Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic Experiences
Behavior of Indian Investor: A Market Research
1.
2.
3. Bartlett's Test of Sphericity - This test tests the null hypothesis that the correlation matrix is an identity matrix. An identity matrix is a matrix in which all the diagonal elements are 1 and all off diagonal elements are 0. We are rejecting this null hypothesis at 99.99% confidence Interval. Hence the model passes the basic test to be able to give factor analysis results.
5. The values in this column indicate the proportion of each variable’s variance that can be explained by the retained factors. Variables with high values are well represented in the common factor space, while variables with low values are not well represented.
6. All the variables in our test are found to have high values, indicating that most of the variables are well represented by the founded factors.
7.
8. Initial Eigenvalues – Eigenvalues are the variances of the factors. Since we conducted our factor analysis on the correlation matrix, the variables are standardized, which means that each variable has a variance of 1, and the total variance is equal to the number of variables used in the analysis; in this case 20.
9. % of Variance - This column contains the percent of total variance accounted for by each factor. The top factor contributes for 19.6% and second factor contributes for 15% of the variation.
10. Cumulative % - This column contains the cumulative percentage of variance accounted for by the current and all preceding factors. The first 4 factors contribute for 54% and first five factors contribute for 60% of the variance.
11. Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings - The values in this column of the table represent the distribution of the variance after the varimax rotation. Varimax rotation tries to maximize the variance of each of the factors, so that the total amount of variance accounted for is redistributed over the seven extracted factors.
15. As expected, nothing more important as the fundamentals of a firm influence an investing decision. This factor includes key basics of the company like – Revenues, Profits, Book Value & Order Book among others. Hence an investor, if sure about fundamentals of the firm, will most probably put his/her money, and will not be influenced by other factors.
16. “ Goodwill & Social Incentive Influence” – Factor 2
17. The second influencing factor is the Corporate Social Responsibility & Ethics practiced in the firm. This is the factor which makes companies like Tata Sons and GE get all the market capitalization they get. It’s good to know that many investors will choose a ‘nice’ firm even if they have to compromise on some of their profits.
19. The third influencing factor is concerned with what people around the investor say. In everyday life, we tend to buy things depending on what our parents, friends or peers say/ want us to buy. Investing in shares is a similar case! However, this would be the case for new and inexperienced investors.
21. The forth important factor influencing investor decision is the publically available information, which also includes speculations. The vision and speeches of the founder or CEO, comments of news experts on a firm and prevailing market sentiments influence the investor decision to a large extend. Investors who do not evaluate the firm and are mostly involved in technical trading are influenced by this factor.
26. Hence people with no trading experience consider the fundamentals of the company as most important while investing money. One rationale for this can be that as a person gains trading experience, he/ she finds that the markets are driven more by sentiments than by fundamentals.
27. Cluster 3 has the highest average value for the ‘individual perspective’ like Ethics of the Firm, Corporate Social Responsibility and Product Affinity. It is observed from the descriptive statistics that cluster 3 has highest number of female respondents.
28. Hence female respondents are more influenced by the goodwill of the company, its products and social incentives, than what male respondents are influenced by.Appendix 1: The Questionnaire<br />Investor Behaviour<br />Top of Form<br />Age *<br />Gender * <br />Do you have any prior trading/ investment experience? * <br />1. What influence do the following factors have in your investment decision?<br />Individual perspective<br />1a. Product affinity/ aversion (eg. liquor / tobacco)<br />12345Least influencedMost influenced<br />1b. Ethics of the firm (eg: TATA)<br />12345Least influencedMost influenced<br />1c. Socially responsible firm (eg: Toyota Green initiative)<br />12345Least influencedMost influenced<br />1d. Charisma of the leader (eg: Mr. Ratan Tata, Mr. Azim Premzi, Mr. K.M.Birla)<br />12345Least influencedMost influenced<br />1e. National/ Regional Bias (affinity to Indian company over MNC)<br />12345Least influencedMost influenced<br />2. What influence do the following factors have in your investment decision?<br />Public Perspective<br />2a. Highlighted Stocks in News/ Print media<br />12345Least influencedMost influenced<br />2b. Expert comments of Media Analyst<br />12345Least influencedMost influenced<br />2c. Frequency of advertisement of product/ service on TV/ internet<br />12345Least influencedMost influenced<br />2d. Invest in government priority sector (eg: agriculture. alternative energy)<br />12345Least influencedMost influenced<br />2e. Influenced by prevailing sentiments in market/ investor community<br />12345Least influencedMost influenced<br />3. To what extend do advice/ recommendations from the following affect your investment decision?<br />Acquaintance Perspective<br />3a. Broker<br />12345Never affectsAlways affects<br />3b. Parents<br />12345Never affectsAlways affects<br />3c. Spouse<br />12345Never affectsAlways affects<br />3d. Peers/ Colleagues<br />12345Never affectsAlways affects<br />3e. Friends<br />12345Never affectsAlways affects<br />4. To what extend do you consider the following market fundamentals before investing?<br />Fundamental perspective<br />4a. Revenues/ Profit of the firm<br />12345Never considerAlways consider<br />4b. Book value of the firm<br />12345Never considerAlways consider<br />4c. Earnings per share of the firm<br />12345Never considerAlways consider<br />4d. Price Earnings ratio of the firm<br />12345Never considerAlways consider<br />4e. Order book/ future projects in hand<br />12345Never considerAlways consider<br />Bottom of Form<br />Appendix 2: Factor Analysis<br />Descriptive StatisticsMeanStd. DeviationAnalysis Nv12.581.29360v23.581.03060v33.331.11560v43.671.05260v52.501.06660v63.37.99160v73.67.79560v83.07.88060v92.931.16360v103.55.87260v113.27.91860v123.121.07560v132.851.11760v142.98.98360v153.12.97660v163.90.83860v173.57.87160v183.82.87360v193.90.75260v203.78.99360<br />KMO and Bartlett's TestKaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy..595Bartlett's Test of SphericityApprox. Chi-Square432.030df190Sig..000<br />Rotated Component MatrixaComponent1234567v1.717v2.824v3.704v4.464.525v5.717v6.576.484v7.867v8.849v9.571v10.669v11.760v12.427v13.510v14.807v15.743v16.760v17.779v18.802v19.796v20.667Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.a. Rotation converged in 15 iterations.<br />Appendix 2: Cluster Analysis<br /> C A S E 0 5 10 15 20 25 Label Num +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+<br /> 48 ─┐<br /> 59 ─┤<br /> 6 ─┤<br /> 27 ─┤<br /> 2 ─┼─┐<br /> 44 ─┤ │<br /> 46 ─┤ │<br /> 47 ─┤ ├───┐<br /> 39 ─┤ │ │<br /> 54 ─┘ │ │<br /> 18 ─┐ │ │<br /> 57 ─┼─┘ │<br /> 50 ─┘ ├─────────────────────────┐<br /> 33 ─┐ │ │<br /> 49 ─┤ │ │<br /> 29 ─┤ │ │<br /> 5 ─┼─┐ │ │<br /> 9 ─┘ ├───┘ │<br /> 14 ─┐ │ │<br /> 45 ─┼─┘ │<br /> 3 ─┘ ├───────────────┐<br /> 1 ─┐ │ │<br /> 12 ─┼─┐ │ │<br /> 19 ─┘ │ │ │<br /> 15 ─┐ ├─────┐ │ │<br /> 32 ─┤ │ │ │ │<br /> 31 ─┤ │ │ │ │<br /> 41 ─┼─┘ │ │ │<br /> 25 ─┤ │ │ │<br /> 34 ─┤ ├───────────────────────┘ │<br /> 38 ─┘ │ │<br /> 21 ─┐ │ │<br /> 42 ─┼───┐ │ │<br /> 26 ─┤ │ │ │<br /> 28 ─┘ │ │ │<br /> 7 ─┐ ├───┘ │<br /> 17 ─┼─┐ │ │<br /> 24 ─┤ │ │ │<br /> 37 ─┤ │ │ │<br /> 11 ─┤ ├─┘ │<br /> 13 ─┘ │ │<br /> 22 ─┐ │ │<br /> 30 ─┼─┘ │<br /> 35 ─┤ │<br /> 52 ─┤ │<br /> 8 ─┘ │<br /> 55 ─┐ │<br /> 56 ─┼───┐ │<br /> 58 ─┘ ├─────┐ │<br /> 40 ─┬───┘ │ │<br /> 51 ─┘ │ │<br /> 20 ─┐ ├─────────────────────────────────────┘<br /> 23 ─┤ │<br /> 16 ─┼───┐ │<br /> 36 ─┘ │ │<br /> 10 ─┐ ├─────┘<br /> 43 ─┤ │<br /> 4 ─┼───┘<br /> 53 ─┘<br />