2.  A forest is a community of trees, shrubs, herbs, and
associated plants and organisms that cover a considerable
area that use oxygen , water and soil nutrients as the
community attains maturity and reproduces itself.
“Lungs of the earth.” The world’s environment owes much of
its state of health to the presence of forests. So too does
human survival and welfare.

3. Occupying almost all parts of the country, the great
forest belts are divided into distinct types:
1) primary or virgin forests in lowlands, like
mangrove, dipterocarp, and molave forests
molave forest mangrove forest

4. 2) Secondary forests- developed from virgin
forests through succession by illegal logging or the
kaingan system, the system in setting the forest on
fire for cropping.
3) Grasslands and open country- developed from and to
secondary forests
4) Parang vegetation- grasslands with patches of
secondary forest tree species
5) Bamboo thickets
6) Cultivated fields

5. The original forests of the
Philippines covered nearly half
our land about 145,973.30 square
kilometers.

6. WILD LIFE
- means the native animals of a region
ENDANGERED SPECIES
-These are the species, which are in danger
of extinction and which may not survive if the
adverse factors continue to rotate.

7. - The species likely to move into the
endangered category in the near future if the
causal adverse factors continue to operate.
REAR SPECIES
- These are the species with small
population in the world and are at risk.

8. THREATENED SPECIES
- These are Species, which are in any one of
the Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare Species
categories.

9.  Flora is a word of Latin origin
referring to Flora, the goddess of
flowers.
 Fauna can refer to the animal life
or classification of animals of a
certain region, time period, or
environment.

10. Advantages
 Acts as a wind barrier from heavy winds
 Provides medicinal remedies
 Recreation
 Lumber for the construction
industry
 Promotes rainfall
 Prevents soil erosion
 Prevents flooding
 Maintains the composition of the
atmosphere
 Reduces noise pollution

11. Causes of Forest
Destruction

13.  Forests are often misused by
people. Immature trees are cut
down ruthlessly, destroying
living organisms and standing
timber, and consuming the
seeds of young trees. And fires,
as they destroy trees, cause soil
erosion and floods in the lower
areas.

14.  In the Philippines, setting the
forest on fire in preparation
for cropping is a practice
known as kaingan. Forest
fires are also caused by
arsonists, debris burners,
smokers and irresponsible
campers.

15.  Indiscriminate logging is another way by which humans
mismanage our forests. So many trees are cut down that
reforestation can not make up for the loss.

16. • Natural factors may also bring down forests
pests, grazing and gnawing animals, lightning that
may cause fires, and calamities like storms or strong
winds.

17. CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
a) Forest fires – caused by careless persons
b) Shifting cultivation which destroys large areas of
forests
c) Excessive logging activities
d) Housing which results in the destruction of trees
to meet people’s demand for shelter
e) Removal of vegetation for mining purposes

18.  Protection by law.
 Protected species of Phil. Wildlife.
 Establishment of sanctuaries and national parks.
 Natural habitat of wildlife should be carefully
protected.
 Shooting and hunting of endangered species should
be totally band.
 Research on wildlife should be encouraged.
 Public should be educated.

19. CONSERVATION OF FORESTS
1) Design certain areas as forest reserves
2) Controlled cutting of trees – this allows for only certain
mature trees to be logged
3) A massive reafforestation programme – that is replanting
trees in areas that were once forested areas
4) Education compaign to sensitize people of the importance of
forests
5) Strict and severe penalties for illegal lumbering

20. Dry hay or
Straw etc.
used as
animal
food. 1. They provide raw materials for certain
industry.
2. They provide food, fodder, fuel,
fertilizer and fiber.
3. They prevent soil erosion and preserve
the fertility of the soil.
4. They provide moisture and lower the
temperature.

21. 5. They are the home for many animals
and birds, thus , they preserve the
biodiversity.
6. They maintain the ecological balance.
7. They provide medicinal value resulting
in the making of many medicinal drugs.

22. 8. Forests also help to alleviate
psychological stress arising from the
trials of modern society.
9. They provide the opportunity for
relaxation and meditation – can lead to
the development of eco-tourism.

23. Lumber- Raw lumber has been one of Philippines’ major
exports. The apitong, tanguile, guijo, and narra forests supply
most of today’s construction lumber.
apitong tree narra tree

24.  Paper- Paper is produced
from pulpwood such as pine.
Distillation products-
Examples of these are
wood, alcohol, acetic
acid, lampblack, paints and
varnishes, and charcoal.
Other distillation products
can also be secured from
sugarcane, coconut, and nipa
palms..

25. Other Products- pine, bamboo, buri, sugar tanning
materials, and essential oils
In addition, forest trees provide food and shelter to
our animals.
Pine Essential oil
Bamboo

26.  PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 54
PENALTIES FOR ILLEGAL LOGGING
Any natural or juridical person who directly or indirectly cuts, declares, classifies,
possesses or exports logs in violation of existing laws, rules and regulations shall be penalized.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9175
An act regulating the ownership, possession, sale, importation and use of chain
saws, penalizing violations thereof and for other purposes.
 REPUBLIC ACT No. 3701
An act to discourage destruction of forests, further amending for the purpose
section twenty-seven hundred fifty-one of the revised administrative code.

27. Janilo Sarmiento
Julieta Ibanez
Lita Aurea Batilong
Usiel Apari
Sany Fe Tajale
Cherry Alaba
Ritchel Milagrosa
Jessa GumapacA