Baby Smart Grid 11/09

BABY SMART GRID
Concord Light
Nov 23 2009

Jessica Millar, Ph.D.
Dave Durfee, Ph.D.

Dumb smart grid

This winter, Monhegan Plantation Power District
(MPDD) is studying George Baker’s concept of a
“dumb smart grid,” to turn on inexpensive retail
electric heaters that plug into outlets when the
wind is blowing and turn them off when the wind
is not.
-- Philip Conkling, President of the Island Institute

Renewable energy and heating
•  Heating and cooling use up about as much energy as gasoline for
many family budgets
•  “Electricity” as we commonly think of it (lights, computer, TV,
refrigerators) is much smaller use
•  Breakdown is 50-40-10 Gasoline, Heat, Electricity
•  Renewables for these uses can step around intermittency issue by
simply storing heat and cold

-- Ocean Energy Institute

Today: baby smart grid

ISO

VCharge

Electric Thermal Storage providing Regulation

Outline
•  Who we are
•  Regulation Pilot Project
–  High level
–  Our implementation details (Dave)
–  How we would like you to help us
–  Timetable & Milestones
•  2011 and beyond: what comes next

Team
•  EV Power (software/hardware for ETS aggregated regulation)
–  Dave Durfee, principal of Bay Computer Associates and Adjunct
Professor at Brown University, brings to the table competent, timely and
high quality engineering backed by a team of twenty electronics and
software engineers. In addition, Dr. Durfee exudes a constant joy for all
things engineering and his education and experience has given him a
keen ability for assessing the technical merits of a wide range of
engineering products and processes.
–  Jessica Millar, president of VCharge, sees the intersection between
smart grid technologies and electric vehicles as the frontier with greatest
potential impact on renewable integration into the power grid. With a
Ph.D. from MIT in mathematical logic, Dr. Millar’s “previous life” as a
mathematician included a stint as a Benjamin Peirce Instructor in the
Harvard math department and most recently a visiting professorship at
Brown University.

Team
•  VCharge (pilot energy service company, “EV/ETS aggregator”)
–  Primary asset: joining NEPOOL this January
–  Owned & operated by Jessica Millar … will expand as necessary

•  EV Power (software/hardware for EV/ ETS aggregated regulation)
www.evpow.com : ddurfee@evpow.com, 401.461.1484

Team
•  Steffes Corporation (makers of the Electric Thermal Storage Units)
http://steffes.com: dgaffney@steffes.com, 800.224.3769

http://veecharge.com : jmillar@veecharge.com, 401.212.9119


Team
•  Concord Light (Concord’s Municipal Electric Utility)
Dale Cronan, 978.318.3102




Team
•  Electrical Contractor Paul Keleher
978.838.2457





Team
•  YOU, WE HOPE! (Concord home owners with Steffes ETS)
•  Electrical Contractor Paul Keleher
978.838.2457





Outline
•  Who we are
•  Description of the Regulation Pilot Project
–  High level
–  Our implementation details
–  How we would like you to help us
–  Timetable & Milestones
•  2011 and beyond: what comes next

Stabilizing
power
ﬂuctua3ons

Source:
Wille,
Kempton

Regulation
•  In order to limit the minute-to-minute fluctuations in power on the
grid, the Independent Systems Operator of New England, or ISO NE,
uses a financial mechanism: the regulation market. Participants in
this market commit to an upper and lower range of power supply
(with a negative number meaning power use) and agree to move
back and forth in that range following a signal sent by ISO NE every
4 seconds, for an hour. Regulation providers are then paid for these
services.
•  An aggregator is necessary to negotiate between individual plugged-
in electric vehicles and/or residential electric heating units, which are
too small to join the market independently, and ISO NE.

VCharge Participation Requirements
•  Electrical connection
–  No further studies required by ISO NE
–  Discussions underway with National Grid; initial sites identified for
vehicles. No issues predicted for interconnection study involving initial
vehicles

•  Communications
–  Pointlist for RTU entered into the ISO NE network model
–  “Point to point” communication test for ISO NE complete.

•  NEPOOL Membership expected January 1 2010
•  Need +/- 100 kW to be “full participants” (and to get paid)

Why we need you!!
•  Need +/- 100 kW to be “full participants” (and to get paid)
•  Plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) are still a couple years off, at least in
non-prototype form.
•  A single prototype v2g EV provides +/- 15 kW of regulation.

V2G stands for “vehicle to grid”, and refers to a vehicle that
sometimes returns electricity to the grid while plugged in. This
doesn’t mean the vehicle generates its own energy, but rather that its
battery gets used as a storage device delivering electricity back to
the grid.

What does commitment involve?
•  For the calendar year 2010 you would allow us to aggregate
regulation from your ETS system.

•  At the start of the pilot, we would need to add an additional piece of
electronics to your system – let’s call it an Energy Negotiation Unit
(ENU) that will receive an internet signal from our aggregator software
and vary the charging rate of the ETS system according to that signal.

•  You would need to provide an internet connection.

•  Finally, you would allow us to monitor and collect data about the
performance of your ETS unit during this period of time.

Risks?
•  Since the charging rate will vary rapidly, on the order of minutes, there
should be no significant difference in heat profile for the core. In
particular, pilot participation should not have any effect on how you
program your thermostat. The primary risk is that we make an
engineering mistake that cannot be tested until a cold day in the field,
and that the house becomes too cold. Dave’s engineers have a record
of quality control with several decades of experience making medical
devices (Bay Computer Associates, www.baycomp.com). In addition,
Concord Light has agreed to provide back-up support during the pilot in
the form of Off Peak pricing during the day in the event that the ENU
backfires.

•  Minute to minute fluctuations should not hurt the ETS system; Steffes
will continue to warranty its electronics and elements operating in series
with the extra energy management module.

Financial return?
•  For the first year and for the first 5 homes, all regulation profit made
by the home will be passed onto the home, except for a 10%
commission that will go to Paul Keleher.
•  Total profit is on the order of a couple cents per kWh that your ETS
system uses. Part of the point of the pilot is to get decent estimates.
•  Factors that could decrease the return:
-  NEPOOL fees
-  Initial software is pretty dumb
-  Preparing for the “real” Regulation Market: may need to bid the
day ahead, and for a constant amount every hour

Timetable and Milestones
•  Dec 2009: Dave & BCA start preparing Energy Negotiation Unit
(ENU) for Steffes ETS systems
•  Jan 2010: ENU ready for testing
•  Feb 2010: ENU installed on Steffes ETS systems in 5 Concord
homes
•  March 2010: VCharge brings first month of data for aggregated
residential ETS units providing regulation to ISO NE stakeholder
process
•  October 2010: Prepare for season 2 by expanding to more users and
deploying second generation aggregation software

Postscript: what about cars?

V Charge logo

Plug-in Vehicles providing Regulation

Initial vehicles: will be totally electric (EV), and capable of
returning electricity back to the grid when plugged in
(v2g).
–  E-Coda, totally electric urban vehicle prototype
developed by Chris Bull of Brown University and
Michael Lye of RISD.
Possibly also
–  AC Propulsion eBox, totally electric v2g vehicle
–  Ford E-F250 conversion vehicle from HEVT

The Technology: v2g features/liabilities

•  30 kW range (-15 kW to +15 kW) vs. 3 kW range
•  Discharging wears down the battery
•  Distributed energy storage (likely necessary for high
penetration of renewable energy)
•  Distributed energy storage (more difficult to integrate into
current grid than 1-way charging)

220 MW wind

Source:
Wille,
Kempton

220 MW wind, 30000 EVs

Source:
Wille,
Kempton

Will we choose this future?

2010
2050
2100
2200

Or will we choose this future?

2009
2030

Baby Smart Grid 11/09

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