1. By learning, you will teach. By teaching you will understand. -A Latin Proverb BIOTECHNOLOGY(To Teachers & Students of Karnataka SSLC) DR. M. JAYAKARA BHANDARY DEPT. OF BOTANY & BIOTECHNOLOGY GOVERNMENT SCIENCE COLLEGE, KARWAR

2. Definition Applications of biological systems / processes / organisms to manufacturing (Products) or serviceindustries (Services).

3. BIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE + TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS = BIOTECHNOLOGY

4. HISTORY…. Old / Biotechnology – Bread making, wine making, fermentation, milk products, Even Idli Making

5. Modern Biotechnology 1980 onwards Genetic Engineering DNA Fingerprinting Plant Tissue Culture Cloning, etc.

6. GENETIC ENGINEERING Changing genetic material of an organism by transferring genes from other organisms Creating organisms with new genes/ characters – Genetically modified Organisms (GMO’s) or transgenic Organisms. Addition or Modification of characters of organisms

7. Recombinant DNA technology – Joining or combining genes from two or more organisms in the laboratory.

10. Genetically Engineered Tobacco Plant with Luceferene Gene Fire Fly (Luciferene gene)

11. Insulin Production by Bacteria Transfer of Insulin Gene Insulin producing Bacteria

13. DNA FINGERPRINTING Technique which helps in the establishment of identity of a person or organism based on uniqueness of DNA sequence. Every person’s DNA sequence is different from all others, like finger print or signatures.

14. Techniques… . Collection of DNA, cutting into pieces, Separation of pieces by Gel Electrophoresis, Processing of separated DNA bands which appear like ‘Bar Codes’.

15. DNA Fingerprinting

16. DNA fingerprint of a person Application : Detection of criminals, solving parental disputes

17. PLANT TISSUE CULTURE Technique of growing isolated plant tissues or cells in an artificial medium under aseptic conditions. Plant cells TOTIPOTENT. Each cell can Multiply and develop in to new plants when cultured. Growth medium: Nutrients, vitamins, hormones, agar

18. New Plantlets Medium

20. USES OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE Micropropagation – large number of plants in small space Disease free plant production Somatic hybridisation/cybrid production- Pomato Transgenic plant production – Nif gene transfer Pollen culture – haploid plants – Parthenocarpy – Protection of pure charecters. Shortening of Flowering Period – Rose?

22. Cloning Identicle/ exactly similar cells / organisms Plants produced by cuttings/ vegetative propagation are genetically similar – in vivoclones (Hibiscus, Rose, etc.) Tissue culture Plants – in vitro Clones Animals from cell of a single parent – in vitro method Dolly sheep – first animal clone produced by Ian Wilmut. Cloning is possible in frogs, rats, monkeys Xerox copies of parent animal (usually superior quality mother)

23. How Dolly was produced?

24. Applications of Biotechnology Agricultural Applications – new variety of crop plants, animal breeds Ex: Bt cotton, Golden Rice, Fast growing sheeps, Pigs

25. Applications of Biotechnology Biocatalysts (Enzymes- Stain removers in detergents) Biopolymers (Bioplastic – PHB from plants, Bacteria)

26. Applications of Biotechnology Pollution control – Bacteria to clean pollution Polluted/Waste water treatment (Bacterial Filters, Membrane Filters) Medical/Health benefits Cheaper and safer hormones (Insulin by bacteria, Growth hormones), vaccines (HbV vaccine), drugs (Blood clotting factor)

28. Limitations of Biotechnology Genetic engineered food may cause Health Problems (Bt cotton, corn , brinjal etc. have a toxic gene of bacteria) Pest resistant Bt plants also kill useful insects like butter flies, bees along with disease causing pest insects – ecological imbalance. Human cloning – Socially, Ethically Right?

29. THANK YOU I want to touch the FUTURE . Therefore, I have become a TEACHER. - Christa McAuliff jaikarb@yahoo.com 08382 – 222458 ®