6. Activity Based Costing (ABC)
ABC is designed to
provide managers
with cost information
for strategic and
other decisions that
potentially affect
capacity and
therefore âfixedâ
costs.
ABC is a
good supplement
to our traditional
cost system
I agree!
7. Activity Based Costing (ABC)
Both manufacturing
Both manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing
and nonmanufacturing
costs may be
costs may be
assigned to
assigned to
products.
products.
A number
A number
of cost pools each
of cost pools each
allocated to a product
allocated to a product
or cost object.
or cost object.
Some manufacturing
Some manufacturing
costs may be excluded
costs may be excluded
from product
from product
costs.
costs.
Allocation bases often
Allocation bases often
differ from
differ from
traditional costing
traditional costing
systems.
systems.
Overhead rates may
Overhead rates may
be based on activity
be based on activity
at capacity.
at capacity.
8. How Costs are Treated Under
Activity-Based Costing
Activity Based
Activity Based
Costing
Costing
Departmental
Departmental
Overhead
Overhead
Rates
Rates
Plantwide
Plantwide
Overhead
Overhead
Rate
Rate
lo
ve
Le
om
fC
it y
x
le
p
Overhead Allocation
13. The problem with this approach
is that individual products,
services, etc., may use those
resources in a nonuniform way.
The end result is that some
products will be overcosted
while others will be
undercosted.
14. Refining a Cost System
ïŹReclassify
indirect costs as direct
costs.
ïŹDefine
more cost pools.
ïŹIdentify
ïŹUse
cost drivers.
Activity-Based Costing.
20. Step #1:Identify and Define
Activities and Activity Cost Pools
An Activity Cost
Pool is a âbucketâ in
which costs are
accumulated that
relate to a single
activity measure in
the ABC system.
$$
$
$$$
22. Step #1: Identify and Define
Step #1 For Classic Brass
Activities and Activity Cost Pools
At Classic Brass, the ABC team, selected the
following activity cost pools and activity
measures:
Activity Cost Pools at Classic Brass
Activity Cost Pool
Customer orders
Product design
Order size
Customer relations
Other
Activity Measure
Number of customer orders
Number of product designs
Machine-hours
Number of active customers
Not applicable
23. Step #1:Identify and Define
Activities and Activity Cost Pools
ïŹ Customer
Orders - assigned all costs of
resources that are consumed by taking
and processing customer orders.
ïŹ Product
Designs - assigned all costs of
resources consumed by designing
products.
ïŹ Order
Size - assigned all costs of
resources consumed as a consequence of
the number of units produced.
24. Step #1:Identify and Define
Activities and Activity Cost Pools
ïŹ Customer
Relations â assigned all costs
associated with maintaining relations
with customers.
ïŹ Other
â assigned all overhead costs that
are not associated with the other cost
pools.
34. Activity Cost Pools For
Step #1: Identify and Define
Classic Brass Activity Cost Pools
Activities and
At Classic Brass, the ABC team, selected the
following activity cost pools and activity
measures:
Activity Cost Pools at Classic Brass
Activity Cost Pool
Customer orders
Product design
Order size
Customer relations
Other
Activity Measure
Number of customer orders
Number of product designs
Machine-hours
Number of active customers
Not applicable
35. Calculate Activity Rates
The ABC team determines that Classic Brass will
have these total activities for each activity cost
pool . . .
ïŹ
1,000 customer orders
ïŹ
200 new designs
ïŹ
20,000 machine-hours
ïŹ
100 customer relations activities
Now the team can compute the individual
activity rates by dividing the total cost for
each activity by the total activity levels.
36. Calculate Activity Rates
Computation of Activity Rates
Activity Cost Pools
Customer orders
Product design
Order size
Customer relations
Other
(a)
Total Cost
$ 315,000
257,000
380,000
367,500
490,500
(b)
Total Activity
1,000 orders
200 designs
20,000 MHs
100 customer
Not applicable
Ă·
(a) (b)
Activity Rate
$315 per order
$1,285 per design
$19 per MH
$3,675 per customer
Not applicable
37. Activity-Based Costing at Classic Brass
Direct
Materials
Direct
Labor
Shipping
Costs
Traced
Traced
Traced
Overhead Costs
Cost Objects:
Products, Customer Orders, Customers
38. Activity-Based Costing at Classic Brass
Direct
Materials
Direct
Labor
Shipping
Costs
Overhead Costs
First-Stage Allocation
Order
Size
Customer
Orders
Product
Design
Customer
Relations
Cost Objects:
Products, Customer Orders, Customers
Other
39. Activity-Based Costing at Classic Brass
Activity-Based Costing at Classic Brass
Direct
Materials
Direct
Labor
Shipping
Costs
Overhead Costs
First-Stage Allocation
Order
Size
Customer
Orders
Product
Design
Customer
Relations
Other
Second-Stage Allocations
$/MH
$/Order
$/Design
$/Customer
Cost Objects:
Products, Customer Orders, Customers
Unallocated
41. Assigning Costs to Cost Objects
Letâs take a look at how our system works for just one
customer â Windward Yachts.
Standard Stanchions (no design required)
1. 400 units ordered with 2 separate orders.
2. Each stanchion required 0.5 machine-hours .
3. Selling price is $34 each.
4. Direct materials total $2,110.
5. Direct labor totals $1,850.
6. Shipping costs total $180.
Custom Compass Housing (requires new design)
1. One order during the year.
2. Each housing required 4 machine-hours .
3. Selling price is $650 each.
4. Direct materials total $13.
5. Direct labor totals $50.
6. Shipping costs total $25.
42. Computation of Activity Rates
Activity Cost Pools
Customer orders
Product design
Order size
Customer relations
Other
(a)
Total Cost
$ 315,000
257,000
380,000
367,500
490,500
(b)
Total Activity
1,000 orders
200 designs
20,000 MHs
100 customer
Not applicable
Standard Stanchions (no design required)
1. 400 units ordered with 2 separate orders.
2. Each stanchion required 0.5 machine-hours .
3. Selling price is $34 each.
4. Direct materials total $2,110.
5. Direct labor totals $1,850.
6. Shipping costs total $180.
(a) (b)
Activity Rate
$315 per order
$1,285 per design
$19 per MH
$3,675 per customer
Not applicable
43. Custom Compass Housing (requires new design)
1. One order during the year.
2. Each housing required 4 machine-hours .
3. Selling price is $650 each.
4. Direct materials total $13.
5. Direct labor totals $50.
6. Shipping costs total $25.
Computation of Activity Rates
Activity Cost Pools
Customer orders
Product design
Order size
Customer relations
Other
(a)
Total Cost
$ 315,000
257,000
380,000
367,500
490,500
(b)
Total Activity
1,000 orders
200 designs
20,000 MHs
100 customer
Not applicable
(a) (b)
Activity Rate
$315 per order
$1,285 per design
$19 per MH
$3,675 per customer
Not applicable