The last session begins with the resistance to Hitler and its last failure, 20 Juli 44. It takes the story to the end of the 12-Year Reich.

1. The 12-Year Reich
1933-1945
Session 6
Hitler Brought Down, Nemesis, 1944-1945

2. For Further Study
Antony Beevor. The Fall of Berlin 1945.
Saul Friedländer. The Years of
Extermination; Nazi Germany and the Jews,
1939-1945. NYC: Harper Collins, 2007.
John Keegan. The Second World War.
Ian Kershaw, vol II, Chap. 15 - Epilogue, pp.
702-841.

3. Key points from Session 5
Hitler fought on but was clearly shaken and diminished
after Stalingrad. His popularity plummeted.
Goebbels’ call for “Total War” produced some desperate
efforts but also was answered by resistance.
after North Africa, the Allies invaded Italy. There they
encountered stiff German resistance after Italy collapsed.
Hitler hoped his Kursk offensive would regain the
initiative after Stalingrad. Instead, it had the opposite
effect.
D-Day, 6 June 1944, marked the beginning of the end. But
there would be a long road ahead.
the 20.juli.44 bomb plot was “an honourable defeat” and
marked the end of German resistance to Hitler

6. Unbeugsamer
Glaube
undoubting belief
fanatischer
Siegeswille
fanatical “victory will”
still Hitler’s “script”
even after Stalingrad

7. Unbeugsamer
Glaube
undoubting belief
fanatischer
Siegeswille
fanatical “victory will”
still Hitler’s “script”
even after Stalingrad

9. Sophie Scholl

10. the White Rose

11. frame from the film “Sophie Scholl”

13. dead German paratrooper

20. The 12-Year Reich
1933-1945
Session 6
Hitler Brought Down, Nemesis, 1944-1945

21. For Further Study
Antony Beevor. The Fall of Berlin 1945.
Saul Friedländer. The Years of
Extermination; Nazi Germany and the Jews,
1939-1945. NYC: Harper Collins, 2007.
John Keegan. The Second World War.
Ian Kershaw, vol II, Chap. 15 - Epilogue, pp.
702-841.

22. Key points from Session 5
Hitler fought on but was clearly shaken and diminished
after Stalingrad. His popularity plummeted.
Goebbels’ call for “Total War” produced some desperate
efforts but also was answered by resistance.
after North Africa, the Allies invaded Italy. There they
encountered stiff German resistance after Italy collapsed.
Hitler hoped his Kursk offensive would regain the
initiative after Stalingrad. Instead, it had the opposite
effect.
D-Day, 6 June 1944, marked the beginning of the end. But
there would be a long road ahead.
the 20.juli.44 bomb plot was “an honourable defeat” and
marked the end of German resistance to Hitler

29. SOVIET CITIZENS
AND CITIZENS OF THE
OCCUPIED GERMAN DISTRICTS
HELP THE PARTISANS IN THEIR STRUGGLE
AGAINST THE GERMANS. YOU ALSO FIGHT THE GERMANS.
DEATH TO THE GERMAN OCCUPIERS!

30. the White
Rose
leaflet

31. BEAT THE ENEMY UNTIL HE’S ENTIRELY DESTROYED!

33. Deadly
Business

35. more Soviet partisans

36. Soviet
leaflet
urging
German
soldiers
to
surrender

38. The 12-Year Reich
1933-1945
Session 6
Hitler Brought Down, Nemesis, 1944-1945

39. For Further Study
Antony Beevor. The Fall of Berlin 1945.
Saul Friedländer. The Years of
Extermination; Nazi Germany and the Jews,
1939-1945. NYC: Harper Collins, 2007.
John Keegan. The Second World War.
Ian Kershaw, vol II, Chap. 15 - Epilogue, pp.
702-841.

40. Key points from Session 5
Hitler fought on but was clearly shaken and diminished
after Stalingrad. His popularity plummeted.
Goebbels’ call for “Total War” produced some desperate
efforts but also was answered by resistance.
after North Africa, the Allies invaded Italy. There they
encountered stiff German resistance after Italy collapsed.
Hitler hoped his Kursk offensive would regain the
initiative after Stalingrad. Instead, it had the opposite
effect.
D-Day, 6 June 1944, marked the beginning of the end. But
there would be a long road ahead.
the 20.juli.44 bomb plot was “an honourable defeat” and
marked the end of German resistance to Hitler

41. Forward!
Victory is near!

42. Hero
City
Lenin-
grad

43. fallen Soviet soldier

48. panorama of Stalingrad across the Volga

49. the second Russian winter

50. German & Romanian POWs, Feb, 1943

51. All Hail the 25th anniversary
of the Leninist-Stalinist KomSoMol
(League of Communist Youth)

52. Now, VOLK,
arise
and
storm break
forth!
from Goebbels’ “Total War” speech, 18.februar.1943

54. This was the Allied
first blow ... propaganda
leaflet

56. The 12-Year Reich
1933-1945
Session 6
Hitler Brought Down, Nemesis, 1944-1945

57. For Further Study
Antony Beevor. The Fall of Berlin 1945.
Saul Friedländer. The Years of
Extermination; Nazi Germany and the Jews,
1939-1945. NYC: Harper Collins, 2007.
John Keegan. The Second World War.
Ian Kershaw, vol II, Chap. 15 - Epilogue, pp.
702-841.

58. Key points from Session 5
Hitler fought on but was clearly shaken and diminished
after Stalingrad. His popularity plummeted.
Goebbels’ call for “Total War” produced some desperate
efforts but also was answered by resistance.
after North Africa, the Allies invaded Italy. There they
encountered stiff German resistance after Italy collapsed.
Hitler hoped his Kursk offensive would regain the
initiative after Stalingrad. Instead, it had the opposite
effect.
D-Day, 6 June 1944, marked the beginning of the end. But
there would be a long road ahead.
the 20.juli.44 bomb plot was “an honourable defeat” and
marked the end of German resistance to Hitler

59. THE FRONT DRAWS NEARER

60. TRUE TO HIS OATH
SLAIN IN THE STRUGGLE FOR THE
FREEDOM OF GREATER GERMANY
NCO Hans Ristaü
on 17.7.1944
THE HERO’S DEATH FOR
FUEHRER•VOLK AND VATERLAND

62. 20.juli.44

63. 57,000 German POWS paraded thru Moscow
May, 1944

73. The 12-Year Reich
1933-1945
Session 6
Hitler Brought Down, Nemesis, 1944-1945

74. For Further Study
Antony Beevor. The Fall of Berlin 1945.
Saul Friedländer. The Years of
Extermination; Nazi Germany and the Jews,
1939-1945. NYC: Harper Collins, 2007.
John Keegan. The Second World War.
Ian Kershaw, vol II, Chap. 15 - Epilogue, pp.
702-841.

75. Key points from Session 5
Hitler fought on but was clearly shaken and diminished
after Stalingrad. His popularity plummeted.
Goebbels’ call for “Total War” produced some desperate
efforts but also was answered by resistance.
after North Africa, the Allies invaded Italy. There they
encountered stiff German resistance after Italy collapsed.
Hitler hoped his Kursk offensive would regain the
initiative after Stalingrad. Instead, it had the opposite
effect.
D-Day, 6 June 1944, marked the beginning of the end. But
there would be a long road ahead.
the 20.juli.44 bomb plot was “an honourable defeat” and
marked the end of German resistance to Hitler

86. gains of
Operation
Bagration,
summer
1944

87. the
Warsaw
uprising,
August,
1944

88. Thor 620 cm mortar

93. The 12-Year Reich
1933-1945
Session 6
Hitler Brought Down, Nemesis, 1944-1945

94. For Further Study
Antony Beevor. The Fall of Berlin 1945.
Saul Friedländer. The Years of
Extermination; Nazi Germany and the Jews,
1939-1945. NYC: Harper Collins, 2007.
John Keegan. The Second World War.
Ian Kershaw, vol II, Chap. 15 - Epilogue, pp.
702-841.

95. Key points from Session 5
Hitler fought on but was clearly shaken and diminished
after Stalingrad. His popularity plummeted.
Goebbels’ call for “Total War” produced some desperate
efforts but also was answered by resistance.
after North Africa, the Allies invaded Italy. There they
encountered stiff German resistance after Italy collapsed.
Hitler hoped his Kursk offensive would regain the
initiative after Stalingrad. Instead, it had the opposite
effect.
D-Day, 6 June 1944, marked the beginning of the end. But
there would be a long road ahead.
the 20.juli.44 bomb plot was “an honourable defeat” and
marked the end of German resistance to Hitler

99. fleeing the Reds, March, 1945

100. Dresden, February, 1945

101. Dresden, February, 1945

108. Soviet artillery firing on Berlin
April, 1945

109. by the Zoo
Flak tower
Panther with
night vision

110. Soviet “pass” to encourage
German deserters

111. unsuccessful deserter

113. Führersgeburtstag, 20.iv.45
Führer’s birthday, April 20, 1945

116. Berlin’s defenders as POWs

117. Berlin’s defenders as POWs

118. Keitel signs the surrender