nota

1. Solid and Hazardous Waste
By
Dr. Md. Shafiqur Rahman
UMK

2. Waste Management
Waste can be defined as
something which the original
owner or user no longer values,
and has been discarded or
discharged by the original owner
or user.

3. Waste Management
Waste can be categorised differently, but one way
of categorising waste is into the following:
Domestic waste
Commercial waste
Industrial waste
Mine waste
Hazardous waste
Health care waste
Agricultural waste

4. Waste Management
The waste management typically involves 5
stages:
Generation
Storage
Collection
Transportation
Disposal

5. Waste Management
Waste is usually found in solid or liquid form.
Solid waste is any waste that is hard or
solid and not water-like or liquid, for example;
broken glass, used plastic bags, left over food
and food remains, torn cloth, yard sweepings,
etc. are all called solid waste.

6. Waste Management
Good Practice in Solid Waste Management is
the collection and proper disposal of
solid waste in a systematic manner, regularly
and in time. Proper disposal includes:
recycling, composting, treatment, and
regulated dumping.

7. Waste Management
Uncontrolled burning of waste pollutes the air.
It may produce poisonous gases that might
cause diseases like cancer. Also, certain kinds
of waste like spraying cans can explode when
burn.

8. Waste Management
Uncontrolled burying of waste can pollute the
ground water and in turn the water you
drink. This also may produce poisonous gases
that might cause diseases like cancer, or
produce gases which might burst into flames.
Uncollected piles of garbage attract animals
and insects that can be harmful and can
spread diseases.

9. How to Deal With Solid Waste?
There are three global options for dealing with
waste.
1. The first option is to collect the waste and
transport it to a legal and wellprotected
dumpsite, where it can be disposed off. In
this case waste remains as waste.

10. How to Deal With Solid Waste
2. The second option is to re-use waste, or
recycle it. This includes composting of any
waste that can rot. In this option waste
becomes something useful again.

11. How to Deal With Solid Waste
3. The third option is the treatment of waste.
This includes controlled burning and
controlled burying of waste. In this case
waste can become a source of useful energy
for example in the form of heat or gas for
cooking.

12. Waste Management
The waste problem is also growing as:
more people means more waste production,
increase in industrial activities and
advancement in technology, means more
waste is produced, and a larger part of this
waste is hazardous,

16. Waste Management
A hazardous waste is defined as solid waste or
a combination of solid wastes which, because
of its quantity, concentration, or physical,
chemical, or infectious characteristics, may
pose a substantial hazard to human health or
the environment if improperly managed.

17. Waste Management
The disposal options for hazardous waste are
very limited. No hazardous waste may be
placed in a landfill. Hazardous waste may not
be burned except as part of a treatment
process at a regulated incinerator. Burying
hazardous waste on private or public
property is also prohibited. Hazardous wastes
may not be placed into septic tanks, sewer
systems, or surface or groundwater.

18. Waste Management
Hazardous waste is defined as
liquid, solid, contained gas, or sludge wastes
that contain properties that are dangerous or
potentially harmful to human health or the
environment. Learn how to properly manage
and dispose of hazardous waste.

19. Solid Wastes Solid waste is
useless, unwanted, and discarded material
lacking sufficient liquid content to be free-
flowing.

20. waste is primarily produced by farm
animals, slaughterhouses, and crop
harvesting. The mining industry is another
major producer of solid waste, generating
over 2 billion tons a year. Its solid waste
comes from the extraction, beneficiation
(preparation for smelting), and processing of
ores and minerals.

21. Solid waste management, which involves the
storage, collection, transportation, processin
g, recovery, and disposal of solid waste, has
been a daunting task.

22. Under the RCRA, the administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
required to publish guidelines for the
collection, storage, transportation,
treatment, and disposal of solid waste.

23. What are the restrictions on burning pesticide
containers?
Waste pesticide containers may be burned by
the following people: crop owners employees
of crop owners commercial pesticide
applicators hired by crop owners or their
employees.

24. Sustainable waste management
Knowing and reducing the lifecycle impacts
across the supply chain;
Using less material inputs (reduce, reuse,
recycle);
Using less toxic and more renewable materials;
and
Considering whether services can be
substituted for products.

25. Acute Hazardous Wastes (P-Listed Wastes)
Certain hazardous wastes are subject to higher
levels of regulation. These are acute
hazardous or “P-listed” wastes. With the
exception of a few pesticides, laboratories
are usually the only activities on a campus
that will generate these wastes. Examples
include arsenic
compounds, azides, cyanides, and osmium
tetroxide. The complete P-list is in 40 CFR
261.33.

26. Hazardous Waste Determination
A hazardous waste determination is the
decision that something is a
waste, followed by the decision that the
regulations consider it hazardous waste
or simply a solid waste.

27. Generator
The “generator” is the entity that creates the
waste. The vast majority of the liability
associated with hazardous waste lies with the
generator.. Generators may be required to
obtain a generator identification number
from EPA, using a specific notification form.

28. Site, Onsite, and Contiguous Property
EPA regulates generators geographically by
site, and this will factor into the
determination of generator status. In most
cases, the EPA definition of a “site” is a
contiguous property bounded by public
roads.

29. Notification
EPA requires that generators of hazardous
waste perform a one-time notification. This
notification uses a standard form that
requires description of the site and
hazardous waste codes generated at that site.

30. Waste Minimization
Waste minimization is any measure that
reduces the volume or toxicity of Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act–regulated
waste. It may include environmentally sound
recycling, reuse, or reclamation.

31. Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic
Chemicals (PBT Chemicals)
EPA defines the PBT chemical list It includes
mercury and pesticides such as Aldrin and
DDT.

32. Source Reduction
Source reduction is the practice of making
changes in operations that reduce the
amount of contaminants that enter a waste
stream or the environment prior to recycling,
treatment, or disposal while reducing the
hazards to health and the environment.

33. Health impacts of solid waste
Waste that is not properly managed, especially
excreta and other liquid and solid waste from
households and the community, are a serious
health hazard and lead to the spread of
infectious diseases

34. Health impacts of solid waste
Unattended waste lying around attracts
flies, rats, and other creatures that in turn
spread disease. Normally it is the wet waste
that decomposes and releases a bad odour.
This leads to unhygienic conditions and
thereby to a rise in the health problems.

35. Chronic diseases
Incineration operators are at risk of chronic
respiratory diseases, including cancers
resulting from exposure to dust and
hazardous compounds.

36. Accidents
Bone and muscle disorders resulting from the
handling of heavy containers. Infecting
wounds resulting from contact with sharp
objects. Poisoning and chemical burns
resulting from contact with small amounts of
hazardous chemical waste mixed with
general waste.
Source - Adapted from UNEP report, 1996

37. Impacts of solid waste on health
The group at risk from the unscientific disposal
of solid waste include – the population in
areas where there is no proper waste
disposal method, especially the pre-school
children; waste workers; and workers in
facilities producing toxic and infectious
material.

38. Social and economic problems
People can get seriously sick from badly
managed waste problems. If they have to
leave the community to spend time in
hospital, the patient and their families can be
badly affected by the separation.If waste is
managed well, the cost of fixing problems
does not become a burden.

39. Why waste management is important
Waste that is not properly managed can
create serious health or social problems
in a community

40. Pests and disease
Food waste attracts pests and vermin, like feral
pigs and rats. These pests and vermin can
start or spread disease in the community.
Piles of old garden waste and pieces of old
furniture left in yards can shelter vermin and
help them to breed. Dengue fever can be
spread by mosquitoes that breed in anything
that can hold water, like inside old car tyres,
litter and even old palm fronds lying on the
ground

41. Poison and pollution
Illegally dumped pesticides, motor oil and
other chemicals can contaminate
land, creeks, and water supplies. People
drinking or swimming in polluted water can
get sick. Councils are required by law to clean
up land contaminated with chemicals that
they dispose of. Chemical clean-ups can be
very.

42. Human waste and diseases
It is very important to keep human waste out
of water supplies. Human waste
(faeces, poo, kuma, urine, wee) contains
diseases that make people sick. Human waste
can get into the local water supplies from
leaking septic tanks, releasing contaminated
water from sewerage treatment plants, dirty
nappies, leaking sewerage pipes and people
using local creeks as a toilet