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I
F I R S T G R A D I N G P E R I O D
I . B A C K G R O U N D O F C H E M I S T R Y
 H i s t o r y o f C h e m i s t r y
 C h e m i s tr y T o d a y
 T h e S c i e n t if i c M e t h o d
 F a m o u s F i li p i n o S c i e n ti s t s
II. M E A S U R E M E N T : A T O O L IN C H E M IS T R Y
 U n its o f M e a s u re m e n t
 C o n v e rs io n o f U n its
 L a b o ra to ry M e a s u re m e n ts in C h e m is try
 S ig n ific a n t F ig u re s
III. M A T T E R : IT M A T T E R S M O S T
 S ta te s o f M a tte r
 C la s s ific a tio n o f M a tte r
 P r o p e r tie s o f M a tte r
 C h a n g e s in M a tte r
 E n e r g y : It M a tte r s T o o
I V . T H E A T O M : A L O O K I N T O T H E U L T I M A T E
 E a r l y G r e e k s ’ I d e a s A b o u t t h e A t o m
 D a l t o n ’ s A t o m i c T h e o r y
 T h e S u b a t o m i c P a r t i c l e s
 T h e A t o m i c M o d e l
 A t o m i c N u m b e r a n d M a s s N u m b e r
 I s o t o p e s a n d A t o m i c M a s s
S E C O N D G R A D IN G P E R IO D
V . T H E A T O M : I T S E L E C T R O N I C S T R U C T U R E
 T h e E l e c t r o m a g n e t i c R a d i a t i o n
 T h e Q u a n t u m T h e o r y o f R a d i a t i o n
 B o h r ’ s A t o m i c T h e o r y
 T h e O r b i t a l M o d e l o f t h e A t o m
 T h e Q u a n t u m N u m b e r s
 E l e c t r o n i c C o n f i g u r a t i o n
V I. TH E P E R IP IC TA B L E : P U T T IN G E LE M E N T S IN O R D E R
 D evelo p m ent o f the P erio d ic T able
 Th e M o dern P erio d ic T able
 Th e E lem ents
 E lectron ic C on figu ration an d th e P erio d ic Tab le
 Tren ds in th e P eriod ic T ab le
V II. C H E M IC A L B O N D S : H O L D IN G P A R T IC L E S T O G E T H E R
 C h e m ic a l B o n d s
 L e w is D o t S y m b o l
 Io n ic B o n d
 C o v a le n t B o n d
 In te rm o le c u la r F o rc e s
 E le c tro n e g a tiv ity a n d B o n d in g
 C o m p a ris o n B e tw e e n C o v a le n t a n d Io n ic C o m p o u n d s
 T h e N a tu re o f B o n d s in S o lid s
V I I I . C H E M I C A L F O R M U L A S : U N D E R S T A N D I N G
T H E S Y M B O L S I N C H E M I S T R Y
 T h e E l e m e n t s
 O x i d a t i o n N u m b e r s
 P o l y a t o m i c I o n s
 F o r m u l a W r it i n g : T h e C r i s s - C r o s s M e t h o d
 N a m i n g C o m p o u n d s
T H IR D G R A D IN G P E R IO D
IX . T H E M O L E : T H E C H E M IS T ’S C O U N T IN G U N IT
 T h e M o le
 A t o m ic M a s s a n d M o la r M a s s
 M o le c u la r M a s s a n d F o r m u la M a s s
 M a s s - M o le C o n v e r s io n
 P e r c e n t a g e C o m p o s it io n o f a C o m p o u n d
 E m p ir ic a l F o r m u la a n d M o le c u la r F o r m u la
X . C H E M IC A L R E A C T IO N S : E Q U A T IN G T H E
R E A C A N T S A N D T H E P R O D U C T S
 E v id e n c e s o f a C h e m ic a l R e a c t io n
 T h e C h e m ic a l E q u a t io n
 B a la n c in g C h e m ic a l E q u a tio n s
 T y p e s o f C h e m ic a l R e a c t io n s
 H o w C h e m ic a l R e a c t io n s O c c u r
 F a c t o r s t h a t A ff e c t th e R a t e o f R e a c t io n
 S t o ic h io m e t r y
X I. G A S E S : T H E M O V IN G M O L E C U L E S
 P ro p e rtie s o f G a s e s
 T h e K in e tic M o le c u la r T h e o ry
 Id e a l G a s e s V e rs u s R e a l G a s e s
 P re s s u re o f G a s e s
 T h e G a s L a w s
FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
X I I . S O L U T I O N S : T H E H O M O G E N E O U S M I X T U R E S
 T h e N a t u r e o f S o l u t i o n s
 T h e S o l v a t i o n P r o c e s s
 T y p e s o f S o l u t i o n s
 S o l u b i l i t y a n d S a t u r a t i o n
 F a c t o r s t h a t A f f e c t S o l u b i li t y
 M e t h o d s o f E x p r e s s i n g C o n c e n t r a t i o n
 D i l u t i o n
 E l e c t r o l y t e s a n d N o n e l e c t r o l y t e s
 C o l l i g a t i v e P r o p e r t i e s o f S o l u t i o n s
X III. A C ID S A N D B A S E S : T H E S O U R A N D
B IT T E R S O L U T IO N S
 P r o p e r tie s o f A c id s a n d B a s e s
 C o m m o n A c id s a n d B a s e s
 W a te r a n d th e p H S c a le
 A c id -B a s e In d ic a to r s
 N e u tr a liz a tio n
X IV . C O L L O ID S : T H E G L U E -L IK E M IX T U R E S
 T h e C o m p o n e n ts o f C o llo id s
 T y p e s o f C o llo id s
 P ro p e rtie s o f C o llo id s
 P re p a ra tio n o f C o llo id s

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Overview of chemistry

  • 1. I
  • 2. F I R S T G R A D I N G P E R I O D I . B A C K G R O U N D O F C H E M I S T R Y  H i s t o r y o f C h e m i s t r y  C h e m i s tr y T o d a y  T h e S c i e n t if i c M e t h o d  F a m o u s F i li p i n o S c i e n ti s t s
  • 3. II. M E A S U R E M E N T : A T O O L IN C H E M IS T R Y  U n its o f M e a s u re m e n t  C o n v e rs io n o f U n its  L a b o ra to ry M e a s u re m e n ts in C h e m is try  S ig n ific a n t F ig u re s
  • 4. III. M A T T E R : IT M A T T E R S M O S T  S ta te s o f M a tte r  C la s s ific a tio n o f M a tte r  P r o p e r tie s o f M a tte r  C h a n g e s in M a tte r  E n e r g y : It M a tte r s T o o
  • 5. I V . T H E A T O M : A L O O K I N T O T H E U L T I M A T E  E a r l y G r e e k s ’ I d e a s A b o u t t h e A t o m  D a l t o n ’ s A t o m i c T h e o r y  T h e S u b a t o m i c P a r t i c l e s  T h e A t o m i c M o d e l  A t o m i c N u m b e r a n d M a s s N u m b e r  I s o t o p e s a n d A t o m i c M a s s
  • 6. S E C O N D G R A D IN G P E R IO D V . T H E A T O M : I T S E L E C T R O N I C S T R U C T U R E  T h e E l e c t r o m a g n e t i c R a d i a t i o n  T h e Q u a n t u m T h e o r y o f R a d i a t i o n  B o h r ’ s A t o m i c T h e o r y  T h e O r b i t a l M o d e l o f t h e A t o m  T h e Q u a n t u m N u m b e r s  E l e c t r o n i c C o n f i g u r a t i o n
  • 7. V I. TH E P E R IP IC TA B L E : P U T T IN G E LE M E N T S IN O R D E R  D evelo p m ent o f the P erio d ic T able  Th e M o dern P erio d ic T able  Th e E lem ents  E lectron ic C on figu ration an d th e P erio d ic Tab le  Tren ds in th e P eriod ic T ab le
  • 8. V II. C H E M IC A L B O N D S : H O L D IN G P A R T IC L E S T O G E T H E R  C h e m ic a l B o n d s  L e w is D o t S y m b o l  Io n ic B o n d  C o v a le n t B o n d  In te rm o le c u la r F o rc e s  E le c tro n e g a tiv ity a n d B o n d in g  C o m p a ris o n B e tw e e n C o v a le n t a n d Io n ic C o m p o u n d s  T h e N a tu re o f B o n d s in S o lid s
  • 9. V I I I . C H E M I C A L F O R M U L A S : U N D E R S T A N D I N G T H E S Y M B O L S I N C H E M I S T R Y  T h e E l e m e n t s  O x i d a t i o n N u m b e r s  P o l y a t o m i c I o n s  F o r m u l a W r it i n g : T h e C r i s s - C r o s s M e t h o d  N a m i n g C o m p o u n d s
  • 10. T H IR D G R A D IN G P E R IO D IX . T H E M O L E : T H E C H E M IS T ’S C O U N T IN G U N IT  T h e M o le  A t o m ic M a s s a n d M o la r M a s s  M o le c u la r M a s s a n d F o r m u la M a s s  M a s s - M o le C o n v e r s io n  P e r c e n t a g e C o m p o s it io n o f a C o m p o u n d  E m p ir ic a l F o r m u la a n d M o le c u la r F o r m u la
  • 11. X . C H E M IC A L R E A C T IO N S : E Q U A T IN G T H E R E A C A N T S A N D T H E P R O D U C T S  E v id e n c e s o f a C h e m ic a l R e a c t io n  T h e C h e m ic a l E q u a t io n  B a la n c in g C h e m ic a l E q u a tio n s  T y p e s o f C h e m ic a l R e a c t io n s  H o w C h e m ic a l R e a c t io n s O c c u r  F a c t o r s t h a t A ff e c t th e R a t e o f R e a c t io n  S t o ic h io m e t r y
  • 12. X I. G A S E S : T H E M O V IN G M O L E C U L E S  P ro p e rtie s o f G a s e s  T h e K in e tic M o le c u la r T h e o ry  Id e a l G a s e s V e rs u s R e a l G a s e s  P re s s u re o f G a s e s  T h e G a s L a w s
  • 13. FOURTH GRADING PERIOD X I I . S O L U T I O N S : T H E H O M O G E N E O U S M I X T U R E S  T h e N a t u r e o f S o l u t i o n s  T h e S o l v a t i o n P r o c e s s  T y p e s o f S o l u t i o n s  S o l u b i l i t y a n d S a t u r a t i o n  F a c t o r s t h a t A f f e c t S o l u b i li t y  M e t h o d s o f E x p r e s s i n g C o n c e n t r a t i o n  D i l u t i o n  E l e c t r o l y t e s a n d N o n e l e c t r o l y t e s  C o l l i g a t i v e P r o p e r t i e s o f S o l u t i o n s
  • 14. X III. A C ID S A N D B A S E S : T H E S O U R A N D B IT T E R S O L U T IO N S  P r o p e r tie s o f A c id s a n d B a s e s  C o m m o n A c id s a n d B a s e s  W a te r a n d th e p H S c a le  A c id -B a s e In d ic a to r s  N e u tr a liz a tio n
  • 15. X IV . C O L L O ID S : T H E G L U E -L IK E M IX T U R E S  T h e C o m p o n e n ts o f C o llo id s  T y p e s o f C o llo id s  P ro p e rtie s o f C o llo id s  P re p a ra tio n o f C o llo id s