1. Revival of the Church
+ The Crusades

2. Origins of Church Reforms (11th-13th
C)
 Corruption: wealth +
secular influence
 Church Revival: origin in
monasteries
 Monastery of Cluny (910) +
Cluniac reforms
 3 central problems: Married
priests, simony, + lay
investiture

3. New Religious Orders: The
Cisterians
 Origin + purpose
 Strict asceticism
 Agricultural innovations
 Carta Caritatis
 Bernard of Clairvaux

4. The Franciscan Order
 Friar vs. Monk
 St. Francis of Assisi
 Mystical visions
 Life of poverty
 Spreading the gospel +
serving the poor
 Poor Clares
 Stigmata

5. The Dominican Order
 Dominic
 Combating heresy
 Core values: education
and preaching
 Inquisitions
 Franciscans vs.
Dominicans
 Orders of Papal control

6. Papacy: A Religious Monarchy
 Leo XI
 Gregory VII (Hildebrand):
Papal Supremacy
 Henry IV: Investiture
Controversy
 Concordat of Worms (1122)
 The Curia + Canon Law

7. Innocent III: Height of the
Papacy
 Political authority:
power over Kings
 4th Lateran Council
(1215)
 Crusades
 Boniface VIII + Unam
Sanctam (1302): decline
of papacy

8. Heretics: Cathars + Waldensians
 Cathars: matter as evil
 Waldensians: virtue of
poverty
 Albigensian Crusade

9. The Crusades:
General Motivations + Causes
 Holy land: free from
Muslims
 Religious revivalism
 Difficulty of pilgrimage
 Seljuk Turks
 Great Schism (1054):
Reuniting Eastern +
Western churches

10. The 1st Crusade (1096-1099)
 Pope Urban II: Council of
Clermont (1095)
 Practical + spiritual appeals
 Peter the Hermit: People’s
Crusade
 Role of Emperor Alexius
 Defeat of the Muslims
 Orders of Knighthood:
Templars + Hospitalers

11. The 2nd Crusade (1147-1149)
 Muslims reunify: loss
of Edessa
 St. Bernard: call for
reconquest
 Saladin: Recapture of
Jerusalem

12. The 3rd Crusade (1189-1192)
 3 Kings lead
armies
 Capture of Acre
(1191)
 Saladin +
Richard: treaty

13. The 4th Crusade (1202-1204)
 Pope Innocent III:
recapture Jerusalem
 Attack on Zara
 New goal:
Constantinople
 Children’s Crusade

14. The Final 4 Crusades
 5th Crusade: Muslim
Egypt
 6th Crusade: Frederick II
+ power of negotiation
 7th + 8th Crusades:
Failures of Louis IX
 Loss of Christian
conquests

15. Consequences of the Crusades
 Christian-Muslim
interaction
 Consolidation of power
 Economic growth
 Ideological shift: self-
confidence
 Negative effects:
Butchery + East-West:
deterioration