This document contains a table of contents and sections on grammar topics in Spanish including: conditional tenses, perfect tenses, commands, subjunctive mood, reflexive verbs, saber vs conocer, expressions of emotion, conjunctions of time, impersonal expressions, and demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. It provides definitions, examples, and English translations for key grammatical structures in Spanish.
18. Present Perfect Used to express or describe actions that have happened recently and/or actions that still hold true in the present. He pagado la cuenta. He pagado
20. Past Perfect Ex: Juan habíaabiertolaspuertas. Ex: (yo) Habíavivido. I had lived.
21. Subjunctive Perfect We use the present perfect subjunctive when we want to express a reaction to something that has happened (already). We need a conjugation of the verb Haber and a past participle. The only difference is that we conjugate Haber in the present Subjunctive.
22. Impersonal ‘se’ 1. Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb. Se vendefruta en la fruteria. 2. When using se, the verb is always in 3rd person. Aqui se habíaespañol. 3. Se can be used in all tenses. Se hizo mucho Se haría mucho. Se habíahecho.
29. Mono Verbs 1) if object pronouns are used, they must be attached to the end of affirmative commands, and this will always require a written accent in the nosotros forms 2) the first s of the affirmative reflexive ending is lost Ex: ¡Comamosafueraestanoche!
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32. Trigger Phrases Impersonal Expressions vs. Conjunctions of Time The impersonal phrases come before the subjunctive and the time phrases come after the independent clause to indicate when to use a subjunctive.
![TABLE OF CONTENTS Conditional Perfect Tenses Present Present Perfect Irregulars Past Subjunctive Perfect Nosotros Command Mono Verbs ,[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)