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eTernity – Towards the Next
 Generation of Textbooks
Jan M. Pawlowski, Fabrizio Cardinali, Tore Hoel

                  16.01.2013



 http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
Thanks to…
             Fabrizio Cardinali
             CEO eXact learning solutions North America & APAC
             Email: f.cardinali@exactls.com
             Twitter: @CardinaliF
             Web site: www.exact-learning.com




Chair of Technical Committee from 2000 to 2002
Board of Directors from 2009 to 2011
Founding member of IMS Europe                  Active Engagement in


SCORM 1.2 & SCORM 2004 Cowriter


    Open Knowledge Initiative – MIT
    Global Strategy Advisor


          Chair from 2010 to date, 3rd re-election
                                                                 eXact learning solutions © 2012
Jyväskylä, Finland




       Source: [http://www.jyu.fi/, http://www.jyvaskyla.fi/]
Global Information Systems
                    at the University of Jyväskylä


Focus areas                          Projects
  Global Information Systems            OpenDiscoverySpace: Open
  Supporting globally distributed       Content and Scenarios for Schools
  workgroups                            OpenScout: OER for Management
  Open Educational Resources            TELMAP: Technology Forecasting
  Reference Modeling                    NORDLET: Nordic Baltic Network
                                        for Learning, Education and
E-Learning                              Training
   Supporting international             COSMOS: Open Science
   education settings                   Resources: Exchange of Scientific
                                        Content
   Cultural adaptation
                                        ASPECT: Open Content and
   Standardization & Quality            standards for schools
   Management
                                        iCOPER: New standards for
   Mobile & Ambient Learning            educational technologies
   Innovative tools and solutions
From here…




                              http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
             Textbooks as a
             synonym for
             traditional,
             teacher-led,
             boring
             education…
...to eTernity
Re-inventing Books
Summarising 15 Years of educational publishing
                          Towards Next generation (Personal & Social)
                          Responsive Digital Textbooks Marchitectures
                eLearning 1.0: Formal                        eLearning 2.0: Informal             eLearning 3.0:
“traditional”           “traditional”   “traditional”           Grass Root Content                Responsive
 Pedagogy                 Contents       Publishing                Self Generated        Digital Textbooks Marchitectures

      Formal Learning                                                                      Informal Learning

                                                                                               Web 2.0 Viral &
           Performance & Talent                                                                Social Content
               Management                             Next Generation                           Distribution
                                              Digital Learning Marchitectures
                                                        & Ecosystems
            Skills & Competency
                management                                                                      Personal
                                                                                               Knowledge
                                                                                              Management
                Portfolio & Indentity           Motivate – Engage – Remediate Each one

                   Management

           Labor & Recruitement                                                                 Mobile &
               Management                          Personal Development                     Location Based
                                                          Plans                            Content Distribution

        © Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions
In simple words…
     eTextbooks as THE distribution channel, e.g. using ebook readers,
     tablets, smartphones




                                                                         http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
     eTextbooks must be
      – Adaptable / adaptive
      – Personalizable
      – Responsive
      – Flexible
      – Accessible
     What should be different to traditional textbooks?
      – Learning activities
      – Multimedia
      – Adaptation / re-authoring
      – (Re-)combination
      – Assessments
      – Collaboration
      – More to be discussed today 

     Freedom of Choice?!
     Ease of Use!

Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
eTextbooks around the world…
Strong developments in Asia
 – China has proposed an approach based
   on their national eTextbook/eSchoolbag
   specification
 – South Korea has a competing
   approach, based on a Digital Smart
   Content specification, which is a
   national profile of EPUB3 extended with
   IMS Question and Test Interoperability,
   IMS Tools Interoperability
   specifications, and other national
   specifications                          Time to
Few activities in Europe…                    Act!

Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
CEN Workshop Learning Technologies
    Started its activities in February 1999
    Development and use of relevant and appropriate standards for
    learning technologies for Europe
    Supporting European Stakeholders to engage in standardization
    activities and create European consensus
    Creating models, specifications, agreements, guidelines or
    recommendations
    Providing a forum for the development and implementation of
    requirements-driven Learning Technologies e.g. through the
    development of a network or test bed for interoperability testing or
    through the creation of reference examples
    Carefully examining and taking into account the various effects on
    learning and training technology standards which are due to the
    diversity of cultural backgrounds and languages that exists within
    Europe
    Publicizing the Learning Technologies Workshop's activities and
    results to Relevant European projects, Technology developers and
    End users
    Providing a forum for discourse and discussion for European project
    initiatives
    Encouraging participation in global initiatives in order to ensure that
    diverse European requirements are properly addressed by those
    global initiatives

Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
eTernity: Role of CEN WS LT
                 Bringing European Stakeholders together!




                                                                              http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
    A state of the art analysis on international initiatives, in particular
    DITA and EPUB3 from a publishing perspective, and activities within
    ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 WG6
      – a clear picture of related activities in particular in the e-book
         publishing sector,
    Requirement gathering of European stakeholders, in particular
    publishers, educational service providers and school networks
      – bring together current strategies of publishers and publishing
         standards (such as EPUB3 and DITA) and educational
         requirements
      – Ensuring that e-textbooks for learners can be enriched by
         educational services, supporting adapting activities, re-mixing,
         tracking, sequencing, licensing, etc
    Initial framework for adaptable e-books for learners: Based on the
    initial mappings, the CEN WS-LT will provide an initial abstract
    framework consisting of publishing standards and educational
    services as a basis for further standardization
    Discourse, consensus, position development, international
    participation!
    Collaboration with ISO/IEC
      – http://www.etextbook-standard.info/

Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
So why are we here?
Creating an initial understanding of several
communities, perspectives and interests
Developing a European perspective on
global issues
Understanding educational requirements in
the context of digital publishing
Creating common initiatives and work items

But most important: understanding each
other and entering discourse!
Managing change in Digital Textbooks Production
                       From here…
                               Authoring Tools           Learning Management Systems



                    Content                                                 Content
                   Producers                                                Curators




                                                                                        Content
                                                                                       Consumers


 Content
Providers




        © Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions
Managing change in Digital Textbooks Production
                         From here…
                                Authoring Tools               Learning Management Systems



                     Content                                                        Content
                    Producers                                                       Curators


                                   10 Most Common Pain Points

                  1. Difficult to find existing content from past or distant productions

                         2. Hard to re-use templates across content productions

                        3. Having to produce content again for every new device

                    4. Having to test integration with new or multiple LMS platforms
                                                                                                Content
                        5. Not easy to interoperate with existing HR and ERP data              Consumers

      6. Need to integrate content from multiple departments (i.e. Technical, Marketing, Training)
 Content
Providers Many content producers/vendors to coordinate, across different nations and languages
       7.

       8. A nightmare to manage large procurements processes for learning content production

              9. Need to transform procurement and production towards a single stream

     10.Need to standardize content production, course catalogues, access and delivery life cycles

    © Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions
To eTernity
                                A Sample Ecosystem
            Open External                                       Open External
             Repositories                                        Tool Services
                          Single Sign On (Authentication, Authorization)
                         Object Oriented
                         Xml Schemas
                Content
                                                                                                                 Content
               Producers
                                                                                                                 Curators




                                                                                         Business Intelligence
                                                                          Folksonomies
                                                             Taxonomies
                                                                                                                            Responsive
                         Object Oriented                                                                                     TextBook
                         Xml Stylesheets
 Content                                                                                                                      Content
Providers                                                                                                                    Consumers




                                                Workflows                                                        Learning
                                                                                                                 records



       © Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions
eTernity: Some initial thoughts….

    What are the key elements of a standard?




                                                 http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
    – Base standards: DITA, EPUB3, …
    – Learning technology standards: LOM, MLR,
      IMS LD/QTI, SCORM?
    – Technical standards: HTML5, XML, …
    How to design an open architecture…
    – Combination of standards
    – APIs
    – Application Profiles
    –…
    …and fulfill stakeholder interests
    – E.g. commercial vs open content
    How to align international activities?
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
Some issues to include
    Multi Channel Publishing
    Workflow-/activity embedding




                                                         http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
    Content structures and modularization
    Sequencing, tracking, monitoring
    Connecting heterogeneous systems: LMS, HR systems,
    ERP systems, administration systems, e-portfolio
    Learner profiles and data
    Re-combination of contents
     – Combination of open and commercial contents
    Personalization
     – Recommendations
     – Adaptation
     – Own learning pathways
    Rights / IPR
    Accessibility

    Ease of Use!!!
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
eTernity: Goals for today
    Understanding the basics
     – Current initiatives in business development and education
     – Current initiatives in standardization
    Standards
     – EPUB3, DITA, html5, …
     – ISO standards
    Working towards a European position
     – Mapped and related requirements gathering for education
        & publishing
     – Position statement
     – Contribution towards relevant global workgroups
    Action plan
     – Meeting schedule
     – Liaisons / collaborations
     – (Common) working groups
     – Proposal for CEN/ISSS WSLT
     – Project liaisons



Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
eTernity: CEN WSLT’s Plans
    Kicking off the initiative
     – Stakeholder meeting and initial
       requirements gathering
    Work item at CEN WS LT
     – F2F meeting every three months
     – Specific online meetings
     – Express your support:
       http://etextbookseurope.eu/?q=node/9
    Input towards ISO/EC JTC1 SC36
     – Meeting in Paris in March
     – Meeting in Moscow in September

Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
eTernity: Agenda
    Input statements
     – Publishing
     – Standards
     – Initiatives
    Coffee Breaks & Lunch 
    Workshops: Discussion on potentially relevant
    issues
     – Introduction of each stakeholder
     – (uncommented) collection of requirements
     – Requirements and solutions
           • E.g. allowing learning scenarios -> inclusion of
             learning designs / educational pathways
     – Ranking & Action planning
     – Summary presentation
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
Group Discussion
    Workshops Topics:
    – Scenarios and requirements following the
      lifecycle
    – Technical standards and architecture
    Group phases
    – (uncommented) collection of requirements for
      each phase / standards per issue (30 mins)
    – Developing possible scenarios and
      requirements (1h)
    – Possible solutions
           • E.g. allowing learning scenarios -> inclusion of
             learning designs / educational pathways
     – Ranking & Action planning (30 mins)
     – Summary presentation
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
www.etextbookseurope.eu

Jan M. Pawlowski            Fabrizio Cardinali
                                 Read our DITA blog post
                                 exact-learning.com/blog
  jan.pawlowski@jyu.fi
                                 Like us on   Facebook/
http://users.jyu.fi/~japawlow    exactlearningsolutions

                                 Follow us on Twitter
                                   @eXactlearning

                                 Email us at
                                 info@exactls.com

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Cen eternity20130116

  • 1. eTernity – Towards the Next Generation of Textbooks Jan M. Pawlowski, Fabrizio Cardinali, Tore Hoel 16.01.2013 http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
  • 2. Thanks to… Fabrizio Cardinali CEO eXact learning solutions North America & APAC Email: f.cardinali@exactls.com Twitter: @CardinaliF Web site: www.exact-learning.com Chair of Technical Committee from 2000 to 2002 Board of Directors from 2009 to 2011 Founding member of IMS Europe Active Engagement in SCORM 1.2 & SCORM 2004 Cowriter Open Knowledge Initiative – MIT Global Strategy Advisor Chair from 2010 to date, 3rd re-election eXact learning solutions © 2012
  • 3. Jyväskylä, Finland Source: [http://www.jyu.fi/, http://www.jyvaskyla.fi/]
  • 4. Global Information Systems at the University of Jyväskylä Focus areas Projects Global Information Systems OpenDiscoverySpace: Open Supporting globally distributed Content and Scenarios for Schools workgroups OpenScout: OER for Management Open Educational Resources TELMAP: Technology Forecasting Reference Modeling NORDLET: Nordic Baltic Network for Learning, Education and E-Learning Training Supporting international COSMOS: Open Science education settings Resources: Exchange of Scientific Content Cultural adaptation ASPECT: Open Content and Standardization & Quality standards for schools Management iCOPER: New standards for Mobile & Ambient Learning educational technologies Innovative tools and solutions
  • 5. From here… http://www.etextbookseurope.eu Textbooks as a synonym for traditional, teacher-led, boring education…
  • 7. Summarising 15 Years of educational publishing Towards Next generation (Personal & Social) Responsive Digital Textbooks Marchitectures eLearning 1.0: Formal eLearning 2.0: Informal eLearning 3.0: “traditional” “traditional” “traditional” Grass Root Content Responsive Pedagogy Contents Publishing Self Generated Digital Textbooks Marchitectures Formal Learning Informal Learning Web 2.0 Viral & Performance & Talent Social Content Management Next Generation Distribution Digital Learning Marchitectures & Ecosystems Skills & Competency management Personal Knowledge Management Portfolio & Indentity Motivate – Engage – Remediate Each one Management Labor & Recruitement Mobile & Management Personal Development Location Based Plans Content Distribution © Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions
  • 8. In simple words… eTextbooks as THE distribution channel, e.g. using ebook readers, tablets, smartphones http://www.etextbookseurope.eu eTextbooks must be – Adaptable / adaptive – Personalizable – Responsive – Flexible – Accessible What should be different to traditional textbooks? – Learning activities – Multimedia – Adaptation / re-authoring – (Re-)combination – Assessments – Collaboration – More to be discussed today  Freedom of Choice?! Ease of Use! Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
  • 9. eTextbooks around the world… Strong developments in Asia – China has proposed an approach based on their national eTextbook/eSchoolbag specification – South Korea has a competing approach, based on a Digital Smart Content specification, which is a national profile of EPUB3 extended with IMS Question and Test Interoperability, IMS Tools Interoperability specifications, and other national specifications Time to Few activities in Europe… Act! Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
  • 10. CEN Workshop Learning Technologies Started its activities in February 1999 Development and use of relevant and appropriate standards for learning technologies for Europe Supporting European Stakeholders to engage in standardization activities and create European consensus Creating models, specifications, agreements, guidelines or recommendations Providing a forum for the development and implementation of requirements-driven Learning Technologies e.g. through the development of a network or test bed for interoperability testing or through the creation of reference examples Carefully examining and taking into account the various effects on learning and training technology standards which are due to the diversity of cultural backgrounds and languages that exists within Europe Publicizing the Learning Technologies Workshop's activities and results to Relevant European projects, Technology developers and End users Providing a forum for discourse and discussion for European project initiatives Encouraging participation in global initiatives in order to ensure that diverse European requirements are properly addressed by those global initiatives Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
  • 11. eTernity: Role of CEN WS LT Bringing European Stakeholders together! http://www.etextbookseurope.eu A state of the art analysis on international initiatives, in particular DITA and EPUB3 from a publishing perspective, and activities within ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 WG6 – a clear picture of related activities in particular in the e-book publishing sector, Requirement gathering of European stakeholders, in particular publishers, educational service providers and school networks – bring together current strategies of publishers and publishing standards (such as EPUB3 and DITA) and educational requirements – Ensuring that e-textbooks for learners can be enriched by educational services, supporting adapting activities, re-mixing, tracking, sequencing, licensing, etc Initial framework for adaptable e-books for learners: Based on the initial mappings, the CEN WS-LT will provide an initial abstract framework consisting of publishing standards and educational services as a basis for further standardization Discourse, consensus, position development, international participation! Collaboration with ISO/IEC – http://www.etextbook-standard.info/ Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
  • 12. So why are we here? Creating an initial understanding of several communities, perspectives and interests Developing a European perspective on global issues Understanding educational requirements in the context of digital publishing Creating common initiatives and work items But most important: understanding each other and entering discourse!
  • 13. Managing change in Digital Textbooks Production From here… Authoring Tools Learning Management Systems Content Content Producers Curators Content Consumers Content Providers © Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions
  • 14. Managing change in Digital Textbooks Production From here… Authoring Tools Learning Management Systems Content Content Producers Curators 10 Most Common Pain Points 1. Difficult to find existing content from past or distant productions 2. Hard to re-use templates across content productions 3. Having to produce content again for every new device 4. Having to test integration with new or multiple LMS platforms Content 5. Not easy to interoperate with existing HR and ERP data Consumers 6. Need to integrate content from multiple departments (i.e. Technical, Marketing, Training) Content Providers Many content producers/vendors to coordinate, across different nations and languages 7. 8. A nightmare to manage large procurements processes for learning content production 9. Need to transform procurement and production towards a single stream 10.Need to standardize content production, course catalogues, access and delivery life cycles © Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions
  • 15. To eTernity A Sample Ecosystem Open External Open External Repositories Tool Services Single Sign On (Authentication, Authorization) Object Oriented Xml Schemas Content Content Producers Curators Business Intelligence Folksonomies Taxonomies Responsive Object Oriented TextBook Xml Stylesheets Content Content Providers Consumers Workflows Learning records © Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions
  • 16. eTernity: Some initial thoughts…. What are the key elements of a standard? http://www.etextbookseurope.eu – Base standards: DITA, EPUB3, … – Learning technology standards: LOM, MLR, IMS LD/QTI, SCORM? – Technical standards: HTML5, XML, … How to design an open architecture… – Combination of standards – APIs – Application Profiles –… …and fulfill stakeholder interests – E.g. commercial vs open content How to align international activities? Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
  • 17. Some issues to include Multi Channel Publishing Workflow-/activity embedding http://www.etextbookseurope.eu Content structures and modularization Sequencing, tracking, monitoring Connecting heterogeneous systems: LMS, HR systems, ERP systems, administration systems, e-portfolio Learner profiles and data Re-combination of contents – Combination of open and commercial contents Personalization – Recommendations – Adaptation – Own learning pathways Rights / IPR Accessibility Ease of Use!!! Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
  • 18. eTernity: Goals for today Understanding the basics – Current initiatives in business development and education – Current initiatives in standardization Standards – EPUB3, DITA, html5, … – ISO standards Working towards a European position – Mapped and related requirements gathering for education & publishing – Position statement – Contribution towards relevant global workgroups Action plan – Meeting schedule – Liaisons / collaborations – (Common) working groups – Proposal for CEN/ISSS WSLT – Project liaisons Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
  • 19. eTernity: CEN WSLT’s Plans Kicking off the initiative – Stakeholder meeting and initial requirements gathering Work item at CEN WS LT – F2F meeting every three months – Specific online meetings – Express your support: http://etextbookseurope.eu/?q=node/9 Input towards ISO/EC JTC1 SC36 – Meeting in Paris in March – Meeting in Moscow in September Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
  • 20. eTernity: Agenda Input statements – Publishing – Standards – Initiatives Coffee Breaks & Lunch  Workshops: Discussion on potentially relevant issues – Introduction of each stakeholder – (uncommented) collection of requirements – Requirements and solutions • E.g. allowing learning scenarios -> inclusion of learning designs / educational pathways – Ranking & Action planning – Summary presentation Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
  • 21. Group Discussion Workshops Topics: – Scenarios and requirements following the lifecycle – Technical standards and architecture Group phases – (uncommented) collection of requirements for each phase / standards per issue (30 mins) – Developing possible scenarios and requirements (1h) – Possible solutions • E.g. allowing learning scenarios -> inclusion of learning designs / educational pathways – Ranking & Action planning (30 mins) – Summary presentation Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä
  • 22. www.etextbookseurope.eu Jan M. Pawlowski Fabrizio Cardinali Read our DITA blog post exact-learning.com/blog jan.pawlowski@jyu.fi Like us on Facebook/ http://users.jyu.fi/~japawlow exactlearningsolutions Follow us on Twitter @eXactlearning Email us at info@exactls.com