAUMONT, James Ammon S2c USN Texas BECK, George Richard S1c USN California BECKER, Marvin Otto GM3c USN
Kansas BECKER, Wesley Paulson S1c USN Kansas BEDFORD, Purdy Renaker F1c USN Kentucky BEERMAN, Henry Carl CM3c USN Washington BEGGS, Harold Eugene
F1c USN Missouri BELL, Hershel Homer FC2c USN Illinois BELL, Richard Leroy S2c USN California BELLAMY, James Curtis OS3c USN California BELT, Everett Ray Jr.
PFC USMC Missouri BENFORD, Sam Austin BKR2c USN Minnesota BENNETT, William Edmond Jr. Y3c USN Illinois BENSON, James Thomas S1c USN Alabama
BERGIN, Roger Joseph F2c USN Canada BERKANSKI, Albert Charles COX USN Pennsylvania BERNARD, Frank Peter F2c USN BERRY, Gordon Eugene F2c USN
Colorado BERRY, James Winford F2c USN California BERSCH, Arthur Anthony S1c USN Iowa BERTIE, George Allan Jr. S2c USN Arizona BIBBY, Charles Henry F2c USN
Alabama BICKEL, Kenneth Robert F1c USN Nebraska BICKNELL, Dale Deen S1c USN Washington BIRCHER, Frederick Robert RM3c USN Pennsylvania BIRDSELL,
Rayon Delois F2c USN Missouri BIRGE, George Albert S1c USN New York BISHOP, Grover Barron MM1c USN Texas BISHOP, Millard Charles F3c USN Alabama
BISHOP, Wesley horner Jr. RM3c USNR New York BLACK, James Theron PVT USMC Alabama BLAIS, Albert Edward RM3c USNR New York BLAKE, James Monroe F2c
USN Missouri BLANCHARD, Albert Richard COX USN Minnesota BLANKENSHIP, Theron A. S1c USN Alabama BLANTON, Atticus Lee SF3c USN Florida BLIEFFERT,
Richmond Frederick S1c USN Washington BLOCK, Ivan Lee PHM2c USN New Mexico BLOUNT, Wayman Boney S1c USN Texas BOGGESS, Roy Eugene SF2c USN
California BOHLENDER, Sam GM2c USN Colorado BOLLING, Gerald Revese S1c USN Arkansas BOLLING, Walter Karr F3c USN Kentucky BOND, Burnis Leroy CPL
USMC Missouri BONEBRAKE, Buford Earl F2c USN Kansas BONFIGLIO, William John EM1c USN New York BOOTH, Robert Sinclair Jr. ENS USNR BOOZE, Asbury
Legare BM1c USN Georgia BORGER, Richard CMMA USN California BOROVICH, Joseph John S1c USN California BORUSKY, Edwin Charles CPL USMC North Dakota
BOSLEY, Kenneth Leroy EM3c USN Missouri BOVIALL, Walter Robert AMM2c USN Wisconsin BOWMAN, Howard Alton S2c USN Iowa BOYD, Charles Andrew CM3c
USN Alabama BOYDSTUN, Don Jasper S2c USN Texas BOYDSTUN, R. L. S2c USN Texas BRABBZSON, Oran Merrill MUS2c USN New York BRADLEY, Bruce Dean S2c
USN Illinois BRAKKE, Kenneth Gay F3c USN Washington BRICKLEY, Eugene PVT USMC Indiana BRIDGES, James Leon S1c USN Tennessee BRIDGES, Paul Hyatt S1c
USN Arkansas BRIDIE, Robert Maurice F1c USN BRIGNOLE, Erminio Joseph S2c USN California BRITTAN, Charles Edward S2c USN California BROADHEAD, Johnnie
Cecil F2c USN Alabama BROCK, Walter Pershing S1c USN Kentucky BROMLEY, George Edward SM3c USN Washington BROMLEY, Jimmie S1c USN BROOKS, Robert
Neal ENS USNR Washington BROOME, Loy Raymond SM3c USN Oklahoma BROONER, Allen Ottis S1c USN Indiana BROPHY, Myron Alonzo F2c USN Vermont
BROWN, Charles Martin S2c USN California BROWN, Elwyn Leroy EM3c USN Kansas BROWN, Frank George QM3c USN Oregon BROWN, Richard Corbett S1c USN
California BROWN, William Howard S2c USN Oregon BROWNE, Harry Lamont CMMA USN California BROWNING, Tilmon David S1c USN West Virginia BRUNE,
James William RM3c USNR Missouri BRYAN, Leland Howard S1c USN Texas BRYANT, Lloyd Glenn BM2c USN California BUCKLEY, Jack C. FC3c USN Kentucky BUDD,
Robert Emile F2c USN Michigan BUHR, Clarence Edward S1c USN New Mexico BURDEN, Ralph Leon RM3c USN Ohio BURDETTE, Ralph Warren MUS2c USN New
Jersey BURKE, Frank Edmond Jr. SK2c USN Tennessee BURNETT, Charlie Leroy S2c USN BURNS, John Edward F1c USN Pennsylvania BUSICK, Dewey Olney F3c USN
Ohio BUTCHER, David Adrian F2c USN Washington BUTLER, John Dabney F1c USN Texas BYRD, Charles Dewitt S1c USN Tennessee CABAY, Louis Clarence S1c USN
Illinois CADE, Richard Esh S2c USN Washington CALDWELL, Charles Jr. F3c USN Missouri CALLAGHAN, James Thomas BM2c USN Colorado CAMDEN, Raymond
Edward S2c USN Oklahoma CAMM, William Fielden Y2c USN Arkansas CAMPA, Ralph S1c USN California CAMPBELL, Burdette Charles S1c USN California
CAPLINGER, Donald William SC3c USN Ohio CAREY, Francis Lloyd SK3c USN New York CARLISLE, Robert Wayne S1c USNR Texas CARLSON, Harry Ludwig SK3c USN
Connecticut CARMACK, Harold Milton F2c USN Colorado CARPENTER, Robert Nelson MATT1c USN Virginia CARROLL, Robert Lewis S1c USN CARTER, Burton Lowell
S2c USN California CARTER, Paxton Turner WO(PYCLK) USN California CASEY, James Warren S1c USN CASILAN, Epifanio Miranda OS3c USN New York CASKEY,
Clarence Merton S1c USN Washington CASTLEBERRY, Claude W. Jr. S1c USN Texas CATSOS, George F1c USN California CHACE, Raymond Vincent CSKP USN
California CHADWICK, Charles Bruce MM2c USN Mississippi CHADWICK, Harold MATT1c USN California CHANDLER, Donald Ross PVT USMC Alabama CHAPMAN,
Naaman N. S1c USN Nebraska CHARLTON, Charles Nicholas WT1c USNR California CHERNUCHA, Harry Gregory MUS2c USN New York CHESTER, Edward S1c USN
Kansas CHRISTENSEN, Elmer Emil MM2c USN Wyoming CHRISTENSEN, Lloyd Raymond F1c USN Nebraska CHRISTIANSEN, Edward Lee BKR3c USN Wyoming
CIHLAR, Lawrence John PHM3c USN Minnesota CLARK, George Francis GM3c USN Illinois CLARK, John Crawford Todd F3c USN California CLARK, Malcolm BKR3c
USN Louisiana CLARK, Robert William Jr. FC3c USN Pennsylvania CLARKE, Robert Eugene S1c USN Kansas CLASH, Donald F2c USN Michigan CLAYTON, Robert
Roland COX USN Missouri CLEMMENS, Claude Albert S1c USN Oklahoma CLIFT, Ray Emerson COX USN Missouri CLOUES, Edward Blanchard ENS USN New
Hampshire CLOUGH, Edward Hay GM1c USN Nebraska COBB, Ballard Burgher S1c USN Texas COBURN, Walter Overton S1c USN Oklahoma COCKRUM, Kenneth Earl
MM1c USN Indiana COFFIN, Robert SF3c USN Washington COFFMAN, Marshall Herman GMec USN Indiana COLE, Charles Warren SGT USMC Washington COLE,
David Lester ENS USNR California COLEGROVE, Willett S. Jr. S2c USN Washington COLLIER, John F2c USN Oregon COLLIER, Linald Long Jr. BKR3c USN Texas
69. • COLLINS, Austin SF3c USN COLLINS, Billy Murl S1c USN California CONLIN, Bernard Eugene S2c USN Illinois CONLIN, James Leo F2c USN Illinois CONNELLY,
Richard Earl CQMA USN California CONRAD, Homer Milton Jr. S1c USN Ohio CONRAD, Robert Frank S2c USN California CONRAD, Walter Ralph QM2c USN COOPER,
Clarence Eugene F2c USN COOPER, Kenneth Erven F2c USN CORCORAN, Gerard John S1c USN New York COREY, Ernest Eugene PHM3c USN Washington
CORNELIUS, P. W. SC3c USN CORNING, Russell Dale RM3c USN COULTER, Arthur Lee S1c USN Oklahoma COWAN, William COX USN Missouri COWDEN, Joel
Beman S2c USN Oregon COX, Gerald Blinton MUS2c USN Illinois COX, William Milford S1c USN Kentucky CRAFT, Harley Wade CM3c USN Oregon CRAWLEY, Wallace
Dewight COX USN Indiana CREMEENS, Louis Edward S1c USN Arizona CRISCUOLO, Michael Y2c USN California CRISWELL, Wilfred John S1c USN Indiana CROWE,
Cecil Thomas GM2c USN Kentucky CROWLEY, Thomas Ewing LCDR (DC) USN California CURRY, William Joseph WT2c USN Oregon CURTIS, Lloyd B. S1c USN
Missouri CURTIS, Lyle Carl RM2c USN Wisconsin CYBULSKI, Harold Bernard S1c USN CYCHOSZ, Francis Anton S1c USN Michigan CZARNECKI, Stanley F1c USN
Michigan CZEKAJSKI, Theophil SM3c USNR Michigan DAHLHEIMER, Richard Norbert S1c USN Minnesota DANIEL, Lloyd Naxton Y1c USN Montana DANIK, Andrew
Joseph S2c USN Ohio DARCH, Phillip Zane S1c USN Massachusetts DAUGHERTY, Paul Eugene Em3c USN Ohio DAVIS, John Quitman S1c USN Louisiana DAVIS, Milton
Henry S1c USN Kansas DAVIS, Murle Melvin RM2c USN Ohio DAVIS, Myrle Clarence F3c USNR Iowa DAVIS, Thomas Ray SF1c USN California DAVIS, Virgil Denton
PVT USMC Missouri DAVIS, Walter Mindred F2c USN Missouri DAWSON, James Berkley PVT USMC Kentucky DAY, William John S2c USN Washington DE ARMOUN,
Donald Edwin GM3c USN California DE CASTRO, Vicente OS3c USN DEAN, Lyle Bernard COX USN DELONG, Frederick Eugene CPL USMC Ohio DERITIS, Russell
Edwin S1c USN DEWITT, John James COX USN DIAL, John Buchanan S1c USN DICK, Ralph R. GM1c USN California DINE, John George F2c USN California DINEEN,
Robert Joseph S1c USN Pennsylvania DOBEY, Milton Paul Jr. S1c USN Texas DOHERTY, George Walter S2c USN California DOHERTY, John Albert MM2c USN
California DONOHUE, Ned Burton F1c USN DORITY, John Monroe S1c USN California DOUGHERTY, Ralph Mc Clearn FC1c USN Massachusetts DOYLE, Wand B. COX
USN Kentucky DREESBACH, Herbert Allen PFC USMC Illinois DRIVER, Bill Lester RM3c USN California DUCREST, Louis Felix S1c USN Louisiana DUKE, Robert
Edward CCSTDA USN California DULLUM, Jerald Fraser EM3c USN Montana DUNAWAY, Kenneth Leroy EM3c USN Oklahoma DUNHAM, Elmer Marvin S1c USN
DUNNAM, Robert Wesley PVT USMCR Texas DUPREE, Arthur Joseph F2c USN Missouri DURHAM, William Teasdale S1c USN North Carolina DURIO, Russell PFC
USMC Louisiana DUVEENE, John 1SGT USMC California DVORAK, Alvin Albert BM2c USN Minnesota EATON, Emory Lowell F3c USN Oklahoma EBEL, Walter Charles
CTCP USN California EBERHART, Vincent Henry COX USN Minnesota ECHOLS, Charles Louis Jr. EM3c USN Tennessee ECHTERNKAMP, Henry Clarence S1c USN
Michigan EDMUNDS, Bruce Roosevelt Y2c USN New Hampshire EERNISSE, William Frederick PTR1c USN California EGNEW, Robert Ross S1c USN Illinois EHLERT,
Casper SM3c USN Wisconsin EHRMANTRAUT, Frank Jr. S1c USN Indiana ELLIS, Francis Arnold Jr. EM3c USN Canada ELLIS, Richard Everrett S2c USN Nebraska
ELLIS, Wilbur Danner RM2c USN California ELWELL, Royal S1c USN Texas EMBREY, Bill Eugene F3c USN California EMERY, Jack Marvin ENS USN California
EMERY, John Marvin GM3c USN North Dakota EMERY, Wesley Vernon SK2c USN Indiana ENGER, Stanley Gordon GM3c USN Minnesota ERICKSON, Robert S1c USN
ERSKINE, Robert Charles PFC USMC Illinois ERWIN, Stanley Joe MM1c USN Texas ERWIN, Walton Aluard S1c USN Texas ESTEP, Carl James S1c USN Texas ESTES,
Carl Edwen S1c USN Texas ESTES, Forrest Jesse F1c USN California ETCHASON, Leslie Edgar S1c USN Illinois EULBERG, Richard Henry FC2c USN Iowa EVANS, David
Delton PVT USMC Louisiana EVANS, Evan Frederick ENS USNR California EVANS, Mickey Edward S1c USN Missouri EVANS, Paul Anthony S1c USN Illinois EVANS,
William Orville S2c USN Idaho EWELL, Alfred Adam WT1c USN EYED, George SK3c USN Indiana FALLIS, Alvin E. PHM2c USN California FANSLER, Edgar Arthur S1c
USN Oklahoma FARMER, John Wilson COX USN Tennessee FEGURGUR, Nicolas San Nicolas MATT2c USN Guam FESS, John Junior F1c USN California FIELDS,
Bernard RM3c USNR FIELDS, Reliford MATT2c USN Florida FIFE, Ralph Elmer S1c USN California FILKINS, George Arthur COX USN Minnesota FINCHER, Allen
Brady ACK USMC Texas FINCHER, Dexter Wilson SGT USMC Oregon FINLEY, Woodrow Wilson PFC USMC Tennessee FIRTH, Henry Amis F3c USN FISCHER, Leslie
Henry S1c USN Washington FISHER, Delbert Ray S1c USN Wyoming FISHER, James Anderson MATT1c USN Virginia FISHER, Robert Ray S2c USN California FISK,
Charles Porter III Y1c USN California FITCH, Simon MATT1c USN Texas FIRZGERALD, Kent Blake PVT USMC Utah FITZSIMMONS, Eugene James F3c USN Illinois
FLANNERY, James Lowell SK3c USN Ohio FLEETWOOD, Donald Eugene PFC USMC Iowa FLOEGE, Frank Norman MUS2c USN Illinois FLORY, Max Edward S2c USN
Indiana FONES, George Everett FC3c USN Washington FORD, Jack C. S1c USN California FORD, William Walker EM3c USN Kentucky FOREMAN, Elmer Lee F2c USN
Indiana FORTENBERRY, Alvie Charles COX USN Mississippi FOWLER, George Parten S2c USN Texas FOX, Daniel Russell LTCOL USMC California FRANK, Leroy
George S1c USN Arkansas FREDERICK, Charles Donald EM2c USN Louisiana FREE, Thomas Augusta MM1c USN Texas FREE, William Thomas S2c USN Texas FRENCH,
John Edmund LCDR USN Washington, D.C. FRIZZELL, Robert Niven S2c USN Alabama FULTON, Robert Wilson AMSMTH1c USN Missouri FUNK, Frank Francis BM2c
USN Missouri FUNK, Lawrence Henry S1c USN Wisconsin GAGER, Roy Arthur S2c USN Kansas GARGARO, Ernest Russell S2c USN GARLINGTON, Raymond Wesley S1c
USN California GARRETT, Orville Wilmer SF2c USN Missouri GARTIN, Gerald Ernest S1c USN California GAUDETTE, William Frank S1c USN Washington GAULTNEY,
Ralph Martin Em3c USN Illinois GAZECKI, Philip Robert ENS USNR Wisconsin GEBHARDT, Kenneth Edward S1c USN North Dakota GEER, Kenneth Floyd S2c USN
California GEISE, Marvin Frederick S1c USN Wisconsin GEMIENHARDT, Samuel Henry Jr. MM2c USN Ohio GHOLSTON, Roscoe Y2c USN Texas GIBSON, Billy Edwin
S1c USN West Virginia GIESEN, Karl Anthony Y2c USN Iowa GILL, Richard Eugene S1c USN Nevada GIOVENAZZO, Michael James WT2c USN Illinois GIVENS, Harold
Reuben Y3c USN GOBBIN, Angelo SC1c USN California GOFF, Wiley Coy S2c USN Oklahoma GOMEZ, Edward Jr. S1c USN Colorado GOOD, Leland S2c USN Illinois
GOODWIN, William Arthur S2c USN Colorado GORDON, Peter Charles Jr. F1c USN Colorado GOSSELIN, Edward Webb ENS USNR Illinois GOSSELIN, Joseph Adjutor
RM1c USN Massachusetts GOULD, Harry Lee S1c USN Illinois GOVE, Rupert Clair S1c USN California GRANGER, Raymond Edward F3c USN Iowa GRANT, Lawrence
Everett Y3c USN Missouri GRAY, Albert James S1c USN Washington GRAY, Lawrence Moore F1c USN Missouri GRAY, William James Jr. S1c USN California GREEN,
Glen Hubert S1c USN Mississippi GREENFIELD, Carroll Gale S1c USN Oregon GRIFFIN, Lawrence J. PFC USMC Louisiana GRIFFIN, Reese Olin EM3c USN Texas
GRIFFITHS, Robert Alfred EM3c USN California GRISSINGER, Robert Beryle S2c USN Illinois GROSNICKLE, Warren Wilbert EM2c USN Iowa GROSS, Milton Henry
CSKA USN California GRUNDSTROM, Richard Gunner S2c USN Iowa GURLEY, Jesse Herbert SK3c USN Illinois HAAS, Curtis Junior MUS2c USN Missouri HADEN,
Samuel William COX USN Kansas HAFFNER, Floyd Bates F1c USN Illinois HAINES, Robert Wesley S2c USN California HALL, John Rudolph CBMP USN Arkansas
HALLORAN, William Ignatius ENS USNR Ohio HAMEL, Don Edgar FLDMUS USMCR Illinois HAMILTON, Clarence James MM1c USN Washington HAMILTON, Edwin
Carrell S1c USN HAMILTON, William Holman GM3c USN Oklahoma HAMMERUD, George Winston S1c USN North Dakota HAMPTON, "J" "D" F1c USN Kansas
HAMPTON, Ted "W" Jr. S1c USN Oklahoma HAMPTON, Walter Lewis BM2c USN Pennsylvania HANNA, David Darling EM3c USN Texas HANSEN, Carlyle B. MM2c
USN HANSEN, Harvey Ralph S1c USN Wisconsin HANZEL, Edward Joseph WT1c USN Michigan HARDIN, Charles Eugene S1c USN Missouri HARGRAVES, Kenneth
William S2c USN Washington HARMON, William D. PFC USMC Oregon HARRINGTON, Keith Homer S1c USN Missouri HARRIS, George Ellsworth MM1c USN Illinois
HARRIS, Hiram Dennis S1c USN Georgia HARRIS, James William F1c USN Michigan HARRIS, Noble Burnice COX USN Missouri HARRIS, Peter John COX USN
70. • Nebraska HARTLEY, Alvin GM3c USN Oklahoma HARTSOE, Max June GM3c USN Missouri HARTSON, Lonnie Moss SM3c USN Texas HASL, James Thomas F1c USN
Nebraska HAVERFIELD, James Wallace ENS USNR Ohio HAVINS, Harvey Linfille S1c USN HAWKINS, Russell Dean SM3c USN Illinois HAYES, John Doran BM1c USN
California HAYES, Kenneth Merle F1c USN California HAYNES, Curtis James QM2c USN Idaho HAYS, William Henry SK3c USN Kansas HAZDOVAC, Jack Claudius S1c
USN California HEAD, Frank Bernard CYA USN California HEATER, Verrell Roy S1c USN Oregon HEATH, Alfred Grant S1c USN Wisconsin HEBEL, Robert Lee SM3c
USNR Illinois HECKENDORN, Warren Guy S1c USN HEDGER, Jess Laxton S1c USN California HEDRICK, Paul Henry BM1c USN California HEELY, Leo Shinn S2c USN
Colorado HEIDT, Edward Joseph F1c USN California HEIDT, Wesley John MM2c USN California HELM, Merritt Cameron S1c USN Minnesota HENDERSON, William
Walter S2c USN HENDRICKSEN, Frank F2c USN Michigan HERRICK, Paul Edward PVT USMC Wisconsin HERRING, James Jumior SM3c USN Iowa HERRIOTT,
Robert Asher Jr. S1c USN Texas HESS, Darrel Miller FC1c USN Utah HESSDORFER, Anthony Joseph MM2c USN Washington HIBBARD, Robert Arnold BKR2c USN
HICKMAN, Arthur Lee SM3c USN HICKS, Elmer Orville GM3c USN Washington HICKS, Ralph Dueard PTR2c USNR Missouri HILL, Bartley Talor AOM3c USN California
HILTON, Wilson Woodrow GM1c USN HINDMAN, Frank Weaver S1c USN Alabama HODGES, Garris Vada F2c USN Texas HOELSCHER, Lester John HA1c USN
Nebraska HOLLAND, Claude Herbert Jr. S2c USN Alabama HOLLENBACH, Paul Zepp S1c USN New York HOLLIS, Ralph LTJG USNR California HOLLOWELL, George
Sanford COX USN Arizona HOLMES, Lowell D. F3c USN Alabama HOLZWORTH, Walter MGYSGT USMC New Jersey HOMER, Henry Vernon S1c USN Michigan HOPE,
Harold W. PVT USMC Illinois HOPKINS, Homer David S1c USN Michigan HORN, Melvin Freeland F3c USN Ohio HORRELL, Harvey Howard SM1c USN HORROCKS,
James William CGMP USN Arizona HOSLER, John Emmet S1c USN Ohio HOUSE, Clem Raymond CWTP USN California HOUSEL, John James SK1c USN Missouri
HOWARD, Elmo S1c USN Kentucky HOWARD, Rolan George GM3c USN Minnesota HOWE, Darrell Robert S2c USN Oregon HOWELL, Leroy COX USN Indiana
HUBBARD, Haywood Jr. MATT2c USN Virginia HUDNALL, Robert Chilton PFC USMC Texas HUFF, Robert Glenn PVT USMC Texas HUFFMAN, Clyde Franklin F1c USN
Ohio HUGHES, Bernard Thomas MUS2c USN Pennsylvania HUGHES, Lewis Burton Jr. S1c USN Alabama HUGHES, Marvin Austin PVT USMCR Texas HUGHEY, James
Clynton S1c USN HUIE, Doyne Conley HA1c USN Missouri HULTMAN, Donald Standly PFC USMC Minnesota HUNTER, Robert Fredrick S1c USN Ohio HUNTINGTON,
Henry Louis S2c USN California HURD, Willard Hardy MATT2c USN Tennessee HURLEY, Wendell Ray MUS2c USN Indiana HUVAL, Ivan Joseph S1c USN Louisiana
HUX, Leslie Creade PFC USMC Louisiana HUYS, Arthur Albert S1c USN Indiana HYDE, William Hughes COX USN Missouri IAK, Joseph Claude Y3c USN IBBOTSON,
Howard Burt F1c USN California INGALLS, Richard Fitch SC3c USN New York INGALLS, Theodore "A" SC3c USN New York INGRAHAM, David Archie FC3c USN
ISHAM, Orville Adalbert CGMA USN Hawaii ISOM, Luther James S1c USN Alabama IVERSEN, Earl Henry S2c USN California IVERSEN, Norman Kenneth S2c USN
California IVEY, Charles Andrew Jr. S2c USN California JACKSON, David Paul Jr. S1c USN Texas JACKSON, Robert Woods Y3c USN Iowa JAMES, John Burditt S1c USN
Texas JANTE, Edwin Earl Y3c USN JANZ, Clifford Thurston LT USN California JASTRZEMSKI, Edwin Charles S1c USN Michigan JEANS, Victor Lawrence WT2c USN
Oregon JEFFRIES, Keith COX USN Pennsylvania JENKINS, Robert Henry Dawson S2c USN Texas JENSEN, Keith Marlow EM3c USN Utah JERRISON, Donald D. CPL
USMC California JOHANN, Paul Frederick GM3c USN Iowa JOHNSON, David Andrew Jr. OC2c USN Virginia JOHNSON, Edmund Russell MM1c USN California
JOHNSON, John Russell RM3c USN Massachusetts JOHNSON, Samuel Earle CDR(MC) USN Alabama JOHNSON, Sterling Conrad COX USN Washington JOLLEY, Berry
Stanley S2c USNR Idaho JONES, Daniel Pugh S2c USN Alabama JONES, Edmon Ethmer S1c USN Colorado JONES, Floyd Baxter MATT2c USN JONES, Harry Cecil S1c
USN Kansas JONES, Henry Jr. MATT1c USN California JONES, Homer Lloyd S1c USN Colorado JONES, Hugh Junior S2c USN California JONES, Leland S1c USN
Tennessee JONES, Quincy Eugene PFC USMC Texas JONES, Thomas Raymond ENS USNR Louisiana JONES, Warren Allen Y3c USN Nebraska JONES, Willard Worth
S1c USN Tennessee JONES, Woodrow Wilson S2c USN Alabama JOYCE, Calvin Wilbur F2c USN Ohio JUDD, Albert John COX USN Michigan KAGARICE, Harold Lee
CSKA USN California KAISER, Robert Oscar F1c USN Missouri KALINOWSKI, Henry PVT USMCR Texas KATT, Eugene Louis S2c USN California KEEN, Billy Mack PVT
USMC Texas KELLER, Paul Daniel MLDR2c USN Michigan KELLEY, James Dennis SF3c USN Oklahoma KELLOGG, Wilbur Leroy F1c USN Iowa KELLY, Robert Lee
CEMA USN California KENISTON, Donald Lee S2c USN Ohio KENISTON, Kenneth Howard F3c USN Ohio KENNARD, Kenneth Frank GM3c USN Idaho KENNINGTON,
Charles Cecil S1c USN Tennessee KENNINGTON, Milton Homer S1c USN Tennessee KENT, Texas Thomas Jr. S2c USN Arkansas KIDD, Isaac Campbell RADM USN
KIEHN, Ronald William MM2c USN California KIESELBACH, Charles Ermin CM1c USN California KING, Gordon Blane S1c USN Tennessee KING, Leander Cleaveland
S1c USN Texas KING, Lewis Meyer F1c USN KING, Robert Nicholas Jr. ENS USNR New York KINNEY, Frederick William MUS1c USN Washington KINNEY, Gilbert
Livingston QM2c USN California KIRCHHOFF, Wilbur Albert S1c USN Missouri KIRKPATRICK, Thomas Larcy CAPT(CHC) USN Missouri KLANN, Edward SC1c USN
Michigan KLINE, Robert Edwin GM2c USN New York KLOPP, Francis Lawrence GM3c USN Ohio KNIGHT, Robert Wagner EM3c USN Ohio KNUBEL, William Jr. S1c
USN Missouri KOCH, Walter Ernest S1c USN Minnesota KOENEKAMP, Clarence D. F1c USN Washington KOEPPE, Herman Oliver SC3c USN Illinois KOLAJAJCK,
Brosig S1c USN Texas KONNICK, Albert Joseph CM3c USN Pennsylvania KOSEC, John Anthony BM2c USN California KOVAR, Robert S1c USN Illinois KRAHN, James
Albert PFC USMC North Dakota KRAMB, James Henry S1c USN New York KRAMB, John david MSMTH1c USN New York KRAMER, Robert Rudolph GM2c USN Indiana
KRAUSE, Fred Joseph S1c USN Minnesota KRISSMAN, Max Sam S2c USN California KRUGER, Richard Warren QM2c USN California KRUPPA, Adolph Louis S1c USN
Texas KUKUK, Howard Helgi S1c USN New York KULA, Stanley SC3c USN Nebraska KUSIE, Donald Joseph RM3c USN New York LA FRANCEA, William Richard S1c
USN Michigan LA MAR, Ralph "B" FC3c USN California LA SALLE, Willard Dale S1c USN Washington LADERACH, Robert Paul FC2c USN West Virginia LAKE, John
Ervin Jr. WO(PYCLK) USN California LAKIN, Donald Lapier S1c USN California LAKIN, Joseph Jordan S1c USN California LAMB, George Samuel CSFA USN California
LANDMAN, Henry AM2c USN Michigan LANDRY, James Joseph Jr. BKR2c USN Massachusetts LANE, Edward Wallace COX USN LANE, Mancel Curtis S1c USN
Oklahoma LANGE, Richard Charles S1c USN California LANGENWALTER, Orville J. SK2c USN Iowa LANOUETTE, Henry John COX USN Connecticut LARSON,
Leonard Carl F3c USN Washington LATTIN, Bleecker RM3c USN LEE, Carroll Volney Jr. S1c USN Texas LEE, Henry Lloyd S1c USN South Carolina LEEDY, David Alonzo
FC2c USN Iowa LEGGETT, John Goldie BM2c USN Washington LEGROS, Joseph McNeil S1c USN Louisiana LEIGH, Malcolm Hedrick GM3c USN North Carolina
LEIGHT, James Webster S2c USN California LEOPOLD, Robert Lawrence ENS USNR Kentucky LESMEISTER, Steve Louie EM3c USN North Dakota LEVAR, Frank
CWTP USNR Washington LEWIS, Wayne Alman CM3c USN South Carolina LEWISON, Neil Stanley FC3c USN Wisconsin LIGHTFOOT, Worth Ross GM3c USN LINBO,
Gordon Ellsworth GM1c USN Washington LINCOLN, John William F1c USN Iowa LINDSAY, James E. PFC USMC California LINDSAY, James Mitchell SF2c USN
Colorado LINTON, George Edward F2c USN LIPKE, Clarence William F2c USN Michigan LIPPLE, John Anthony SF1c USN Iowa LISENBY, Daniel Edward S1c USN
LIVERS, Raymond Edward S1c USN New Mexico LIVERS, Wayne Nicholas F1c USN New Mexico LOCK, Douglas A. S1c USN New York LOHMAN, Earl Wynne S1c USN
LOMAX, Frank Stuart ENS USN Nebraska LOMIBAO, Marciano OS1c USN Philippines LONG, Benjamin Franklin CYP USN California LOUNSBURY, Thomas William S2c
USN Illinois LOUSTANAU, Charles Bernard S1c USN Iowa LOVELAND, Frank Crook S2c USN Idaho LOVSHIN, William Joseph PFC USMC Minnesota LUCEY, Neil
Jermiah S1c USN New Jersey LUNA, James Edward S2c USN Oklahoma LUZIER, Ernest Burton MM2c USN LYNCH, Emmett Isaac MUS2c USN Washington LYNCH,
James Robert Jr. GM3c USN Texas LYNCH, William Joseph Jr. S1c USN Texas MADDOX, Raymond Dudley CEMP USN California MADRID, Arthur John S2c USN
California MAFNAS, Francisco Reyes MATT2c USN Guam MAGEE, Gerald James SK3c USN New York MALECKI, Frank Edward CYP USN California MALINOWSKI,
John Stanley SM3c USNR Michigan MALSON, Harry Lynn SK3c USN Indiana MANION, Edward Paul S2c USN Illinois MANLOVE, Arthur Cleon WO(ELEC) USN
71. • Clynton S1c USN HUIE, Doyne Conley HA1c USN Missouri HULTMAN, Donald Standly PFC USMC Minnesota HUNTER, Robert Fredrick S1c USN Ohio HUNTINGTON,
Henry Louis S2c USN California HURD, Willard Hardy MATT2c USN Tennessee HURLEY, Wendell Ray MUS2c USN Indiana HUVAL, Ivan Joseph S1c USN Louisiana
HUX, Leslie Creade PFC USMC Louisiana HUYS, Arthur Albert S1c USN Indiana HYDE, William Hughes COX USN Missouri IAK, Joseph Claude Y3c USN IBBOTSON,
Howard Burt F1c USN California INGALLS, Richard Fitch SC3c USN New York INGALLS, Theodore "A" SC3c USN New York INGRAHAM, David Archie FC3c USN
ISHAM, Orville Adalbert CGMA USN Hawaii ISOM, Luther James S1c USN Alabama IVERSEN, Earl Henry S2c USN California IVERSEN, Norman Kenneth S2c USN
California IVEY, Charles Andrew Jr. S2c USN California JACKSON, David Paul Jr. S1c USN Texas JACKSON, Robert Woods Y3c USN Iowa JAMES, John Burditt S1c USN
Texas JANTE, Edwin Earl Y3c USN JANZ, Clifford Thurston LT USN California JASTRZEMSKI, Edwin Charles S1c USN Michigan JEANS, Victor Lawrence WT2c USN
Oregon JEFFRIES, Keith COX USN Pennsylvania JENKINS, Robert Henry Dawson S2c USN Texas JENSEN, Keith Marlow EM3c USN Utah JERRISON, Donald D. CPL
USMC California JOHANN, Paul Frederick GM3c USN Iowa JOHNSON, David Andrew Jr. OC2c USN Virginia JOHNSON, Edmund Russell MM1c USN California
JOHNSON, John Russell RM3c USN Massachusetts JOHNSON, Samuel Earle CDR(MC) USN Alabama JOHNSON, Sterling Conrad COX USN Washington JOLLEY, Berry
Stanley S2c USNR Idaho JONES, Daniel Pugh S2c USN Alabama JONES, Edmon Ethmer S1c USN Colorado JONES, Floyd Baxter MATT2c USN JONES, Harry Cecil S1c
USN Kansas JONES, Henry Jr. MATT1c USN California JONES, Homer Lloyd S1c USN Colorado JONES, Hugh Junior S2c USN California JONES, Leland S1c USN
Tennessee JONES, Quincy Eugene PFC USMC Texas JONES, Thomas Raymond ENS USNR Louisiana JONES, Warren Allen Y3c USN Nebraska JONES, Willard Worth
S1c USN Tennessee JONES, Woodrow Wilson S2c USN Alabama JOYCE, Calvin Wilbur F2c USN Ohio JUDD, Albert John COX USN Michigan KAGARICE, Harold Lee
CSKA USN California KAISER, Robert Oscar F1c USN Missouri KALINOWSKI, Henry PVT USMCR Texas KATT, Eugene Louis S2c USN California KEEN, Billy Mack PVT
USMC Texas KELLER, Paul Daniel MLDR2c USN Michigan KELLEY, James Dennis SF3c USN Oklahoma KELLOGG, Wilbur Leroy F1c USN Iowa KELLY, Robert Lee
CEMA USN California KENISTON, Donald Lee S2c USN Ohio KENISTON, Kenneth Howard F3c USN Ohio KENNARD, Kenneth Frank GM3c USN Idaho KENNINGTON,
Charles Cecil S1c USN Tennessee KENNINGTON, Milton Homer S1c USN Tennessee KENT, Texas Thomas Jr. S2c USN Arkansas KIDD, Isaac Campbell RADM USN
KIEHN, Ronald William MM2c USN California KIESELBACH, Charles Ermin CM1c USN California KING, Gordon Blane S1c USN Tennessee KING, Leander Cleaveland
S1c USN Texas KING, Lewis Meyer F1c USN KING, Robert Nicholas Jr. ENS USNR New York KINNEY, Frederick William MUS1c USN Washington KINNEY, Gilbert
Livingston QM2c USN California KIRCHHOFF, Wilbur Albert S1c USN Missouri KIRKPATRICK, Thomas Larcy CAPT(CHC) USN Missouri KLANN, Edward SC1c USN
Michigan KLINE, Robert Edwin GM2c USN New York KLOPP, Francis Lawrence GM3c USN Ohio KNIGHT, Robert Wagner EM3c USN Ohio KNUBEL, William Jr. S1c
USN Missouri KOCH, Walter Ernest S1c USN Minnesota KOENEKAMP, Clarence D. F1c USN Washington KOEPPE, Herman Oliver SC3c USN Illinois KOLAJAJCK,
Brosig S1c USN Texas KONNICK, Albert Joseph CM3c USN Pennsylvania KOSEC, John Anthony BM2c USN California KOVAR, Robert S1c USN Illinois KRAHN, James
Albert PFC USMC North Dakota KRAMB, James Henry S1c USN New York KRAMB, John david MSMTH1c USN New York KRAMER, Robert Rudolph GM2c USN Indiana
KRAUSE, Fred Joseph S1c USN Minnesota KRISSMAN, Max Sam S2c USN California KRUGER, Richard Warren QM2c USN California KRUPPA, Adolph Louis S1c USN
Texas KUKUK, Howard Helgi S1c USN New York KULA, Stanley SC3c USN Nebraska KUSIE, Donald Joseph RM3c USN New York LA FRANCEA, William Richard S1c
USN Michigan LA MAR, Ralph "B" FC3c USN California LA SALLE, Willard Dale S1c USN Washington LADERACH, Robert Paul FC2c USN West Virginia LAKE, John
Ervin Jr. WO(PYCLK) USN California LAKIN, Donald Lapier S1c USN California LAKIN, Joseph Jordan S1c USN California LAMB, George Samuel CSFA USN California
LANDMAN, Henry AM2c USN Michigan LANDRY, James Joseph Jr. BKR2c USN Massachusetts LANE, Edward Wallace COX USN LANE, Mancel Curtis S1c USN
Oklahoma LANGE, Richard Charles S1c USN California LANGENWALTER, Orville J. SK2c USN Iowa LANOUETTE, Henry John COX USN Connecticut LARSON,
Leonard Carl F3c USN Washington LATTIN, Bleecker RM3c USN LEE, Carroll Volney Jr. S1c USN Texas LEE, Henry Lloyd S1c USN South Carolina LEEDY, David Alonzo
FC2c USN Iowa LEGGETT, John Goldie BM2c USN Washington LEGROS, Joseph McNeil S1c USN Louisiana LEIGH, Malcolm Hedrick GM3c USN North Carolina
LEIGHT, James Webster S2c USN California LEOPOLD, Robert Lawrence ENS USNR Kentucky LESMEISTER, Steve Louie EM3c USN North Dakota LEVAR, Frank
CWTP USNR Washington LEWIS, Wayne Alman CM3c USN South Carolina LEWISON, Neil Stanley FC3c USN Wisconsin LIGHTFOOT, Worth Ross GM3c USN LINBO,
Gordon Ellsworth GM1c USN Washington LINCOLN, John William F1c USN Iowa LINDSAY, James E. PFC USMC California LINDSAY, James Mitchell SF2c USN
Colorado LINTON, George Edward F2c USN LIPKE, Clarence William F2c USN Michigan LIPPLE, John Anthony SF1c USN Iowa LISENBY, Daniel Edward S1c USN
LIVERS, Raymond Edward S1c USN New Mexico LIVERS, Wayne Nicholas F1c USN New Mexico LOCK, Douglas A. S1c USN New York LOHMAN, Earl Wynne S1c USN
LOMAX, Frank Stuart ENS USN Nebraska LOMIBAO, Marciano OS1c USN Philippines LONG, Benjamin Franklin CYP USN California LOUNSBURY, Thomas William S2c
USN Illinois LOUSTANAU, Charles Bernard S1c USN Iowa LOVELAND, Frank Crook S2c USN Idaho LOVSHIN, William Joseph PFC USMC Minnesota LUCEY, Neil
Jermiah S1c USN New Jersey LUNA, James Edward S2c USN Oklahoma LUZIER, Ernest Burton MM2c USN LYNCH, Emmett Isaac MUS2c USN Washington LYNCH,
James Robert Jr. GM3c USN Texas LYNCH, William Joseph Jr. S1c USN Texas MADDOX, Raymond Dudley CEMP USN California MADRID, Arthur John S2c USN
California MAFNAS, Francisco Reyes MATT2c USN Guam MAGEE, Gerald James SK3c USN New York MALECKI, Frank Edward CYP USN California MALINOWSKI,
John Stanley SM3c USNR Michigan MALSON, Harry Lynn SK3c USN Indiana MANION, Edward Paul S2c USN Illinois MANLOVE, Arthur Cleon WO(ELEC) USN
California MANN, William Edward GM3c USN Washington MANNING, Leroy S2c USN Kentucky MANSKE, Robert Francis Y2c USN Iowa MARINICH, Steve Matt COX
USN Utah MARIS, Elwood Henry S1c USN MARLING, Joseph Henry S2c USN Montana MARLOW, Urban Herschel COX USN Missouri MARSH, Benjamin Raymond Jr.
ENS USNR Michigan MARSH, William Arthur S1c USN MARSHALL, Thomas Donald S2c USN California MARTIN, Hugh Lee Y3c USN Utah MARTIN, James Albert BM1c
USN Texas MARTIN, James Orrwell S2c USN California MARTIN, Luster Lee F3c USN Arkansas MASON, Byron Dalley S2c USN Idaho MASTEL, Clyde Harold S2c USN
California MASTERS, Dayton Monroe GM3c USN Texas MASTERSON, Cleburne E. Carl PHM1c USN California MATHEIN, Harold Richard BMKR2c USN Illinois
MATHISON, Charles Harris S1c USN Wisconsin MATNEY, Vernon Merferd F1c USN Wisconsin MATTOX, James Durant AM3c USN Florida MAY, Louis Eugene SC2c
USN Kansas MAYBEE, George Frederick RM2c USNR California MAYFIELD, Lester Ellsworth F1c USN Colorado MAYO, Rex Haywood EM2c USN Florida MEANS, Louis
MATT1c USN Texas MEARES, John Morgan S2c USN South Carolina MENEFEE, James Austin S1c USN Mississippi MENO, Vicente Gogue MATT2c USN MENZENSKI,
72. • Stanley Paul COX USN MERRILL, Howard Deal ENS USN Utah MILES, Oscar Wright S1c USN Arkansas MILLER, Chester John F2c USN Michigan MILLER, Doyle Allen
COX USN Arkansas MILLER, Forrest Newton CEMP USN California MILLER, George Stanley S1c USN Ohio MILLER, Jessie Zimmer S1c USN Ohio MILLER, John David
S1c USN MILLER, William Oscar SM3c USN Illinois MILLIGAN, Weldon Hawvey S1c USN Texas MIMS, Robert Lang S1c USN Georgia MINEAR, Richard J. Jr. PFC USMC
MLINAR, Joseph COX USN Pennsylvania MOLPUS, Richard Preston CMSMTHP USN California MONROE, Donald MATT2c USN Missouri MONTGOMERY, Robert E.
S2c USN California MOODY, Robert Edward S1c USN Mississippi MOORE, Douglas Carlton S1c USN South Carolina MOORE, Fred Kenneth S1c USN Texas MOORE,
James Carlton SF3c USN South Carolina MOORHOUSE, William Starks MUS2c USN Kansas MOORMAN, Russell Lee S2c USN California MORGAN, Wayne S1c USN
California MORGAREIDGE, James Orries F2c USN Wyoming MORLEY, Eugene Elvis F2c USN Illinois MORRIS, Owen Newton S1c USN Alabama MORRISON, Earl Leroy
S1c USN Montana MORSE, Edward Charles S2c USN Michigan MORSE, Francis Jerome BM1c USN California MORSE, George Robert S2c USN Montana MORSE,
Norman Roi WT2c USN Virginia MOSS, Tommy Lee MATT2c USN Kentucky MOSTEK, Francis Clayton PFC USMC Idaho MOULTON, Gordon Eddy F1c USN California
MUNCY, Claude MM2c USN California MURDOCK, Charles Luther WT1c USN Alabama MURDOCK, Melvin Elijah WT2c USN Alabama MURPHY, James Joseph S1c USN
Arizona MURPHY, James Palmer F3c USN Ohio MURPHY, Jessie Huell S1c USN Louisiana MURPHY, Thomas J. Jr. SK1c USN Virginia MYERS, James Gernie SK1c USN
Missouri McCARRENS, James Francis CPL USMC Illinois McCARY, William Moore S2c USN Alabama McCLAFFERTY, John Charles BM2c USN Ohio McCLUNG, Harvey
Manford ENS USNR Pennsylvania McFADDIN, Lawrence James Y2c USN California McGLASSON, Joe Otis GM3c USN Illinois McGRADY, Samme Willie Genes MATT1c
USN Alabama McGUIRE, Francis Raymond SK2c USN Michigan McHUGHES, John Breckenridge CWTA USN Washington McINTOSH, Harry George S1c USN Virginia
McKINNIE, Russell MATT2c USN McKOSKY, Michael Martin S1c USN Oklahoma McPHERSON, John Blair S1c USN Tennessee NAASZ, Erwin H. SF2c USN Kansas
NADEL, Alexander Joseph MUS2c USN New York NATIONS, James Garland FC2c USN South Carolina NAYLOR, "J" "D" SM2c USN Louisiana NEAL, Tom Dick S1c USN
Texas NECESSARY, Charles Raymond S1c USN Missouri NEIPP, Paul S2c USN California MELSEN, George SC2c USN Washington NELSON, Harl Coplin S1c USN
Arkansas NELSON, Henry Clarence BM1c USN Minnesota NELSON, Lawrence Adolphus CTCP USN California NELSON, Richard Eugene F3c USN North Dakota
NICHOLS, Alfred Rose S1c USN Alabama NICHOLS, Bethel Allan S1c USN Washington NICHOLS, Clifford Leroy TC1c USN NICHOLS, Louis Duffie S2c USN Alabama
NICHOLSON, Glen Eldon EM3c USN North Dakota NICHOLSON, hancel Grant S1c USN NIDES, Thomas James EM1c USN California NIELSEN, Floyd Theadore CM3c
USN Utah NOLATUBBY, Henry Ellis PFC USMC California NOONAN, Robert Harold S1c USN Michigan NOWOSACKI, Theodore Lucian ENS USNR New York NUSSER,
Raymond Alfred GM3c USN NYE, Frank Erskine S1c USN California O'BRIEN, Joseph Bernard PFC USMC Illinois O'BRYAN, George David FC3c USN Massachusetts
O'BRYAN, Joseph Benjamin FC3c USN Massachusetts O'NEALL, Rex Eugene S1c USN Colorado O'NEILL, William Thomas Jr. ENS USNR Connecticut OCHOSKI, Henry
Francis GM2c USN Washington OFF, Virgil Simon S1c USN Colorado OGLE, Victor Willard S2c USN Oklahoma OGLESBY, Lonnie Harris S2c USN Mississippi OLIVER,
Raymond Brown S1c USN California OLSEN, Edward Kern ENS USNR Kansas OLSON, Glen Martin S2c USN Washington ORR, Dwight Jerome S1c USN California
ORZECH, Stanislaus Joseph S2c USN Connecticut OSBORNE, Mervin Eugene F1c USN Kentucky OSTRANDER, Leland Grimstead PHM3c USN Minnesota OTT, Peter
Dean S1c USN Ohio OWEN, Fredrick Halden S2c USN Texas OWENS, Richard Allen SK2c USN Colorado OWSLEY, Thomas Lea SC2c USN Idaho PACE, Amos Paul BM1c
USN California PARKES, Harry Edward BM1c USN California PAROLI, Peter John BKR3c USN California PATTERSON, Clarence Rankin PFC USMC PATTERSON,
Harold Lemuel S1c USN Texas PATTERSON, Richard Jr. SF3c USN Connecticut PAULMAND, Hilery OS2c USN Philippines PAVINI, Bruno S1c USN California
PAWLOWSKI, Raymond Paul S1c USN New York PEARCE, Alonzo Jr. S1c USN PEARSON, Norman Cecil S2c USN California PEARSON, Robert Stanley F3c USN Montana
PEAVEY, William Howard QM2c USN Iowa PECKHAM, Howard William F2c USN Missouri PEDROTTI, Francis James PVT USMC Missouri PEERY, Max Valdyne S2c
USN California PELESCHAK, Michael S1c USN Alabama PELTIER, John Arthur EM3c USN Ohio PENTON, Howard Lee S1c USN Alabama PERKINS, George Ernest F1c
USN Rhode Island PETERSON, Albert H. Jr. FC3c USN New Jersey PETERSON, Elroy Vernon FC2c USN California PETERSON, Hardy Wilbur FC3c USN Washington
PETERSON, Roscoe Earl S2c USN California PETTIT, Charles Ross CRMP USN California PETYAK, John Joseph S1c USN Tennessee PHELPS, George Edward S1c USN
New York PHILBIN, James Richard S1c USN Colorado PIASECKI, Alexander Louis CPL USMC PIKE, Harvey Lee EM3c USN Georgia PIKE, Lewis Jackson S1c USN
Georgia PINKHAM, Albert Wesley S2c USN North Carolina PITCHER, Walter Giles GM1c USN California POOL, Elmer Leo S1c USN Indiana POOLE, Ralph Ernest S1c
USN Ohio POST, Darrell Albert CMMA USN California POVESKO, George S1c USN Connecticut POWELL, Jack Speed PFC USMC California POWELL, Thomas George S1c
USN Illinois POWER, Abner Franklin PVT USMC PRESSON, Wayne Harold S1c USN Ohio PRICE, Arland Earl RM2c USN Oregon PRITCHETT, Robert Leo Jr. S1c USN
Louisiana PUCKETT, Edwin Lester SK3c USN Kentucky PUGH, John Jr. SF3c USN California PUTNAM, Avis Boyd SC3c USN Alabama PUZIO, Edward S1c USN
Pennsylvania QUARTO, Mike Joseph S1c USN Connecticut QUINATA, Jose Sanchez MATT2c USN Guam RADFORD, Neal Jason MUS2c USN Nebraska RASMUSSEN,
Arthur Severin CM1c USN California RASMUSSON, George Vernon F3c USN Minnesota RATKOVICH, William WT1c USN California RAWHOUSER, Glen Donald F3c
USN Oregon RAWSON, Clyde Jackson BM1c USN Maryland RAY, Harry Joseph BM2c USN California REAVES, Casbie S1c USN Arkansas RECTOR, Clay Cooper SK3c
USN Kentucky REECE, John Jeffris S2c USN Oklahoma REED, James Buchanan Jr. SK1c USN California REED, Ray Ellison S2c USN Oklahoma REGISTER, Paul James
LCDR USN North Dakota REINHOLD, Rudolph Herbert PVT USMC Utah RESTIVO, Jack Martin Y2c USN Maryland REYNOLDS, Earl Arthur S2c USN Colorado
REYNOLDS, Jack Franklyn S1c USN RHODES, Birb Richard F2c USN Tennessee RHODES, Mark Alexander S1c USN North Carolina RICE, William Albert S2c USN
Washington RICH, Claude Edward S1c USN Florida RICHAR, Raymond Lyle S1c USN RICHARDSON, Warren John COX USN Pennsylvania RICHISON, Fred Louis GM3c
USN California RICHTER, Albert Wallace COX USN RICO, Guadalupe Augustine S1c USN California RIDDEL, Eugene Edward S1c USN Michigan RIGANTI, Fred SF3c
USN California RIGGINS, Gerald Herald S1c USN California RIVERA, Francisco Unpingoo MATT2c USN Guam ROBERTS, Dwight Fisk F1c USN Kansas ROBERTS,
Kenneth Franklin BM2c USN ROBERTS, McClellan Taylor CPHMP USN California ROBERTS, Walter Scott Jr. RM1c USN Missouri ROBERTS, Wilburn Carle BKR3c USN
Louisiana ROBERTS, William Francis S2c USN ROBERTSON, Edgar Jr. MATT3c USN Virginia ROBERTSON, James Milton MM1c USN Tennessee ROBINSON, Harold
Thomas S2c USN California ROBINSON, James William S2c USN California ROBINSON, John James EM1c USN Oregon ROBINSON, Robert Warren PHM3c USN West
Virginia ROBY, Raymond Arthur S1c USN California RODGERS, John Dayton S1c USN Pennsylvania ROEHM, Harry Turner MM2c USN Illinois ROGERS, Thomas
Sprugeon CWTP USN Alabama ROMANO, Simon OC1c USN Virginia ROMBALSKI, Donald Roger S2c USN Washington ROMERO, Vladimir M. S1c USN Virginia ROOT,
Melvin Lenord S1c USN Ohio ROSE, Chester Clay BM1c USN Kentucky ROSENBERY, Orval Robert SF2c USN Illinois ROSS, Deane Lundy S2c USN New York ROSS,
William Fraser GM3c USN New York ROWE, Eugene Joseph S1c USN New Jersey ROWELL, Frank Malcom S2c USN Texas ROYALS, William Nicholas F1c USN Virginia
ROYER, Howard Dale GM3c USN Ohio ROZAR, John Frank WT2c USN California ROZMUS, Joseph Stanley S1c USN New Hampshire RUDDOCK, Cecil Roy S1c USN
RUGGERIO, William FC3c USN RUNCKEL, Robert Gleason BUG1c USN RUNIAK, Nicholas S1c USN New Jersey RUSH, Richard Perry S1c USN Texas RUSHER, Orville
Lester MM1c USN Missouri RUSKEY, Joseph John CBMP USN California RUTKOWSKI, John Peter S1c USN New York RUTTAN, Dale Andrew EM3c USN Florida
73. • SAMPSON, Sherley Rolland RM3c USN Minnesota SANDALL, Merrill Deith SF3c USN Illinois SANDERS, Eugene Thomas ENS USN New York SANDERSON, James
Harvey MUS2c USN California SANFORD, Thomas Steger F3c USN SANTOS, Filomeno OC2c USN California SATHER, William Ford PMKR1c USN California SAVAGE,
Walter Samuel Jr. ENS USNR Louisiana SAVIN, Tom RM2c USN Nebraska SAVINSKI, Michael S1c USN Pennsylvania SCHDOWSKI, Joseph S1c USN SCHEUERLEIN,
George Albert GM3c USN Pennsylvania SCHILLER, Ernest S2c USN Texas SCHLUND, Elmer Pershing MM1c USN Nebraska SCHMIDT Vernon Joseph S1c USN
Minnesota SCHNEIDER, William Jacob PFC USMC SCHRANK, Harold Arthur BKR1c USN Texas SCHROEDER, Henry BM1c USN New Jersey SCHUMAN, Herman
Lincoln SK1c USN California SCHURR, John EM2c USN Kansas SCILLEY, Harold Hugh SF2c USN Montana SCOTT, A. J. S2c USN SCOTT, Crawford Edward PFC USMC
SCOTT, George Harrison PFC USMC SCRUGGS, Jack Leo MUS2c USN California SEAMAN, Russell Otto F1c USN Iowa SEELEY, William Eugene S1c USN Connecticut
SEVIER, Charles Clifton S1c USN California SHANNON, William Alfred S1c USN Idaho SHARBAUGH, Harry Robert GM3c USN Pennsylvania SHARON, Lewis Purdie
MM2c USN California SHAW, Clyde Donald S1c USN Ohio SHAW, Robert K. MUS2c USN Texas SHEFFER, George Robert S1c USN Indiana SHERRILL, Warren Joseph
Y2c USN Texas SHERVEN, Richard Stanton EM3c USN North Dakota SHIFFMAN, Harold Ely RM3c USN Michigan SHILEY, Paul Eugene S1c USN Pennsylvania
SHIMER, Melvin Irvin S1c USN SHIVE, Gordon Eshom PFC USMC California SHIVE, Malcolm Holman RM3c USNR California SHIVELY, Benjamin Franklin F1c USN
Michigan SHORES, Irland Jr. S1c USN Alabama SHUGART, Marvin John S1c USN Colorado SIBLEY, Delmar Dale S1c USN New York SIDDERS, Russell Lewis S1c USN
Ohio SIDELL, John Henry GM2c USN Illinois SILVEY, Jesse MM2c USN Texas SIMENSEN, Carleton Elliott 2LT USMC SIMON, Walter Hamilton S1c USN New Jersey
SIMPSON, Albert Eugene S1c USN SKEEN, Harvey Leroy S2c USN Arizona SKILES, Charley Jackson Jr. S2c USN Virginia SKILES, Eugene S2c USN SLETTO, Earl Clifton
MM1c USN Minnesota SMALLEY, Jack G. S1c USN Ohio SMART, George David COX USN Montana SMESTAD, Halge Hojem RM2c USN Minnesota SMITH, Albert
Joseph LTJG USN Virginia SMITH, Earl Jr. S1c USN Missouri SMITH, Earl Walter FC3c USN Florida SMITH, Edward GM3c USN Illinois SMITH, Harry S2c USNR
California SMITH, John A. SF3c USN Ohio SMITH, John Edward S1c USN California SMITH, Luther Kent S1c USN Tennessee SMITH, Mack Lawrence S1c USN Arkansas
SMITH, Marvin Ray S1c USN Texas SMITH, Orville Stanley ENS USN Oklahoma SMITH, Walter Tharnel MATT2c USN Mississippi SNIFF, Jack Bertrand CPL USMC
SOENS, Harold Mathias SC1c USN California SOOTER, James Fredrick RM3c USN SORENSEN, Holger Earl S1c USN New Mexico SOUTH, Charles Braxton S1c USN
Alabama SPENCE, Merle Joe S1c USN Tennessee SPOTZ, Maurice Edwin F1c USN Illinois SPREEMAN, Robert Lawrence GM3c USN Michigan SPRINGER, Charles
Harold S2c USN California STALLINGS, Kermit Braxton F1c USN North Carolina STARKOVICH, Charles EM3c USN Washington STARKOVICH, Joseph Jr. F2c USN
Washington STAUDT, Alfred Parker F3c USN Washington STEFFAN, Joseph Philip BM2c USN Illinois STEIGLEDER, Lester Leroy COX USN Ohio STEINHOFF, Lloyd
Delroy S1c USN California STEPHENS, Woodrow Wilson EM1c USN Washington STEPHENSON, Hugh Donald S1c USN New York STEVENS, Jack Hazelip S1c USN Texas
STEVENS, Theodore R. AMM2c USN California STEVENSON, Frank Jake PFC USMC New York STEWART, Thomas Lester SC3c USN Arkansas STILLINGS, Gerald Fay
F2c USN STOCKMAN, Harold William FC3c USN Idaho STOCKTON, Louis Alton S2c USN California STODDARD, William Edison S1c USN Louisiana STOPYRA, Julian
John RM3c USN Massachusetts STORM, Laun Lee Y1c USN California STOVALL, Richard Patt PFC USMC STRANGE, Charles Orval F2c USN STRATTON, John Raymond
S1c USN Indiana SUGGS, William Alfred S1c USN Florida SULSER, Frederick Franklin GM3c USN Ohio SUMMERS, Glen Allen Y1c USN Washington SUMMERS, Harold
Edgar SM2c USN Ohio SUMNER, Oren S2c USN New Mexico SUTTON, Clyde Westly CCSTDP USN California SUTTON, George Woodrow SK1c USN Kentucky
SWIONTEK, Stanley Stephen FLDCK USN Illinois SWISHER, Charles Elijah S1c USN California SYMONETTE, Henry OC1c USN California SZABO, Theodore Stephen
PVT USMCR TAMBOLLEO, Victor Charles SF3c USN Maryland TANNER, Russell Allen GM3c USN Washington TAPIE, EDward Casamiro MM2c USN California TAPP,
Lambert Ray GM3c USN Kentucky TARG, John CWTP USN California TAYLOR, Aaron Gust MATT1c USN California TAYLOR, Charles Benton EM3c USN Illinois
TAYLOR, Harry Theodore GM2c USN Indiana TAYLOR, Robert Denzil COX USN Iowa TEELING, Charles Madison CPRTP USNR California TEER, Allen Ray EM1c USN
California TENNELL, Raymond Clifford S1c USN Texas TERRELL, John Raymond F2c USN Arkansas THEILLER, Rudolph S1c USN California THOMAS, Houston O'Neal
COX USN Texas THOMAS, Randall James S1c USN West Virginia THOMAS, Stanley Horace F3c USN THOMAS, Vincent Duron COX USN California THOMPSON,
Charles Leroy S1c USN Illinois THOMPSON, Irven Edgar S1c USN Ohio THOMPSON, Robert Gary SC1c USN California THORMAN, John Christopher EM2c USN Iowa
THORNTON, George Hayward GM3c USN Mississippi TINER, Robert Reaves F2c USN Texas TISDALE, William Esley CWTP USN California TRIPLETT, Thomas Edgar
S1c USN California TROVATO, Tom S1c USN California TUCKER, Raymond Edward COX USN Indiana TUNTLAND, Earl Eugene S1c USN North Dakota TURNIPSEED,
John Morgan F3c USN Arkansas TUSSEY, Lloyd Harold EM3c USN North Carolina TYSON, Robert FC3c USN Louisiana UHRENHOLDT, Andrew Curtis ENS USNR
Wisconsin VALENTE, Richard Dominic GM3c USN California VAN ATTA, Garland Wade MM1c USN California VAN HORN, James Randolf S2c USN Arizona VAN
VALKENBURGH, Franklin CAPT(CO) USN Minnesota VARCHOL, Brinley GM2c USN Pennsylvania VAUGHAN, William Frank PHM2c USN VEEDER, Gordon Elliott S2c
USN Idaho VELIA, Galen Steve SM3c USN Kansas VIEIRA, Alvaro Everett S2c USN Rhode Island VOJTA, Walter Arnold S1c USN Minnesota VOSTI, Anthony August
GM3c USN California WAGNER, Mearl James SC2c USN California WAINWRIGHT, Silas Alonzo PHM1c USN New York WAIT, Wayland Lemoyne S1c USN WALKER, Bill
S1c USN Texas WALLACE, Houston Oliver WT1c USN Arkansas WALLACE, James Frank S1c USN Wisconsin WALLACE, Ralph Leroy F3c USN Oregon WALLENSTIEN,
Richard Henry S1c USN WALTERS, Clarence Arthur S2c USN California WALTERS, William Spurgeon Jr. FC3c USN New Mexico WALTHER, Edward Alfred FC3c USN
WALTON, Alva Dowding Y3c USN Utah WARD, Albert Lewis S1c USN Oklahoma WARD, William E. COX USN Illinois WATKINS, Lenvil Leo F2c USN Kentucky
WATSON, William Lafayette F3c USN Florida WATTS, Sherman Maurice HA1c USN Arkansas WATTS, Victor Ed GM3c USN Texas WEAVER, Richard Walter S1c USN
Nevada WEBB, Carl Edward PFC USMC WEBSTER, Harold Dwayne S2c USN Colorado WEEDEN, Carl Alfred ENS USN California WEIDELL, William Peter S2c USN
Minnesota WEIER, Bernard Arthur PVT USMC Illinois WELLER, Ludwig Fredrick CSKP USN California WELLS, Floyd Arthur RM2c USN WELLS, Harvey Anthony SF2c
USN California WELLS, Raymond Virgil Jr. S1c USN Missouri WELLS, William Bennett S1c USN Missouri WEST, Broadus Franklin S1c USN South Carolina WEST,
Webster Paul S1c USN Arkansas WESTCOTT, William Percy Jr. S1c USN Indiana WESTERFIELD, Ivan Ayers S1c USN California WESTIN, Donald Vern F3c USN Oregon
WESTLUND, Fred Edwin BM2c USN California WHISLER, Gilbert Henry PFC USMC WHITAKER, John William Jr. S1c USN Louisiana WHITCOMB, Cecil Eugene EM3c
USN Michigan WHITE, Charles William MUS2c USN WHITE, James Clifton F1c USN Texas WHITE, Vernon Russell S1c USN South Carolina WHITE, Volmer Dowin S1c
USN Mississippi WHITEHEAD, Ulmont Irving Jr. ENS USN Connecticut WHITLOCK, Paul Morgan S2c USN Texas WHITSON, Ernest Hubert Jr. MUS2c USN California
74. • WHITT, William Byron GM3c USN Kentucky WHITTEMORE, Andrew Tiny MATT2c USN Tennessee WICK, Everett Morris FC3c USN Oregon WICKLUND, John Joseph
S1c USN Minnesota WILCOX, Arnold Alfred QM2c USN Iowa WILL, Joseph William S2c USN Colorado WILLETTE, Laddie James S2c USN Michigan WILLIAMS, Adrian
Delton S1c USN Louisiana WILLIAMS, Clyde Richard MUS2c USN Oklahoma WILLIAMS, George Washington S1c USN Virginia WILLIAMS, Jack Herman RM3c USNR
South Carolina WILLIAMS, Laurence "A" ENS(AV) USNR Ohio WILLIAMSON, Randolph Jr. MATT2c USN WILLIAMSON, William Dean RM2c USNR California WILLIS,
Robert Kenneth Jr. S1c USN Louisiana WILSON, Bernard Martin RM3c USNR New York WILSON, Comer A. CBMP USN Alabama WILSON, Hurschel Woodrow F2c USN
Ohio WILSON, John James S1c USN California WILSON, Neil Mataweny CWO(MACH) USN California WILSON, Ray Milo RM3c USNR Iowa WIMBERLY, Paul Edwin
GM3c USN Tennessee WINDISH, Robert James PVT USMC Missouri WINDLE, Robert England PFC USMC Illinois WINTER, Edward WO(MACH) USNR Washington
WITTENBERG, Russell Duane PVT USMC WOJTKIEWICZ, Frank Peter CMMP USN California WOLF, George Alexanderson Jr. ENS USNR Pennsylvania WOOD, Harold
Baker BM2c USN Colorado WOOD, Horace Van S1c USN Texas WOOD, Roy Eugene F1c USN Arizona WOODS, Vernon Wesley S1c USN Texas WOODS, William Anthony
S2c USN New York WOODWARD, Ardenne Allen MM2c USN California WOODY, Harlan Fred S2c USN WOOLF, Norman Bragg CWTP USN Alabama WRIGHT, Edward
Henry S2c USN Illinois WYCKOFF, Robert Leroy F1c USN New Jersey YATES, Elmer Elias SC3c USN Nebraska YEATS, Charles Jr. COX USN Illinois YOMINE, Frank
Peter F2c USN Illinois YOUNG, Eric Reed ENS USN Colorado YOUNG, Glendale Rex S1c USN YOUNG, Jay Wesley S1c USN Utah YOUNG, Vivan Louis WT1c USN Virginia
ZEILER, John Virgel S1c USN Colorado ZIEMBRICKE, Steve A. S1c USN New York ZIMMERMAN, Fred Cox USN North Dakota ZIMMERMAN,Lloyd McDonald S2c USN
Missouri ZWARUN, Jr. Michael S1c(S2c) USN New Jersey
75. Comparing Attacks:
Pearl Harbor 9/11 Twin Towers
• 2,345 military and 57 civilians • 2,918 civilians and 55 military
killed personnel
• Attacked without warning • Attacked without warning
• Lead to American involvement • Lead to American involvement
in war in war
78. December 11, 1941, Japan’s allies—
Germany and Italy—declared war on
the United States
79. During World War II, U.S.
General George C. Marshall
believed that the jeep was
“America’s greatest contribution
to modern warfare.” The jeep
was first developed as a small
durable military vehicle with
room to mount a machine gun.
The four-wheel drive function on
the jeep made it possible for the
vehicle to drive off the road
through ice, mud, and other
obstacles.
80. Quick Write 2-11-10
• Why do you think it takes a major
event to get people to donate money
to causes of need?
• Haiti…was in trouble before the earthquake
• Red Cross…always needs money to stay
operational
• WWII- U.S. need funds to protect the country,
but did not really push for more until after the
attack on Pearl Harbor
81.
82. Economic survival
• The United States' industrial output during
World War II was twice as productive as
Germany and five times that of Japan. This
turned the tide in favor of an Allied victory. Part
of the success of the United States was the result
of the government mobilizing the economy
before the U.S. entered the war.
83.
84. The
Reconstruction
Roosevelt
Finance the War
created
Corporation
Production
(RFC), the
Board (WPB) to
government and
set priorities
agency which had
production goals
beento control
and set up during
the Depression,
the distribution
made loans to
of raw materials
companies to help
and supplies.
them with the cost
of converting to
war production.
85. The automobile factories turned to the production of trucks,
jeeps, and tanks. They also built artillery, rifles, mines,
helmets, pontoon bridges, cooking pots, and other military
supplies, producing nearly one-third of the military
equipment that was manufactured during the war. Henry
Ford created an assembly line for B-24 bombers.
86.
87.
88. Women and Minorities Gain Ground
The wartime labor shortage forced
factories to hire married
women in positions that were
traditionally considered men’s
work. “Rosie the Riveter,” a
character from a popular song
by the Four Vagabonds,
became a symbol for the
campaign to hire women. The
campaign resulted in 2.5
million women entering the
“Rosie the Riveter”
manufacturing workforce. symbolized new roles
for women.
90. Rosie the Riveter – The Four Vagabonds
All the day long,
Whether rain or shine,
She's a part of the assembly line.
She's making history,
Working for victory,
Rosie the Riveter.
Keeps a sharp lookout for sabotage,
Sitting up there on the fuselage.
That little girl will do
more than a male will do.
Rosie's got a boyfriend, Charlie.
Charlie, he's a Marine.
Rosie is protecting Charlie,
Working overtime on the riveting machine.
When they gave her a production "E,"
She was as proud as she could be.
There's something true about,
Red, white, and blue about,
Rosie the Riveter.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102. Rationing
War rationing affected everyone. Women
painted seams on their legs to make it
look like they were wearing stockings,
because silk was needed to make
parachutes instead of stockings.
103. Rationing
• Victory gardens were planted to produce
more food for the war effort. Scrap drives were
organized to collect spare rubber, tin, aluminum,
and steel.
• Americans exchanged bacon grease and meat
drippings for extra ration coupons because fats
and oils were so vital to the production of
explosives.
107. Sugar Rations for children
• All schoolchildren had to
have a weekly dose of
VIROL, a sweet and
sticky extract of malt, in
order to make sure they
got the proper ration of
vitamins; (and you
weren't allowed much
time to suck the spoon to
get all the sticky off it!)
108. Fish Paste
• 3 oz cooked fresh-salted cod
2 oz mashed potatoes
1 oz softened margarine
2 teaspoons Worcestershire sauce pepper
109. Grilled Pigeon
• Pigeons for grilling must be very young, when they are
often known as 'squabs'.
• Wash and dry the birds and split lengthways. Season,
then brush the birds generously with melted fat.
• Preheat the grill and place the birds with the skin side
uppermost on the grill pan. Cook for 5 minutes. Turn
them over and brush the underside with more fat.
Continue cooking for a further 5 minutes, then turn the
birds over once more and cook until tender.
• To give more flavour to the flesh a few chopped herbs
can be mixed with the melted fat. Serve the pigeons with
redcurrent or apple jelly.
110. Buying Bonds
• Buying bonds
• Issued by the U.S.
Government, they were
first called Defense
Bonds.
• The name was changed to
War Bonds after the
Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor
111. Buying Bonds
• Living in the United States with a median
income during World War II meant earning
about $2,000 a year.
• Despite the war’s hardships, 134 million
Americans were asked to purchase war bonds to
help fund the war.
• Stamps also could be purchased, starting at 10
cents each, to save toward the bond.
113. “Release a man for
combat”
Women were enlisted
mainly for
administrative and
clerical work so more
men would be available
for combat.
114. WAAC – Women’s Army Auxiliary
Corps
• Established in 1942, it was an
auxiliary corps, which means
they were officially members
of the military
115. WAC – Women’s Army Corps
• Replaced the WAAC
as a true military unit
116.
117.
118.
119.
120. WASPS – Women’s Airforce Service
Pilots
• The first women in history trained to fly American
military aircraft.
• Trained to fly non-combat missions in order to free male
pilots for combat missions. They ferried planes from the
manufacturing plants to military bases, and ended up
doing much more -- including flying new aircraft such as
the B-29, to prove to male pilots that these were not as
difficult to fly as the men thought!
123. U.S.O.
• “The USO (United Service Organization) is a
congressionally chartered, nonprofit
organization, and is not a part of the federal
government. Since 1941, the USO mission has
remained the same: to provide morale, welfare
and recreation-type services to service members
and their families.”
124. “For many decades,
celebrities have
joined forces with
the USO to
entertain troops all
over the world.
Actors, singers,
comedians, writers
and professional
sports figures
provide troops
with a morale
boost when they
need it most.
Traveling the
globe, they
volunteer their
time and talents,
ensuring that
service members
and their families
know they are not
forgotten.”
125. USO Celebrities
• The organization became mostly known for its live performances
called Camp Shows, through which the entertainment industry
helped boost the morale of its servicemen and women. At its high
point in 1944, the USO had more than 3,000 clubs, and curtains
were rising on USO shows 700 times a day. From 1941 to 1947, the
USO presented more than 400,000 performances, featuring
entertainers such as Bing Crosby, Judy Garland, Bette Davis,
Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Frank Sinatra, Marlene Dietrich,
Laurel and Hardy, The Marx Brothers, Jack Benny, James Cagney,
James Stewart, Gary Cooper, Danny Kaye, The Rockettes, Al Jolson,
Fred Astaire, The Andrews Sisters, Lucille Ball, Glenn Miller,
Mickey Rooney, and most famously, Bob Hope.
126. Quick Write 2-18-10
Current Issue:
• In a effort to deal with fights on campus (EC
Section 48900). EHRS and other California high
school will be adapting lunch arrangements on
campus.
• New campus policy:
• “lunches no longer by building or grade level,
but into a male lunch and female lunch. The goal
being to minimize issues between the two groups
and thus adhere to the campus’s policy on
reducing lunch time disruptions and fights on
campus.”
129. • Ad campaign designed to
symbolize the efforts of
African-Americans who were
fighting for victory against
fascism abroad and fighting
racism at home.
• This slogan was adopted on a
national scale to criticize the
discrimination that African-
Americans were facing in
defense-related industries.
130. • Due to racial
discrimination, African
American servicemen were
not allowed to learn to fly
until 1941, when African
American college graduates
were selected for what the
Army called "an
experiment”.
• The army air force turned
the experiment into the
99th Pursuit Squadron, an
African American unit.
• Known as the Tuskegee
Airmen.
131.
132. • When Eleanor Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Army Air Field in 1941, she insisted on
taking a ride in an airplane with a black pilot at the controls. ER's pilot was Charles
Anderson. ER then insisted that her flight with Anderson be photographed and the
film developed immediately so that she could take the photographs back to
Washington when she left the field. ER used this photograph as part of her campaign
to convince FDR to activate the participation of the Tuskegee Airmen in North Africa
and in the European Theater.
133.
134. • In June 1943, the Tuskegee
Airmen entered into combat over
North Africa.
• They were involved in more than
15,000 attacks, completing over
1,500 missions during the war.
• They never lost an escorted
bomber to enemy fighters. No
other escort unit could claim such
a record.
• When the war ended, the
Tuskegee Airmen returned home
with 150 Distinguished Flying
Crosses, Legions of Merit and the
Red Star of Yugoslavia
135.
136. Navajo Code Talkers
When American marines stormed an enemy beach, they used radios to
communicate. Using radios, however, meant that the Japanese could
intercept and translate the messages.
In the midst of battle, however, there was no time to use a code machine. A
suggestion was made to recruit the Navajos as “code talkers”.
The Navajo language was a “hidden language” because it had no written
alphabet and was known only to the Navajo and a few missionaries and
anthropologists.
The Navajo used words from their own language to represent military terms.
For example, the Navajo word jay-sho, or “buzzard”, was code for bomber;
lotso, or “whale”, meant battleship; and na-ma-si, or “potatoes”, stood for
grenades. They could relay a message in minutes what it would have taken
a machine operator hours to encrypt and transmit.
137. • Over 400
Navajo served
in the marine
corps as code
talkers
• Sworn to
secrecy, their
mission was
not revealed
until many
years after the
war
138.
139. • After the start of the war,
employers in Detroit
turned to a ready pool of
African American labor
from the South.
• June 20, 1943 racially
motivated riots broke out
in across Detroit.
• Eventually, 6,000 federal
troops had to be called in
to quell the violence.
• 43 DEAD
144. • A series of riots that erupted in Los Angeles
during World War II between sailors and
soldiers and Mexican American youth
gangs.
• On June 3, 1943, a group of servicemen on
leave complained that they had been
assaulted by a gang of pachucos.
• The headed to east LA where they attacked
all the men they found wearing zoot suits,
often ripping off the suits and burning them
in the streets.
• In many instances, the police intervened by
arresting beaten-up Mexican-American
youth for disturbing the peace.
• The government finally intervened on June
7, by declaring that Los Angeles would
henceforth be off-limits to all military
personnel.
149. • US negotiated Bracero
program due to labor
shortage (1942-64).
• Mexican citizens worked
in US—about 4 million.
• US farmers became
dependent upon
Bracero laborers.
Bracero workers on a
California farm (1944)
150. • The Braceros converted
the agricultural fields of
America into the most
productive in the planet.
• Working conditions for
migrant workers were
harsh and often unsafe.
Their wages were low, and
they were often taken
advantage of.
151.
152.
153. What are the 2 “victories” that the Double V
campaigned for?
Fighting for victory against
1.Fascism abroad and
2.Fighting racism at home.
154. Why did some Americans see Zoot Suits as
unpatriotic?
Zoot Suits used an excessive amount of
fabric. Americans thought that during war
people should cut back and conserve
(Liberty Suits instead)
155. What was the primary reason for the Bracero
Program?
• US encouraged Mexican immigration to
the US due to a labor shortage to work
in agriculture.
164. High School Campus at Heart
Mountain, Wyoming.
• Classes are
housed in
tarpaper-covered,
barrack-style
buildings
originally
designed as living
quarters for the
evacuees.
165. •In an atmosphere of
hysteria, Roosevelt,,
authorized the internment
of American citizens of
Japanese ancestry and
resident aliens from
Japan.
•Executive Order 9066
ordered the “removal of
resident enemy aliens”
from parts of the West
vaguely identified as
“military areas.”
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178. • In her memoirs, Eleanor
Roosevelt recalled being
completely floored by her
husband’s action. A fierce
proponent of civil rights,
Eleanor hoped to change
Roosevelt’s mind, but
when she brought the
subject up with him, he
interrupted her and told
her never to mention it
again.
179. •Pearl Harbor Bombed:
12-07-1941
•Internment Camps Created:
2-19-1942
•120,000 forced into 10 camps all
•Only Japanese-Americans on the
West Coast
•66% were US citizens!
•What does Executive
Order 9066 suggest
about executive power?
180. Eugene V. Rostow, Harper’s Magazine
September 1945)
• "In the perspective of our legal tradition, the facts are almost incredible.
During the bleak spring of 1942, the Japanese and the Japanese-
Americans who lived on the West Coast of the United States were taken
into custody and removed to camps in the interior. More than 100,000
men, women, and children were thus exiled and imprisoned. More than
two thirds of them were American citizens.
• These people were taken into custody as a military measure on the ground
that espionage and sabotage were especially to be feared from persons of
Japanese blood. The whole group was removed from the West Coast
because the military authorities thought it would take too long to conduct
individual investigations on the spot. They were arrested without
warrants and were held without indictment or a statement of charges,
although the courts were open and freely functioning. They were
transported to camps far from their homes, and kept there under prison
conditions, pending investigations of their "loyalty." Despite the good
intentions of the chief relocation officers, the centers were little better than
concentration camps."
181. Eugene V. Rostow, Harper’s Magazine
September 1945) Break Down…
• These people were taken into custody as a military measure on the
ground that espionage and sabotage were especially to be feared
from persons of Japanese blood.
• The whole group was removed from the West Coast because the
military authorities thought it would take too long to conduct
individual investigations on the spot.
• They were arrested without warrants and were held without
indictment or a statement of charges, although the courts were
open and freely functioning.
• They were transported to camps far from their homes, and kept
there under prison conditions, pending investigations of their
"loyalty.“
• Despite the good intentions of the chief relocation officers, the
centers were little better than concentration camps."
182.
183. • In times of crisis
the government
over steps its
boundaries and
takes away
individual
liberties
Sedition/Espionage Acts-WWI
186. •If you were forced to move with your family to an
internment camp, what personal belongings would you
take with you? In the suitcase below, draw those special
items you would take to the camp.
•Describe how would you and your families lives would
be different if you were forced to move to an internment
camp. How would you feel?
AND FARWELL TO MANZANAR
187. • By 1944, 1,500 men from the camps
volunteered for Military Service
• 5,000 went back to Japan after the
war
• 1945: Supreme Court ruled that the
camps were unconstitutional
• In 1948 Truman signed an act to
pay back over 131 million. Only 38
million was ever paid back
• (1942) Over 2 billion dollars was
lost in property and income
188. • In 1988, Congress implemented the Civil Liberties Act,
apologizing on behalf of the nation for the "grave
injustice" done to persons of Japanese ancestry.
Congress declared that the internments had been
"motivated largely by racial prejudice, wartime hysteria,
and a failure of political leadership" and authorized
$20,000 payments to Japanese Americans who had
suffered injustices during World War II.
189. What does Executive Order 9066 say about the
government during times of crisis?
•In times of crisis the
government over steps its
boundaries, and takes away
individual liberties
190. How did the US Supreme Court justify the
removal of Japanese Americans from their
home?
•Ruling that the actions were
necessary for national security
191. Haiku, the shortest form of poetry developed in Japan,
emerged in the late 17th century.
A Haiku is a three-line poem consisting of 17
syllables: 5 in the first line, 7 in the second, and 5 in the
third.
Haiku is subtle and simple, conveying scenes and
moods with great sensitivity.
A haiku often includes a reference to nature or to past
events.
The essence of haiku is not descriptive; instead, it
represents the reader with a series of images that, when
connected with the reader’s imagination, yield a wealth
of associations, visions, and emotions.
•Most haiku are written in the present tense.
192. Examples of Haikus
Mountain snow loosens
Rivulets of tears. Washed stones,
Forgotten clearing
-from Farewell to Manzanar
Bitter winter snow
Bleak encampment of sorrow
A cold, white prison.
-Teacher’s Curriculum Institute
193. Examples of Haikus
Haiku Japanese poetry
Mountain snow loosens
Rivulets of tears. Washed stones,
Haiku, the shortest form of poetry Forgotten clearing
developed in Japan, emerged in the
late 17th century. -from Farewell to Manzanar
A Haiku is a three-line poem Bitter winter snow
consisting of 17 syllables: 5 in the Bleak encampment of sorrow
first line, 7 in the second, and 5 in the A cold, white prison.
third.
-Teacher’s Curriculum Institute
Haiku is subtle and simple,
conveying scenes and moods with
great sensitivity. Task:
A haiku often includes a reference to
nature or to past events. Make your own Haiku Poem
The essence of haiku is not from the viewpoint of a Japanese
descriptive; instead, it represents the Internee. Brainstorm some ideas
reader with a series of images that,
when connected with the reader’s first then with the paper provided
imagination, yield a wealth of create a final draft. You will need
associations, visions, and emotions. to create a picture in the
Most haiku are written in the present
tense. background of your poem as
well. See examples provided.
194. Quick Write
Answer the following Questions:
• 1. What did the : “V’s” stand for in the Double V
campaign?
• 2. What was the name given to the African-
American pilots that fought in the
Mediterranean?
• 3. What minority group was used for their
language to prevent Japanese decoding of
messages?
207. Dr. Seuss – political cartoonist
“Horton Hears a Who! Deals with Japanese and U.S. relations
"Yertle the Turtle" pokes fun at those who want to rule the world.
209. Holding the Line Against Japan
• After Japan bombed Pearl
Harbor,
the commander of the United
States Navy in the Pacific,
Admiral Chester Nimitz,
could do little at first to stop
the advancing Japanese into
Southeast Asia. Japan
attacked American airfields in
the Philippines and landed
their troops in the islands.
210. Holding the Line Against Japan
The commander of the Americans
and Filipinos defending the
Philippines, General Douglas
MacArthur, decided to take his
badly outnumbered troops and
retreat to the Bataan Peninsula.
Roosevelt ordered the general to
evacuate to Australia.
211. Holding the Line Against Japan
• The Allied
"You should be dead, but
defenders of
you just keep going,"
Bataan
said Onufry, who now
finally lives in the North
surrendered, Country town of
and thousands Freedom.
died on the "Another day, and you're
Bataan Death still alive."
March to a
Japanese
prison camp. Japanese soldier taking the head off a prisoner
214. Holding the Line Against Japan
In early 1942, B-25 bombers replaced the
aircraft carriers’ short-range bombers because
they could attack from farther away.
Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle was put
in command of the mission that bombed
Japan on April 18.
215. Doolittle Raids
• Attaching “peace”
medals given to the
U.S. during the
Japanese diversion
before Pearl Harbor.
• All of 13 and all but 1
of the 14th plane would
return to the US, some
after years as prisoners
of war
216. Holding the Line Against Japan
• Doolittle’s attack on Japan made
Japanese leaders change their strategy. An
attack on Midway Island—the last American
base in the North Pacific west of Hawaii—was
planned to lure the American fleet into battle to
be destroyed by the Japanese. This would cut
American supply lines to Australia. The plan
failed because the United States had a team of
code breakers based in Hawaii that broke the
Japanese Navy’s secret code for conducting
operations.
217. Holding the Line Against Japan
• The turning point in the war came
during the Battle of Midway when Americans
shot down 38 Japanese planes and destroyed
four Japanese carriers. This stopped the
Japanese advance into the Pacific.
220. USS Yorktown
• Strike on USS
Yorktown by 3
Japanese
Kamikaze
attacks
• It would take 2
Japanese
torpedos
221. •Why did the Japanese decide to
attack Midway Island?
Midway Island was the last American base in
the North Pacific. The Japanese believed that
an attack on Midway Island would lure the
American fleet into battle and enable the
Japanese fleet to destroy it. The American fleet
had to be destroyed in order to protect Tokyo
from being bombed by American B-25s.
222. Consequences of the Battle of Midway
• The consequences of the Battle of Midway for
the Japanese were huge. At a stroke they had
lost four vital aircraft carriers that were
considered to be vital for the Pacific campaign.
Whereas the Americans could replace the
'Yorktown', the Japanese would have found it
very difficult to replace one carrier, let alone
four. Regardless of finding new carriers,
experienced crew would also be needed and the
Japanese had lost many experienced crewmen
during the battle.
224. Turning Back the German Army
• A. The leader of the Soviet Union,
Joseph Stalin, urged Roosevelt to open a second
front in Europe. Although Roosevelt wanted his
troops to enter into battle in Europe, Prime
Minister Churchill wanted to be more cautious
and attack the periphery, or edges, of
Germany. In July 1942, Roosevelt ordered the
invasion of Morocco and Algeria(Africa)—
French territories indirectly under Germany
control.
225. Turning Back the German Army
• B. On November 8, 1942, the
American invasion of North Africa began under the
command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower. General
George Patton led the American forces in Morocco and
captured the city of Casablanca. At the Battle of
Kasserine Pass, Americans faced the German army for
the first time. Outmaneuvered and outfought, Americans
suffered huge losses. The general in charge was fired and
Patton was put in command. American and British forces
finally pushed the Germans back. On May 13, 1943,
German forces in North Africa surrendered.
226. Turning Back the German Army
• C. After Germany declared war on the
United States, German submarines began
sinking American cargo ships along the
American East Coast. The situation greatly
improved when the U.S. Navy set up a convoy
system, in which cargo ships traveled in groups
and were escorted by navy warships. The
German submarine campaign continued into the
spring of 1942. From July on, American
shipyards produced more ships than German
submarines could sink.
227. Turning Back the German Army
• D. Hitler wanted to defeat the Soviets
by destroying their economy. So he ordered his
army to capture oil fields, industries, and
farmlands vital to the Soviet economy. The
Germans tried to capture Stalingrad, but the
Soviets held their ground. The Germans were
surrounded and surrendered. The Battle of
Stalingrad was a turning point in the war
because it put the Germans on the defensive.
228. Turning Back the German Army
•Why was the Battle of Stalingrad an
important battle for the Allies?
The Germans tried to capture Stalingrad, but the
Soviets held their ground. The Germans
surrendered. The Battle of Stalingrad was a
turning point in the war because it put the
Germans on the defensive.
229. • Use the Code Talkers
Dictionary and create
your own secret code.
• Then try cracking Mr.
Fuertsch’s code.
230. Quick Write 2-24-10
• Would you be willing to die for your country to
fight in a battle to win a war?
Now consider these things:
• Your country has the ability to drop a bomb to
end the fighting so you did not have to risk your
life
• This bomb however will kill hundreds of
thousands of people
232. Casablanca Conference
• At the Casablanca Conference, Roosevelt and
Churchill planned a wartime strategy that
included increased bombing of Germany and
an attack on Sicily.
• The Allied invasion of France took place on
June 6, 1944, which was known as D-Day
• General MacArthur’s strategy involved taking
back islands in the Pacific, one island at a time,
to push back the Japanese.
