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Agricultural and
Industrial revolutions
     “Growing” an economy
Introduction of Dutch techniques

❖   Cornelius Vermuyden
    (knighted in
    1629)brought new
    technology to
    encourage:

❖   Irrigation

❖   Drainage

❖   Changes in river
    directions
Jethro Tull
❖   Introduced Seed Drill to
    England in 1701
Charles Townshend

❖   English politician

❖   Introduced four-field crop
    rotation (wheat, barley, turnips,
    clover) to feed people and
    livestock from all fields with no
    fallow
Bakewell and Coke


❖   Selective breeding of
    healthy and sturdy
    livestock
Inclosure Acts 1750-1845

❖   7 million public acres enclosed for private use

❖   21% of English farmland enclosed

❖   Fewer workers needed per acre due to new technology

❖   Large-scale migration to urban areas resulted, with
    unemployment and urban slums as a result
Newcomen’s Steam Engine

❖   Designed in 1712 to draw lying
    water out of mines

❖   could get water out from a depth
    of 150 feet

❖   Did the job of 500 horses

❖   Not the most efficient machine
    ever!
Watt’s Steam Engine

❖   Finished in
    1775

❖   Replaced
    Newcomen’s

❖   Made by Watt
    and Boulton
Euroargiandindusrev
Flying Shuttle


  made by John Kay of
      Lancashire
Spinning Jenny
Made by James Hargraves in Lancashire
Arkwright’s Water Frame


     ❖   Richard
         Arkwright
         of Preston,
         Lancashire
Spinning Mule
by Samuel Crompton
    of Lancashire
A Lancashire Cotton Mill
The production of iron
Portland Cement
Canals
Viaducts
The Rocket! 1830
Liverpool-Manchester Railway
John MacAdam makes “tarmac”


        ❖   Adding tar to
            concrete to make
            pavement

        ❖   Scottish inventor
Slave labor conditions
Robert Owen
Euroargiandindusrev
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Crystal Palace

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