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The CLEAR Dependency
                                 Stages Summer Meeting at ISI


                                 Martha Palmer, James Martin
                           Jinho D. Choi, Shumin Wu, Wei-Te Chen

                                University of Colorado Boulder
                                       August 2nd, 2012
                                    choijd@colorado.edu



Thursday, August 2, 2012
CLEAR Dependency Format
             •       Stanford dependency format
                   -       Provides rich dependency labels.

                   -       Does not consider information such as empty categories,
                           function tags, secondary dependencies, etc.


             •       CLEAR dependency format
                   -       Adapts the Stanford dependency format.

                   -       Remaps dependencies for empty categories.

                   -       Preserves function tags.

                   -       Preserves secondary dependencies.


                                                      2
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Contents
             •       CLEAR dependency labels
             •       Remapping empty categories
             •       Function tags
             •       Secondary dependencies




                                               3
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Label       Description                 Label        Description
                           ACOMP       Adjectival complement       NEG          Negation modifier
                           ADVCL       Adverbial clause modifier    NMOD∗        Modifier of nominal
                           ADVMOD      Adverbial modifier           NN           Noun compound modifier
                           AGENT       Agent                       NPADVMOD     Noun phrase as ADVMOD
                           AMOD        Adjectival modifier          NSUBJ        Nominal subject
                           APPOS       Appositional modifier        NSUBJPASS    Nominal subject (passive)
                           ATTR        Attribute                   NUM          Numeric modifier
                           AUX         Auxiliary                   NUMBER       Number compound modifier
                           AUXPASS     Auxiliary (passive)         OPRD∗        Object predicate
                           CC          Coordinating conjunction    PARATAXIS    Parataxis
                           CCOMP       Clausal complement          PARTMOD      Participial modifier
                           COMPLM      Complementizer              PCOMP        Complement of a preposition
                           CONJ        Conjunct                    POBJ         Object of a preposition
                           CSUBJ       Clausal subject             POSS         Possession modifier
                           CSUBJPASS   Clausal subject (passive)   POSSESSIVE   Possessive modifier
                           DEP         Unclassified dependent       PRECONJ      Pre-correlative conjunction
                           DET         Determiner                  PREDET       Predeterminer
                           DOBJ        Direct object               PREP         Prepositional modifier
                           EXPL        Expletive                   PRT          Particle
                           INFMOD      Infinitival modifier          PUNCT        Punctuation
                           INTJ∗∗      Interjection                QUANTMOD     Quantifier phrase modifier
                           IOBJ        Indirect object             RCMOD        Relative clause modifier
                           MARK        Marker                      ROOT         Root
                           META∗∗      Meta modifier                XCOMP        Open clausal complement

              Table 2.3: A list of the Clear reduction labels. Labels followed by ∗ are borrowed from the
                             93.65% error dependency of ∗∗  unclassified dependencies.
              CoNLL dependency approach. Labels followed by are newly introduced by the Clear dependency
              approach.                                    4
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Contents
             •       CLEAR dependency labels
             •       Remapping empty categories
                   -       Wh-movement

                   -       Topicalization

                   -       Discontinuous constituent

             •       Function tags
             •       Secondary dependencies




                                                   5
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Wh-Movement




                                6
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Topicalization: Non-recursive




                                         7
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Topicalization: Recursive




                                       8
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Discontinuous Constituent




                                       9
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Contents
             •       CLEAR dependency labels
             •       Remapping empty categories
             •       Function tags
                   -       Syntactic function tags

                   -       Semantic function tags

             •       Secondary dependencies




                                                     10
Thursday, August 2, 2012
typical Penn Treebank tags but used in some other Treebanks.


      A.1                  Function tags       Function Tags
                                                        Syntactic roles
                            ADV    Adverbial                    PUT    Locative complement of put
                            CLF    It-cleft                     PRD    Non-VP predicate
                            CLR    Closely related constituent RED∗ Reduced auxiliary
                            DTV    Dative                       SBJ    Surface subject
                            LGS    Logical subject in passive   TPC    Topicalization
                            NOM    Nominalization
                                                        Semantic roles
                            BNF    Benefactive                  MNR    Manner
                            DIR    Direction                    PRP    Purpose or reason
                            EXT    Extent                       TMP    Temporal
                            LOC    Locative                     VOC    Vocative
                                                 Text and speech categories
                            ETC    Et cetera                    SEZ    Direct speech
                            FRM∗   Formula                      TTL    Title
                            HLN    Headline                     UNF    Unfinished constituent
                            IMP    Imperative

                                         Table A.1: A list of function tags for English.


                                                              11
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Syntactic Function Tags




                                     12
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Semantic Function Tags




                                     13
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Contents
             •       CLEAR dependency labels
             •       Remapping empty categories
             •       Function tags
             •       Secondary dependencies
                   -       Gapping

                   -       Referent

                   -       Right node raising

                   -       Open clausal subject




                                                   14
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Gapping




                              15
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Referent




                             Referent dependencies are also
                           provided in PropBank as LINK-SLC.




                                          16
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Right Node Raising




                                   17
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Open Clausal Subject: Raising




                                        18
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Open Clausal Subject: Control




                                        19
Thursday, August 2, 2012
Open Clausal Subject: ECM




                                       20
Thursday, August 2, 2012

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The CLEAR Dependency

  • 1. The CLEAR Dependency Stages Summer Meeting at ISI Martha Palmer, James Martin Jinho D. Choi, Shumin Wu, Wei-Te Chen University of Colorado Boulder August 2nd, 2012 choijd@colorado.edu Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 2. CLEAR Dependency Format • Stanford dependency format - Provides rich dependency labels. - Does not consider information such as empty categories, function tags, secondary dependencies, etc. • CLEAR dependency format - Adapts the Stanford dependency format. - Remaps dependencies for empty categories. - Preserves function tags. - Preserves secondary dependencies. 2 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 3. Contents • CLEAR dependency labels • Remapping empty categories • Function tags • Secondary dependencies 3 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 4. Label Description Label Description ACOMP Adjectival complement NEG Negation modifier ADVCL Adverbial clause modifier NMOD∗ Modifier of nominal ADVMOD Adverbial modifier NN Noun compound modifier AGENT Agent NPADVMOD Noun phrase as ADVMOD AMOD Adjectival modifier NSUBJ Nominal subject APPOS Appositional modifier NSUBJPASS Nominal subject (passive) ATTR Attribute NUM Numeric modifier AUX Auxiliary NUMBER Number compound modifier AUXPASS Auxiliary (passive) OPRD∗ Object predicate CC Coordinating conjunction PARATAXIS Parataxis CCOMP Clausal complement PARTMOD Participial modifier COMPLM Complementizer PCOMP Complement of a preposition CONJ Conjunct POBJ Object of a preposition CSUBJ Clausal subject POSS Possession modifier CSUBJPASS Clausal subject (passive) POSSESSIVE Possessive modifier DEP Unclassified dependent PRECONJ Pre-correlative conjunction DET Determiner PREDET Predeterminer DOBJ Direct object PREP Prepositional modifier EXPL Expletive PRT Particle INFMOD Infinitival modifier PUNCT Punctuation INTJ∗∗ Interjection QUANTMOD Quantifier phrase modifier IOBJ Indirect object RCMOD Relative clause modifier MARK Marker ROOT Root META∗∗ Meta modifier XCOMP Open clausal complement Table 2.3: A list of the Clear reduction labels. Labels followed by ∗ are borrowed from the 93.65% error dependency of ∗∗ unclassified dependencies. CoNLL dependency approach. Labels followed by are newly introduced by the Clear dependency approach. 4 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 5. Contents • CLEAR dependency labels • Remapping empty categories - Wh-movement - Topicalization - Discontinuous constituent • Function tags • Secondary dependencies 5 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 6. Wh-Movement 6 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 7. Topicalization: Non-recursive 7 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 8. Topicalization: Recursive 8 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 9. Discontinuous Constituent 9 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 10. Contents • CLEAR dependency labels • Remapping empty categories • Function tags - Syntactic function tags - Semantic function tags • Secondary dependencies 10 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 11. typical Penn Treebank tags but used in some other Treebanks. A.1 Function tags Function Tags Syntactic roles ADV Adverbial PUT Locative complement of put CLF It-cleft PRD Non-VP predicate CLR Closely related constituent RED∗ Reduced auxiliary DTV Dative SBJ Surface subject LGS Logical subject in passive TPC Topicalization NOM Nominalization Semantic roles BNF Benefactive MNR Manner DIR Direction PRP Purpose or reason EXT Extent TMP Temporal LOC Locative VOC Vocative Text and speech categories ETC Et cetera SEZ Direct speech FRM∗ Formula TTL Title HLN Headline UNF Unfinished constituent IMP Imperative Table A.1: A list of function tags for English. 11 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 12. Syntactic Function Tags 12 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 13. Semantic Function Tags 13 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 14. Contents • CLEAR dependency labels • Remapping empty categories • Function tags • Secondary dependencies - Gapping - Referent - Right node raising - Open clausal subject 14 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 15. Gapping 15 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 16. Referent Referent dependencies are also provided in PropBank as LINK-SLC. 16 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 17. Right Node Raising 17 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 18. Open Clausal Subject: Raising 18 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 19. Open Clausal Subject: Control 19 Thursday, August 2, 2012
  • 20. Open Clausal Subject: ECM 20 Thursday, August 2, 2012