1. ...THE BIOSPHERE...

2. Sub-topic 1 Investigating an Ecosystem

3. Ecosystem Made up of living and non living parts POND WOODLAND SOIL MOOR Abiotic Food availability Predation Temperature Light intensity Moisture Biotic

5. Quadrat Estimates the abundance of non moving organisms Throw randomly Count the number of squares an organism is found in Errors ? Non random throwing Counting the same organism over two squares Too few quadrats done

6. LMM Can measure both light intensity and moisture content of a particular area Errors ? Shadow Read wrong scale Stone Too few readings

7. Pitfall Trap Alcohol (if you The samples Killed) Pitfall Trap

8. More

10. Results Quadrat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Light Intensity A B C D E F G H H H Soil moisture 3 2 3 1 4 3 2 3 4 3 grass 6 8 8 10 15 20 23 25 25 25 Daisies 0 0 0 0 5 11 16 19 22 22 Sorrel 20 15 15 10 10 5 0 0 0 0

11. Tullgren

14. Sub-topic 2… How it works…. 3

17. Habitats

18. What is a habitat ?

22. Also we can change our clothes to best suit the temperature around us. White clothes reflect the heat Animal skin and fur act as insulators and keep heat in.

24. Energy Flow in a Habitat Plants trap energy converting it to biomass. Producers Plant biomass eaten by animals Primary Consumers Larger animals eat animals that eat plants Secondary Consumers All energy initially comes from the sun as light energy

26. Trophic levels

29. Food Web Write out four food chains found in the food web .

32. Pyramids of Numbers - examples 5000 Dandelions 100 Rabbits 1000 Pea Pods 100 Slugs 10 Frogs 1 Fox 1 Bird

33. Pyramid of Numbers 1 Partridge Now draw the pyramids of numbers for these food chains. 1 Pear Tree 3000 Greenfly 1000 Ladybirds 5000 Dandelions 100 Rabbits 1 Fox 500 Fleas

34. Pyramids of Numbers - examples 2 5000 Dandelions 100 Rabbits 3000 Greenfly 1000 Ladybirds 500 Fleas 1 Tree 1 Partridge 1 Fox

35. Pyramid of Biomass Biomass is how much dry mass is present in each trophic level. For this reason Biomass Pyramids always look the same .

37. Pyramid of Energy transfer

44. Write down what happens to the missing 90% of the energy in a deer ( Kudu) that is not transferred to the lion.

50. Match the words and phrases. A food chain shows Most food chains start with Plants are Animals are Animals that hunt and eat others are called Animals that are caught and eaten are called producers consumers predators prey a green plant what is eaten by what

54. Population Growth The growth rate of a population is the increase in the number of individuals over time. Exponential growth is when the number of individuals grows at a constant rate. Growing bacteria in a lab is a good example

55. Generation # of bacteria time 1 1 0 2 2 15min 3 4 30min 4 8 45min 5 16 1hr 6 32 75min 7 64 90min 8 128 105min 9 256 2hrs 10 512 11 1024 12 2048 13 4096 3hrs 14 8192 15 16,384 16 32,768 17 65,536 4hrs 18 131,072 19 262,144 20 524,288 21 1,048,576 5hrs

59. Reindeer

65. An example of Fungi You know

66. The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen in the air Denitrifying bacteria Eating Nitrates in the soil N 2 fixing bacteria waste NH 3 and its compounds Nitrates absorbed by roots N 2 fixing bacteria Decomposing Fertilisers Nitrifying bacteria Lightning Formation of oxides of nitrogen

67. Sub-Topic 3… Control and management

82. Oxygen Sag The oxygen decline and rise downstream from a point source is called the oxygen sag.