A Body Area Network is formally defined by IEEE 802.15 as, "a communication standard optimized for low power devices and operation on, in or around the human body (but not limited to humans) to serve a variety of applications including medical, consumer electronics / personal entertainment and other" [IEEE 802.15]. In more common terms, a Body Area Network is a system of devices in close proximity to a person’s body that cooperate for the benefit of the user. This presentation was presented by Nawal KIshore Kundan under the guidance of Ms. Ancy Zacharia.

1. BODY AREA NETWORKS Guide: Ms. Ancy Zachariah By : NawalKishoreKundan Roll No. 48 Computer Science, SOE

2. Contents Introduction Body Sensor Network BAN Architecture Applications Challenges & Security Conclusions References

3. INTRODUCTION Formal Definition by IEEE 802.15 “a communication standard optimized for low power devices and operation on, in or around the human body (but not limited to humans) to serve a variety of applications including medical, consumer electronics / personal entertainment and other” A Body Area Network is a system of devices in close proximity to a person body that cooperate for the benefit of the user.

4. Data Rate vs Power

7. Managed BSN A managed body sensor network (MBSN) is defined as a system where the third party makes decisions based the data collected from one or many BSN. Eg. MobiHealth & CodeBlue

9. Autonomous BSN Autonomous body sensor networks (ABSN) and MBSN share the same goals, but they accomplish them in different ways. ABSN introduce actuators in addition to the sensors to allow the BSN to effect change on the users body.

10. Autonomous BSN

11. BAN Architecture Hardware Architecture Software Architecture Characteristics

12. Hardware Architecture of BAN BAN network (in general terms) is also known as Wireless BAN or Body Sensor Network (BSN) An application technology aimed at improving user comfort. Devices used: Sensor node Actuator node Personal device

13. Sensor Node: Gathers data on physical stimuli, processes the data if necessary and reports this information wirelessly. Consists of several components: Sensor hardware A power unit A processor, memory and A transmitter or transceiver. Eg : i Rhythm

14. Actuator Node: Acts according to data received from sensors / through interaction with the user. Components similar to sensors: Actuator hardware (e.g. hardware for medicine administration, including a reservoir to hold the medicine) A power unit, a processor, memory and A receiver or transceiver

15. Personal Device: Gathers all the information acquired by the sensors and actuators Informs User (i.e. the patient, a nurse, a doc etc.) via an external gateway, an actuator or a display/LEDS on the device. Components: A power unit, a (large) processor, memory and a transceiver. Also called a Body Control Unit (BCU) , body gateway or a sink. E.g.: PDA

16. Software Architecture of BAN Software have a well-defined interface to integrate hardware and application programs. Software include three levels: firmware, OS and application software stacks. OS can be Symbian OS, Android OS, Blackberry OS, Windows mobile etc.

18. Characteristics of BAN Energy efficiency Simple nodes Heterogeneous nodes Cost structure Combination of a wireless network and a wired network

20. Sports and Fitness Monitoring

21. Wireless Audio

22. Mobile Device Integration

23. Personal Video Devices

24. Military

25. Security

29. Monitoring

30. Heart rate

31. Body temperature

32. Sleep pattern

33. Glucose level

35. Obsolete technology

36. Inefficient and Not User Friendly

37. Lots of wires

38. Soon to be buried

40. Fitness Monitoring Central device is MP3 player Wireless headset included Expand functionality Speed, distance Heart rate, respiration monitor Temperature sensor Pacing information Location information Wristwatch display unit Etc. Total system load < 500 kbps Synchronization may go faster

41. Wearable Audio Central device is headset Stereo audio, microphone Connected devices Cellular phone MP3 player, PDA CD audio player AP at home Handsfreecar Remote control Others Requires priority mechanism Network load < 500 kbps

42. Mobile Device Centric Mobile terminal is central point Covers broad set of data Sensors – vital, other Headset Peripheral devices Handsfree / car Provide gateway to outside Offload sensor data, other Requires priority mechanism Network load < 500 kbps

43. Personal Video Central device is video camera Camera sensor, recording, display Stream video content SDTV, HDTV Connect other devices Personal storage device Playback device with large display Remote beamfinder Location information (meta data) Mobile communications device (MMS) Home media server (sync) Total traffic load: 10 – 60 Mbps

44. Remote Control & I/O Devices Remote control device Increase consumer convenience Makes headset control practical Stand-alone vs shared function Combine with wristwatch display Printers Identification, storage Wireless pen Complement BAN functionality

46. System Devices

47. System and Device level Security

48. Invasion of Privacy

49. Sensor Validation

51. PERSONAL DEVICE- ORIENTED SECURITY THREATS Stolen personal device. Outdated Application software. Unprepared communication shutdown Misreading Input error

52. Conclusions BANs are enabling human-centric sensing for a variety of intriguing applications in healthcare, fitness and entertainment. But such networks must demonstrate enough value for users to overcome inhibitions related to inconvenience and general discomfort Also the promise of this technology should not be restricted to one area. Fitness and entertainment are taking new directions.

53. The architecture that captures body motion for medical assessment is equally adept at capturing body motion for a videogame. New sensors will only increase the breadth of potential applications and market opportunities and propel this technology into applications formerly depicted only in science fiction.

54. References i. IEEE CONFERENCES Introduction of SG-BAN in IEEE 802.15 with Related Discussion Huan-Bang Li; Kohno, R Ultra-Wideband, 2007. ICUWB2007. IEEE International Conference on Digital Object identifier: 10.1109/ICUWB.2007.4380929 Publication Year: 2007, Page(s): 134 – 139. II. Schmidt et al., "Body Area Network BAN--a key infrastructure element for patient-centred medical applications," BiomedizinischeTechnik. Biomedical engineering 2002, p365-368 III. Microsoft, "Method and apparatus for transmitting power and data using the human body," Patent No: 6,754,472