A brief survey of 19th century European intellectual and political history, primarily focusing on political ideologies stemming from the Enlightenment and French Revolution.

1. 19th Century Thought
Politics, Social Theory and
Science

2. Enlightenment Legacies
• Romantic Movement
– Emotionalism, Primitivism
– Literature, Art, Politics
• Economic Liberalism
– Adam Smith
– John Ricardo's Iron Law of Wages
– Thomas Malthus and Population
• Positivism

3. Positivism and Science
• Auguste Comte
• Emile Durkheim
• Chemistry and Medicine
• Darwin & Evolutionary Thought
– "Social Darwinism" and other alternative
evolutionary theories

4. Liberalism
• Utilitarianism
– The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number
– Jeremy Bentham: Corn Laws, Workhouses
– John Mill
• John Stuart Mill
– On Liberty, 1859
– The Subjection of Women, 1869
• Democratization
– Suffrage and Women’s Suffrage

5. Echoes of Revolution
• Conservativism
• Nationalism
• Socialisms

6. Conservativism
• Edmund Burke
– Gradualism and Incrementalism
– Family, Property
– Monarchy, Religion

7. Nationalism
• Reactive, definition in the face of
diversity
• Unity: Place, Language, Religion,
Culture, History, Destiny
• Nationalist Unification Movements:
– Germany, Italy
• Nationalist Liberation Movements:
– Greece, Serbia
• Romantic Nationalism:
– Herder and Grimm Brothers

8. Socialisms
• Utopian Socialists
– Charles Fourier, Robert Owen
• Social Organization
– Saint-Simon
– Chartists and Labor Unions
• Marx and Communism
– Hegelian Idealism --> Historical Materialism
– Proletariat v. Bourgeoisie

9. Abolitionism
• Religious Anti-slavery: Quakers
• Enlightenment writers ambivalent
• US Revolution and Constitution: debated
• French Revolution: Haitian independence
• Oluadah Equiano and growing British
movement
• 1808 British ban on Atlantic trade
• 1833 UK Slavery Abolition Act
• US Civil War

10. Radicals and Combinations
• Anarchism
– Romantic Optimism
– Leftist Criticism
– Violence
• Christian Socialists
• Liberal and Conservative Nationalisms
– Anti-Semitism and Zionism