1. Philippines under the American Colony Philippine History Lecture Third Quarter

2. American Colonial Policy They promised to train the Filipinos in Democracy and Self-Government. They want the Philippines to stand on its own as a free and independent nation They shared power with the Filipinos in the government. Human Rights were protected. They developed the economy, improved hygiene and sanitation, and introduced the public school system.

3. American Colonial Government Military Government (August 1898-July 1901) Gen. Wesley Merritt Gen. Elwell Otis Gen. Arthur MacArthur (Father of Douglas MacArthur) Civil Government (July 1901-August 1902) The Philippine Commission The American Gov. Gen. together with the Philippine Assembly or the Philippine Legislature The Commonwealth of the Philippines

4. Contributions of the Americans to the Philippines Economic Progress: Population Explosion New Land Policy Friars land were resold to Filipino farmers Homestead Act of 1924 allowed Filipinos to own up to 24 hectares of public land Torrens titles were given to the land owner

5. Contributions of the Americans to the Philippines Agriculture Increase In 1902, the Bureau of Agriculture became the first gov’t agency in the Philippines Free Trade America Business Flourished New Industries Improvement of Transportation and Communications Better Budget New Banks International Exhibitions and Meetings

6. Economic Problems We sold our raw materials cheap and bought expensive manufactured goods from America. Colonial Mentality Labor and peasant unrest spread in 1920s and 1930s American Capitalists and businessmen controlled the new companies

7. Other American contributions Religious Freedom Training in Democracy Free Education Better Health Service Introduction of the English Language Free Press Democratic Family Life and Social Classes Emancipation of Women Recreation, Movies, Theater, Arts and Science

9. In 1902, the (2) _________________ became the first gov’t agency in the Philippines.

10. The two types of American Colonial government implemented in the Philippines were (3)__________________ and (4) ________________.

13. The Filipinos carried on the fight for freedom in three ways:

14. Theater and Literature

15. Peasant revolts and Communist Party of the Philippines

17. Banned by the Americans

18. examples: TanikalangGintoby Juan Abad and Kahapon, Ngayon and Bukas by Aurelio Tolentino

19. Tagalog writers wrote about the sufferings of the people.

20. Lope K.Santos wrote Banaag at Sikatin 1935

21. Amado V. Hernandez was both writer and labor leader

23. Sakdalitas: peasant revolt that took place in 1935

24. Benigno Ramos: a popular writer and orator who founded the newspaper and a political party named Sakdal

25. The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)

26. Founded in Manila by Cristano Evangelista on August 1930

28. Sent independent missions in the US from 1919-1935 in the hope of urging the American Congress to grant independence to the Philippines.

30. Political debate took place between the group of Senate President Manuel Quezon who were in favor of the HHC Law against the Anti-HHC Law headed by Osmeña & Roxas. This marked the split of the Nacionalista Party.

32. The law provided that the Philippines would be independent in ten years time.

34. The delegates met for the first time on July 30, 1934.

35. Claro M. Recto was elected as convention president.

36. On February 08, 1935, the new constitution was approved by the majority of the delegates

37. March 23, 1935, Pres. Franklin Roosevelt signed the constitution

38. The 1935 Constitution was ratified by the Filipino people in a plebiscite on May 04, 1935

40. Manuel Quezon won as President and Sergio Osmeña as Vice President

41. November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth was inaugurated in Luneta

42. Manuel Quezon was re-elected for another term on November 1941

43. The Commonwealth of the Philippines existed from 1935-1946. It was semi-independent government of the Filipinos under the American colony.

44. “I would rather have a government run like hell by Filipinos than a government run like heaven by Americans.”- President Quezon

45. The experiment in this Democracy was interrupted by the Second World War

48. December 07 Discussion: World War II

49. December 10 Discussion: Japanese in the Philippines

50. December 11 PT 1Activity and Deadline of all PPTs

51. December 12 Review for the Long Test

52. December 14 LONG TEST 3.2 and Deadline of the Group PT