This document discusses using phylogenies and comparative methods to determine the origins of behaviors. It covers what phylogenies are and how they are constructed using morphological and molecular traits. Resolving phylogenies can help trace the evolution of traits over time. The document discusses using phylogenies of related species to compare traits and determine if a trait like bower building style or preference for long fins in fish originated before or after species diverged. It also discusses testing for residual ancestral preferences by seeing if modern species respond to traits not present in their own phylogeny. The concept of sensory exploitation is introduced, where males exploit preexisting female preferences to gain a reproductive advantage.

1. Lecture 9 Animal Behavior: Phylogenies and Determining the Origins of Behaviors

7. Molecular vs Morphological Phylogenies Comparison of the subgenera of Polistes phylogeny obtained by Carpenter's 1996 morphological study (Fig. 2.8) and the phylogeny obtained in the present study, including all morphological and molecular characters. Species included from each subgenus are listed in Table 1. Arévalo et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2004 4:8 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-8 Morphological Morphological and Molecular

8. Fossil vs Extant Morphological Phylogenies Two phylogenies, one using with characteristics from fossils (Dr. Michael Caldwell)

16. How determine the origin of a trait? Preference for long fin

17. How determine the origin of a trait? Preference for long fin Seemingly likely origin of fin preference