Answer key for partial on chapter 27

1. CENTRO ESCOLAR SOLALTO
11th Biology
Teacher Javier Aguirre, B.A.
3rd Term 2010
NAME_________________________ Date: _____________
Biology Partial Exam
Multiple Choice: Please, circle the letter of the best answer.
(1pt. each / 5pts. total)
1. Which of the following is an example of a result of maintaining homeostasis?
a. Blood sugar level above normal
b. Exhaustion
c. Voluntary muscle contraction
d. Steady internal temperature
2. Which type of tissue covers your body and lines your internal organs?
a. Nervous tissue
b. Muscle tissue
c. Epithelial tissue
d. Connective tissue
3. The functions of the human skeletal system include ________________.
a. preventing fluid loss
b. providing attachment sites for muscles
c. exchanging chemicals with muscles
d. building muscle cells
4. Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system?
a. Fingernails
b. Hair
c. Skin
d. Vertebrae
5. Pick the answer that accurately pairs a structure with its function:
a. sharp front teeth: grinding food
b. highly folded lining of intestine: exchanging nutrients
c. hinge joint: rotating one bone around another bone
d. All of the above

2. Short Answer: Please answer the following question with a brief but accurate
statement. (2pts. each / 20pts. total)
1. Explain the relationship between anatomy and physiology.
Anatomy is the structure of an organism and its parts; physiology is the
study of their function.
2. Name two general functions of connective tissue.
Bind other kinds of tissues together; cushion organs
3. Describe the cause and effect of shivering.
Shivering is caused by the rapid contraction of skeletal muscles. The
effect is the generation of heat, which helps the body maintain normal
body temperature.
4. What function does the cartilage between your vertebrae have?
The disks of cartilage between the vertebrae cushion the bones and give
the spinal cord flexibility.
5. Describe the difference between ligaments and tendons.
A ligament connects two bones together at a joint. A tendon connects a
bone to a muscle.
6. Give an example of how one of your body structures matches its function(s).
Possible answer: The hard bumpy surfaces of your molars make them
good for grinding food.
7. Describe one function of smooth muscles.
Smooth muscles in your heart and intestine allow you to pump blood and
digest food without having to think about it. (Involuntary)
8. Describe the structure and function of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
The epidermis is the top layer of your skin and it is mostly made up of
dead cells. Underneath it you will find the dermis, which contains many
types of tissues. Finally, the hypodermis contains a lot of adipose tissue.

3. 9. Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle.
A skeletal muscle consists of bundles of muscle fibers. Each fiber is one
cell and contains bundles of myofribrils, each of which consists of
sarcomeres containing actin and myosin filaments.
10. Name two ways people can reduce their risk of osteoporosis.
1. Eating foods rich in calcium
2. Exercising regularly
Visualizing Concepts: Please do as instructed. (1pt. each / 4pts. total)
1. Arrange the steps below into a flowchart showing the process of a skeletal
muscle contraction. You can number them to explain what their order in the
process is.
Myosin heads bind to actin filaments Myosin heads pull actin
filaments ATP binds to myosin heads Sarcomere
contracts muscle contracts
Analyzing Information: Answer the questions following each of the next two items
by analyzing the given information. (3pts. each / 21pts. total)
1. Examine the photo to answer the questions below.

4. a. Which kind of muscle tissue is shown in the photo?
Cardiac muscle
b. Where in the body is this tissue found?
In the heart
c. How does the shape of the cells of this tissue contribute to the tissue's
function?
Cells make branching connections with each other, allowing them
to act in coordination
d. Is the contraction of the muscles containing this tissue voluntary or
involuntary?
Involuntary
2. Use the data table below to answer the questions.
a. Which location has the greatest change in temperature?
Outdoors
b. Which of these three locations do you think has some kind of
homeostatic mechanism? Why?
Indoors and inside the human body; both maintain fairly stable
temperatures

5. c. Do the data allow you to conclude whether the human is indoors or
outdoors between 8:00 A.M. and noon? Why or why not?
You can not conclude if the human is outdoors or indoors because
homeostasis keeps human body temperature near 37oC.
Critical Thinking: (5pts. each / 10pts. total)
1. Give examples of organs in your body with skeletal muscle tissue and with
smooth muscle tissue. Describe the similarities and differences between the
two types of muscles.
Sample answer: The biceps is a skeletal muscle. The intestine has
smooth muscle. They are similar in that they both function in movement.
They are different, because the skeletal muscle is attached to a bone and
movement is voluntary; whereas, smooth muscle movement is
involuntary. Also skeletal muscle is cylindrical and multinucleated;
smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped.
2. How might a burn injury to the skin affect your body's ability to maintain
homeostasis? Explain.
A burn might damage the epidermis and dermis making it easier for
microorganisms to enter the body and infect it.
What's Wrong With These Statements? Briefly explain why each of the following
statements is inaccurate or misleading. (2pts. each / 8pts. total)
1. Homeostasis prevents your body from changing.
The body still changes, but homeostasis keeps does changes within a
safe range most of the time.
2. Your bones are hard and brittle.
Healthy bones are not brittle
3. While beating a drum, your arm muscles are contracted.
One muscle is contracted while another is relaxed. Muscles work in pairs.

6. 4. Nonliving cells have no function in the human body.
False. Dead epithelial cells, for example, protect the rest of the skin.
Vocabulary Write the letter corresponding to the meaning of each word in the
following list inside the parenthesis next to each one. (1pt. each / 8pts. total)
1. Homeostasis ( D )
A. Aqueous solution that fills the gaps between cells in a tissue.
2. Hormone ( G )
B. Tissue layer beneath the dermis; contains adipose tissue, a
connective tissue that includes fat-storing cells and blood
vessels.
3. Interstitial fluid ( A ) C. Layer of skin beneath and supporting the epidermis, made up
mostly of fibrous connective tissue that gives the skin its
strength and elasticity.
4. Integumentary System ( F ) D. Internal stability or “steady state” maintained by the body.
E. Pigmented protein that gives skin its color.
5. Epidermis ( H )
F. Outer covering that physically separates the body from the
external environment.
6. Melanin ( E ) G. Signal molecule released into the bloodstream that triggers
particular responses.
H. Outermost layer of the skin.
7. Dermis ( C )
8. Hypodermis ( B )